азбука 1 класс

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ABC 1st class: how to learn to read and write in Russian


ABC is not just a set of letters, it is the basis of Russian language and culture. Without knowledge of the alphabet it is impossible to learn to read and write in Russian, as well as to understand and express their thoughts. In this article we will tell you what is the alphabet, how it is arranged, how they learn literacy in the first grade and how to help the child in learning the alphabet. 

 
What is an alphabet and why is it needed? 


The alphabet is a system of signs that denote the sounds of the Russian language. The alphabet consists of 33 letters, which are divided into vowels and consonants. Each letter has its own name, for example, A - az, B - beeches, B - vedi, etc. Knowing the names of letters helps to remember their shape and order. 

 
Alphabet Definition


The word "alphabet" comes from the first two letters of the alphabet: A and B. In antiquity these letters were called "az" and "beech", so the entire alphabet was called "alphabet". Now this word is used in the meaning of "basis", "beginning" of something. 

 
History of the alphabet


The Russian alphabet has a long history, which began in the 9th century, when saints Cyril and Methodius created a Slavic script based on the Greek alphabet. This script was called a glagolitis and was used to translate religious texts. In the 10th-11th centuries, the glagolitis was replaced by the Cyrillic alphabet, a simpler and more user-friendly writing system that retained much in common with the Greek a 
Alphabet Structure


Modern Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters, of which 10 vowels and 23 consonants. Vowel letters denote sounds that are pronounced without barriers in the speech apparatus, for example, A, O, Y. Consonant letters denote sounds that are pronounced with obstacles in the speech apparatus, for example, B, B, G. In addition, the alphabet has two letters that do not indicate the sounds, but to change the sound of other letters: b is a soft sign and b is a solid sign. 

 
How to learn literacy in 1st grade? 


 
Methods of literacy training


There are many methods of literacy teaching in the 1st grade, which differ in the degree of complexity, speed and efficiency. Some of the most common methods are:







The synthetic method is that children first learn the letters individually and then make up the syllables and words. 


The analytical method is that children first learn whole words and phrases, and then analyze them into components. 


Complex method - children learn letters, syllables, words and phrases simultaneously using different activities: reading, writing, drawing, games, etc.



 
Tutorials and instructions in the alphabet


Special textbooks and alphabet instructions are used for teaching first grade literacy. Textbooks contain reading texts and tasks to test understanding and fixation of the material. The instructions contain samples of letters and words for writing training. There are many different textbooks and alphabet instructions for 1st grade, for example:





Tutorial

Author

Features




"Primer"

TG. Ramzayev

Classic tutorial on synthetic method with colorful illustrations and interesting texts




"ABC"

N.S. Zhukova

Modern tutorial on complex method with interactive tasks and multimedia applications 




"Reading by syllables"

E.V. Pleshakova


Popular textbook on analytical method with emphasis on the development of phonemic hearing and perception of syllables





The alphabet instructions usually correspond to textbooks and contain the same letters, words and texts, but in a form suitable for writing. The instructions help children to develop bea

азбука 1 класс

Agustin Barnhart