Ted Turner started buying ranch land in the early 1990s as both an investment and to conserve habitat for imperiled species at a spatial scale that would be meaningful. Today, Turner Enterprises owns nearly 2 million acres of land across the Western United States. Mark Kossler manages the ranching operations on these 15 properties, all of which include bison. Carter Kruse is the lead scientist for the management efforts behind numerous species conservation efforts on Turner's holdings. 

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
https://tedturnerreserves.com/our-mission/

TRANSCRIPT: https://bit.ly/3vua1cb

AoR 64: Mark Kossler & Carter Kruse, Conservation Ranching at Landscape Scales

Pima County owns and leases large tracts of land for working landscapes and biological conservation. Vanessa Prileson manages the range program which ensures this arrangement is successful and has good advice for other organizations selecting lessees/operators who need to be able to manage toward conservation goals and as well as economic and production goals.

Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan. https://webcms.pima.gov/cms/one.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=52654

TRANSCRIPT: https://bit.ly/3AHjH6l

AoR 65: Vanessa Prileson, Conservation Ranching in Pima County, Arizona

The future ain't what it used to be (Yogi Berra): there are more price risks and stressors on cattle markets than ever, and the predictability of cattle markets is at an all-time low. Livestock insurance is not new but is recently gaining adoption as a reliable risk tool to prevent catastrophic financial losses and prepare for uncertainties such as drought. Listen to Jack Field, with CKP Insurance, discuss insurance products with Dr. Shannon Neibergs, WSU livestock economist and director for the Western Center for Risk Management Education. For more information, contact Jack directly at jfield@ckpinsurance.com or (509) 929-1711 .

Transcript: https://bit.ly/3x5mbIC

More information from USDA Risk Management Agency on LRP is available at https://www.rma.usda.gov/Policy-and-Procedure/Insurance-Plans/Livestock-Insurance-Plans.

AoR 66: Livestock Price Risk Management with Jack Field & Shannon Neibergs

How to measure soil carbon, influence soil carbon, and influence others to care about soil carbon has motivated Peter Donovan for nearly three decades now. He locates himself squarely between the social worlds of science and practice and has worked to foster the relationship between knowing and doing with a passion that is unusual in our culture. In this wide-ranging interview, he and Tip discuss what is soil carbon, what we don't know about soil carbon, and the importance of social networks and internal motivation to caring for land well. 

Be sure to take a look at the Soil Carbon Coalition website: https://soilcarboncoalition.org/

Transcript: https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-70-soil-carbon-and-social-networks-peter-donovan

AoR 70: Soil Carbon and Social Networks with Peter Donovan

Grazing managers of any kind and in any place must answer the questions of what is and what is not possible and how to manage toward meaningful landscape change.  LandPKS was developed to make basic rangeland site data available to anyone and enable time-efficient long-term monitoring based on the rangeland health principles. Jeff Herrick has been working with graziers and managers across the globe for some years to develop an easy-to-use system to "support farmers, ranchers, gardeners, land-use planners, and other natural resource managers with open-source tools that allow them to easily access knowledge and information, and to collect, share, and interpret their own soil, vegetation cover, and management data. LandPKS data, information, and knowledge can be used to improve soil health and productivity. It supports all approaches to land management including traditional, regenerative, organic, and holistic." Listen to this practical discussion between Tip and Jeff about recently updated features of the LandPKS app and data portal as well as general principles supporting rangeland monitoring of grazing areas and adaptive management.

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
Land PKS training modules. https://landpotential.org/knowledge-hub/
Land PKS data portal. https://landpotential.org/data-portal/
And to install the app and begin working . . . https://landpotential.org/mobile-app/

TRANSCRIPT: https://bit.ly/37l9EGH

Coming soon at https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-67-land-potential-knowledge-system-revisited-jeff-herrick

AoR 67: Land Potential Knowledge System Revisited with Jeff Herrick

Microbial source tracking has gained accuracy in the last decade, and a multidisciplinary team at University of Idaho recently used MST methods to help US Forest Service managers identify causes of contamination of a stream listed by regulatory authorities for high bacteria. This is the first of a two-part episode with Eric Winford, Associate Director of the Idaho Rangelands Center; Dr. Jim Sprinkle, Univ. of Idaho Extension beef specialist at the Nancy Cummings Research & Extension Center; Dr. Jane Lucas, post-doc in Univ. of Idaho Dept. of Soil & Water Systems; and Alan Kolok, Director of the Idaho Water Resources Research Institute. Listen to learn about E.coli as an indicator species, methods to determine what animals are contributing e. coli to streams, potential targeted water quality improvement practices, and more.

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, www.uidaho.edu/research/entities/iwrri

Alan Kolok, IWRRI director, can be reached at www.uidaho.edu/cnr/faculty/kolok

Idaho Rangelands Center, www.uidaho.edu/cnr/rangeland-center

Idaho Rangeland Resources Commission article about this Mink Creek study, idrange.org/range-stories/south…ry-solved-with-dna/

Transcript: https://bit.ly/3z1UBhp

AoR 69: Wildland Stream Bacteria Forensics Science in Idaho, Part 2

Microbial source tracking has gained accuracy in the last decade, and a multidisciplinary team at University of Idaho recently used MST methods to help US Forest Service managers identify causes of contamination of a stream listed by regulatory authorities for high bacteria. This is the first of a two-part episode with Eric Winford, Associate Director of the Idaho Rangelands Center; Dr. Jim Sprinkle, Univ. of Idaho Extension beef specialist at the Nancy Cummings Research & Extension Center; Dr. Jane Lucas, post-doc in Univ. of Idaho Dept. of Soil & Water Systems; and Alan Kolok, Director of the Idaho Water Resources Research Institute. Listen to learn about E.coli as an indicator species, methods to determine what animals are contributing e. coli to streams, potential targeted water quality improvement practices, and more. 

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, https://www.uidaho.edu/research/entities/iwrri

Alan Kolok, IWRRI director, can be reached at https://www.uidaho.edu/cnr/faculty/kolok 

Idaho Rangelands Center, https://www.uidaho.edu/cnr/rangeland-center

Idaho Rangeland Resources Commission article about this Mink Creek study, https://idrange.org/range-stories/southeast-idaho/mink-creek-water-quality-an-e-coli-mystery-solved-with-dna/

TRANSCRIPT
https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-68-wildland-stream-bacteria-forensics-science-idaho-part-1

AoR 68: Wildland Stream Bacteria Forensics Science in Idaho, Part 1

Ranching and livestock production on rangelands provide food and fiber concurrently with other ecosystem services such as wildlife habitat, clean air and water, carbon sequestration, cultural resources, recreational opportunities and scenic vistas. However, an implicit “wicked challenge” is the lack of mechanisms to effectively value ecological services to reward ranchers and landowners for their conservation. A desire to conserve rangelands and enhance ecological values has brought together individuals of otherwise disparate views. Using whole landscapes to provide ecosystems services and economic viability has turned charismatic environmentalists into ranching advocates and ranchers into conservation activists. This is adapted from a recording of the Society for Range Management's 2021 annual meeting plenary session on Feb 15.

To download the PowerPoint slides for these talks, go to https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-71-huntsinger-gennet-how-conserve-ranches-and-support-environmental-stewardship

Transcript: https://bit.ly/2YQFPNn

AoR 71: Huntsinger & Gennet, How to Conserve Ranches and Support Environmental Stewardship

Soil organic matter is considered an indicator of soil health, there are numerous methods promoted for building it, SOM is credited with the potential to alleviate greenhouse gas increase, but Andy & Doug say the way we've understood SOM is perhaps an artifact of the old ways of measuring it. The complexity of what we call 'organic matter' is significant, challenging, and prompts a re-thinking of both soil health measurement and soil-building practices. This episode is not quite "Why Everything You Thought You Knew About Soil Organic Matter is Wrong", but advances in soil biology and chemistry will certainly challenge your long-held notions about this topic. Be sure to come back for Part 2 of this interview with Doug Collins and Andy McGuire, both of them agronomists and professional soils enthusiasts.

Related resources:
WSU Extension publication by Doug & Andy, "Understanding and Measuring Organic Matter in Soil" can be downloaded at https://pubs.extension.wsu.edu/understanding-and-measuring-organic-matter-in-soil. 

Recent article at the website BioCycle, referencing Collins' and McGuire's work: "Saying Goodbye to a Soil Organic Matter Fundamental", www.biocycle.net/connections-sayi…ter-fundamental/

AoR 74: Why Does Soil Organic Matter Matter?, Doug Collins & Andy McGuire, Part 1

Ranch sustainability requires land care that works for the long haul and management that makes a profit more years than not. Jim Rickert, owner of the Prather Ranch in northern California, makes the case that a ranch must take care of people and animals, too, in order to last, and these goals are synergistic, not mutually exclusive. This two-part interview with Jim chronicles his circuitous path from a masters degree doing linear programming models of farm financial alternatives under Earl Butz, economist at Purdue, later US Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Nixon and Ford, to running a fully integrated beef operation, with a closed cow herd, a ranch feedlot, and a gold-standard abattoir. Perhaps most unique, Prather Ranch has "an international reputation as a supplier of high quality bovine hides, bones, tissues, organs and other bovine xenograft materials for the medical device, pharmaceutical and biological industries." If you missed part one of this interview, see episode 72.

Learn more about the Prather Ranch at https://www.pratherranch.com/.
Learn more about their meat marketing at https://www.prathermeats.com/.
Information about the bovine parts used for medical purposes is at https://www.closedherd.com/.

AoR 73: James Rickert on Closed Herds, Open Abattoirs, and Creative Grazing (Part 2)

Ranch sustainability requires land care that works for the long haul and management that makes a profit more years than not. Jim Rickert, owner of the Prather Ranch in northern California, makes the case that a ranch must take care of people and animals, too, in order to last, and these goals are synergistic, not mutually exclusive. This two-part interview with Jim chronicles his circuitous path from a masters degree doing linear programming models of farm financial alternatives under Earl Butz, economist at Purdue, later US Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Nixon and Ford, to running a fully integrated beef operation, with a closed cow herd, a ranch feedlot, and a gold-standard abattoir. Perhaps most unique, Prather Ranch has "an international reputation as a supplier of high quality bovine hides, bones, tissues, organs and other bovine xenograft materials for the medical device, pharmaceutical and biological industries." Be sure to check back for part two of this fascinating interview.

And please take a short listener survey here: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_eG2NDoDEVAnGh3U. 

Learn more about the Prather Ranch at https://www.pratherranch.com/.
Learn more about their meat marketing at https://www.prathermeats.com/.
Information about the bovine parts used for medical purposes is at https://www.closedherd.com/.

AoR 72: James Rickert on Closed Herds, Open Abattoirs, and Creative Grazing (Part 1)

Soil organic matter is considered an indicator of soil health, there are numerous methods promoted for building it, SOM is credited with the potential to alleviate greenhouse gas increase, but Andy & Doug say the way we've understood SOM is perhaps an artifact of the old ways of measuring it. The complexity of what we call 'organic matter' is significant, challenging, and prompts a re-thinking of both soil health measurement and soil-building practices. This episode is not quite "Why Everything You Thought You Knew About Soil Organic Matter is Wrong", but advances in soil biology and chemistry will certainly challenge your long-held notions about this topic. If you haven't heard part 1 of this interview with Doug Collins and Andy McGuire, go to episode 74. 

Related resources:
WSU Extension publication by Doug & Andy, "Understanding and Measuring Organic Matter in Soil" can be downloaded at https://pubs.extension.wsu.edu/understanding-and-measuring-organic-matter-in-soil. 

Recent article at the website BioCycle, referencing Collins' and McGuire's work: "Saying Goodbye to a Soil Organic Matter Fundamental", www.biocycle.net/connections-sayi…ter-fundamental/

AoR 75: Why Does Soil Organic Matter Matter?, Doug Collins & Andy McGuire, Part 2

Deciding whether to seed, what to seed, and how to apply seed after wildfire are weighty questions. Seeding costs money, seedings often fail, and most rangelands won't pay you back for rehabilitation failure. Richard Fleenor, NRCS state rangelands conservationist in Washington, has a background in plant materials and revegetation and discusses with Tip analyzing burn severity, pre-fire plant community composition, and options in seed selection and application. 


RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
Shrub-Steppe and Grassland Restoration Manual for the Columbia River Basin: https://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/01330

OR & WA Guide for Conservation Seedings & Plantings (NRCS publication):
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_042417.pdf

NRCS Eastern Oregon/Washington Rangeland and Grazed Forest Seeding Guide, Tech note 1: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_PLANTMATERIALS/publications/wapmstn11194.pdf 

TRANSCRIPT: https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-76-seed-or-not-seed-post-fire-rehabilitation-richard-fleenor

AoR 76: To Seed or Not to Seed? Post-Fire Rehabilitation with Richard Fleenor

Seeding in extreme environments such as arid and semi-arid rangelands requires extra care in site preparation, species selection, seed selection, seed placement, planting timing, and care for emerging seedlings. Mel Asher and Jerry Benson have been successfully doing large-scale restoration on challenging rangeland settings for many years. Jerry owns BFI Native Seeds, specializing in locally-sourced native species for the Intermountain West; Mel is the new owner of Derby Canyon Natives, a company that provides live plant stock, mostly containerized. She and Jerry have been doing post-fire rehabilitation for long enough to speak with some authority and they literally wrote the book on it. This episode covers nearly multiple aspects of rangeland seedings, with a focus on plant materials. 

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
http://www.bfinativeseeds.com/

https://derbycanyonnatives.com/

Shrub-steppe and grassland restoration manual for the Columbia River Basin, https://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/01330

Transcript at https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-77-local-seed-genetics-range-seeding-methods-mel-asher-jerry-benson.

AoR 77: Local Seed Genetics & Range Seeding Methods, Mel Asher & Jerry Benson

How do we build soil health? What is soil health? Is careful grazing helpful or hurtful? Can anything be done to meaningfully influence soil health? And how would we know? What can be measured that indicates progress? These are the questions Derek Scasta and Jeff Goodwin and their team intend to begin to answer through a recently funded national-scale project called Metrics, Management, and Monitoring: An Investigation of Pasture and Rangeland Soil Health and Its Drivers. This ambitious research and outreach effort, funded through a variety of public and private monies, will combine state-of-the-art experimental research with case studies documenting existing soil health effects on farms and ranches where consistent practices have been in place for years (and unlike investing, prior performance does predict future results). These results will inform policy and trade in carbon markets, enhance agricultural resilience to climate uncertainty, and advise land managers on how to increase profitability, land health, and animal health. This interview introduces the project's history, objectives, and timeline. Stay tuned for those future results.

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
Ecological Outcomes Verification, https://bit.ly/3sNy9GT

Journal article, "Usable Science: Soil Health", Rangelands, 2016.
Journal article, "Valuing and Rewarding Ecosystem Services From Rangelands", Rangelands, 2014.
Journal article, "Rangelands and Ecosystem Services: Economic Wealth From Land Health?", Rangelands, 2011
Article links at https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-78-one-study-rule-them-all-3m-soil-health-research-jeff-goodwin-derek-scasta

TRANSCRIPT
Coming soon at https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-78-one-study-rule-them-all-3m-soil-health-research-jeff-goodwin-derek-scasta

AoR 78: One Study to Rule Them All -- 3M Soil Health Research with Jeff Goodwin & Derek Scasta

Forestry and range sciences are tied to each other in a long and complex social history, and many areas of the Western U.S. and semi-arid parts of the world host rangeland and forest plant communities in the same space and within the same management boundaries. So there is good reason to encourage range folk to given some attention to forestry, not necessarily 'board-feet' production forestry but the ecology of forests and their interactions with rangeland plant communities. This interview with Sean Alexander introduces a high-quality forest ecology-focused podcast with similar background philosophy to The Art of Range -- long interviews on a diversity of topics. Consider subscribing to The Forest Overstory Podcast if you live and work on rangeland with tall range weeds, I mean trees (the late Dr. Kendall Johnson's joke).

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
The Forest Overstory Podcast, start here: https://forestry.wsu.edu/forestoverstory/ 
Paul Hessburg's TEDx talk, Living in an Era of Megafires: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edDZNkm8Mas
WSU's forestry Extension website: https://forestry.wsu.edu/
Ann Stinson, The Ground At My Feet -- Sustaining a Family and a Forest: https://www.amazon.com/Ground-My-Feet-Sustaining-Family/dp/0870711466/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= 

Transcript available at https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-79-forest-overstory-podcast-sean-alexander

AoR 79: The Forest Overstory Podcast, with Sean Alexander

Ranching for Profit is an organization started by Stan Parsons and recently run by Dave Pratt that has been helping ranchers work on the business instead of in the business for decades. Dallas Mount, former Univ. of Wyoming Extension economist and now co-owner of Ranch Management Consultants, talks with Tip about ranch finance competencies, common weaknesses in ranch financial planning, and fundamental steps livestock producers can take to understand costs and put assets to work for them. This episode introduces a new grant through Western Extension for Risk Management Education that will provide outreach on ranch finance and use of livestock insurance products. Tune in for a teaser on fixed assets and working capital . . .

Learn more about Ranching for Profit schools and Executive Link at https://ranchmanagement.com/. 

TRANSCRIPT 
Available at https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-80-should-ranching-be-profitable-dallas-mount.

AoR 80: Should Ranching Be Profitable? with Dallas Mount

We're taking a break this week from the normal release schedule. Come back on April 14 for the first episode in a two-part series on ranch sustainability indicators. You can prepare for that episode by downloading the article at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2021.08.011. If that link gives you trouble, email me at show@artofrange.com.

New grant, new topics, and April 14 release introduction

Jim O'Rourke and Barbara Hutchinson have been part of the effort to have a United Nations International Year acknowledging the importance of rangelands and the people of rangelands for many years. On March 15, 2022, the UN General Assembly finally approved this proposal. Listen to Jim and Barbara describe why this matters for people who already know and care about rangelands and how you can heighten awareness of the social and ecological importance of rangelands worldwide.


LEARN MORE ABOUT THE IYRP AT THESE LINKS

(Live links are on the episode website at https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-81-welcome-2026-intl-year-rangelands-pastoralists) 


Main IYRP website:  https://iyrp.info/

Introduction to the IYRP (Video) - https://youtu.be/zToSadWebwc?list=PLgz33fsrwiVkGSJE-I84wsKL8nOfRPdyU

Pastoralism is the Future (Video) - https://youtu.be/DeqITzac9Ac

Who are pastoralists? (Word Cloud) - https://iyrp.info/who-are-pastoralists

What are rangelands? (Word Cloud) - https://iyrp.info/what-are-rangelands

North American section: https://iyrp.info/north-america

Facebook IYRP Global - https://www.facebook.com/IYRP2026

Facebook IYRP North America - https://www.facebook.com/IYRPNorthAmerica2026/

Twitter IYRP Global - https://twitter.com/IYRP2026

Twitter IYRP North America - https://twitter.com/IYRPNA2026

Instagram IYRP Global - https://www.instagram.com/iyrp2026/

Instagram IYRP North America - https://www.instagram.com/iyrpnorthamerica2026/


TRANSCRIPT AVAILABLE at https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-81-welcome-2026-intl-year-rangelands-pastoralists

AoR 81: Welcome to the 2026 Int'l Year of Rangelands & Pastoralists!

This episode has the authors of a recent article in the journal Rangeland Ecology & Management tell the story behind their work: Clare Kazanski & Marissa Ahlering (The Nature Conservancy), Patrick Lendrum (World Wildlife Fund), and Sheri Spiegal (Jornada Experimental Range). Sheri was recently honored with the USDA ARS Early Career Scientist of the Year Award. The organizations represented by these and other contributing authors are all involved in evaluating environmental and social success in ranching. Quoting from the article: "There is a need for greater clarity on which indicators are most effective for assessing and monitoring sustainable management and continuous improvement of ranching operations. Our objective was to synthesize existing guidance on monitoring and assessing ranch-scale sustainability in the United States and to identify core ecological, social, and economic indicators that could identify well-managed ranching, support adaptive management, and demonstrate producers’ sustainability and continuous improvement to retailers and consumers. We evaluated 21 range and pastureland assessments from nongovernmental organizations, agencies, and academics that totaled 180 indicators. From this, we selected 20 commonly used “core” indicators (12 ecological and 8 socioeconomic)" that can be used to measure ranch sustainability.

Article link, REM issue 79, open access: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550742421001020

https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/provide-food-and-water-sustainably/food-and-water-stories/sustainable-grazing-lands/

Sustainable Southwest Beef Project--Tools for Ranch and Rangeland Resilience. https://southwestbeef.org/

Long-Term Agroecosystem Research program. https://www.ars.usda.gov/natural-resources-and-sustainable-agricultural-systems/water-availability-and-watershed-management/docs/long-term-agroecosystem-research-ltar-network/

TRANSCRIPT at the episode webpage: https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-82-synthesis-ranch-level-sustainability-indicators-land-managers-part-1

AoR 82: A Synthesis of Ranch-Level Sustainability Indicators for Land Managers, Part 1

This episode is the second in a two-part series with the authors of a recent article in the journal Rangeland Ecology & Management telling the story behind their work on ranch sustainability: Clare Kazanski & Marissa Ahlering (The Nature Conservancy), Patrick Lendrum (World Wildlife Fund), and Sheri Spiegal (Jornada Experimental Range). Sheri was recently honored with the USDA ARS Early Career Scientist of the Year Award. The organizations represented by these and other contributing authors are all involved in evaluating environmental and social success in ranching. Quoting from the article: "There is a need for greater clarity on which indicators are most effective for assessing and monitoring sustainable management and continuous improvement of ranching operations. Our objective was to synthesize existing guidance on monitoring and assessing ranch-scale sustainability in the United States and to identify core ecological, social, and economic indicators that could identify well-managed ranching, support adaptive management, and demonstrate producers’ sustainability and continuous improvement to retailers and consumers. We evaluated 21 range and pastureland assessments from nongovernmental organizations, agencies, and academics that totaled 180 indicators. From this, we selected 20 commonly used “core” indicators (12 ecological and 8 socioeconomic)" that can be used to measure ranch sustainability.

Article link, REM issue 79, open access: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550742421001020

https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/provide-food-and-water-sustainably/food-and-water-stories/sustainable-grazing-lands/

Sustainable Southwest Beef Project--Tools for Ranch and Rangeland Resilience. https://southwestbeef.org/

Long-Term Agroecosystem Research program. https://www.ars.usda.gov/natural-resources-and-sustainable-agricultural-systems/water-availability-and-watershed-management/docs/long-term-agroecosystem-research-ltar-network/

TRANSCRIPT coming soon at the episode webpage: https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-83-synthesis-ranch-level-sustainability-indicators-land-managers-part-2

AoR 83: A Synthesis of Ranch-Level Sustainability Indicators for Land Managers, Part 2

Paul Bechtel is an almost-centenarian, born 1923, whose family was lured to Eastern Montana by hopes of homesteading good land still free for the taking. Reality wasn't quite so gentle in the northern Great Plains in the rainshadow of the Rocky Mountains. He lived in Ekelaka in harsh conditions through the Great Depression and until he joined the U.S. Army in 1941, but his best memories of his entire life are from this era. It was a good place to be a free range child. In this episode, co-hosted with Mark Teske, a wildlife biologist, Paul reminisces about eating sage grouse, measuring dirt tanks, and earning creative car payments in a remote agricultural local economy. 

TRANSCRIPT AND PHOTO available at https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-84-perspectives-memoirs-habitat-and-homesteading-eastern-montana-paul-bechtel. 

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
The book Paul refers to by an author who lived in Seattle for a time is "Bad Land: An American Romance", by Jonathan Raban, ISBN 0679759069.

Homestead Act originally offered 160 acres, https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/homestead-act

https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/homestead-act

AoR 84: Perspectives: Memoirs of Habitat and Homesteading in Eastern Montana, with Paul Bechtel

Americans hear news of social conflict and small-scale warfare in Africa and we ignore the news because it's far away and doesn't affect us. It's also not possible to meaningfully engage emotionally with everything bad happening around the globe. But there are real people and animals in Cameroon whose lives are disrupted, and because pastoralists are often politically marginalized it's important to tell their stories. This interview touches on the geography of West-central Africa, the lifestyle of Shuwa pastoralists, and the ecology behind the transhumance grazing movements. 

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
Thousands of pastoralists seek refuge in Waza National Park, Cameroon: https://pfbc-cbfp.org/news-partner/THECONVERSATION-PaulScholte-Waza.html
Other papers are referenced at the episode page listed below.

TRANSCRIPT COMING SOON AT https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-85-pastoralists-displaced-cameroon-africa-mark-moritz-paul-scholte.

AoR 85: Pastoralists Displaced in Cameroon, Africa -- Mark Moritz & Paul Scholte

Many ranchers don't do it for the money, but one cannot ranch for long only losing money. In this first episode in a grant-funded series on ranch financial resiliency, Jack Southworth discusses principles and common problems in ranch money management with James Rogers and Clay Worden. Stay tuned for more.

TRANSCRIPT available at https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-86-intro-ranch-financial-resiliency-jack-southworth-james-rogers-clay-worden.

AoR 86: Intro to Ranch Financial Resiliency--Jack Southworth, James Rogers, & Clay Worden

Financial resiliency requires knowing and tracking costs of production and comparing the costs and revenues of a specific enterprise against other possible enterprises. In this second episode with Jack Southworth, James Rogers, and Clay Worden, they discuss the many ways every ranch's context is different from another's, highlighting the importance of spending some time working on the business and not just in the business. 

RESOURCES MENTIONED ON THE SHOW are available at https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-87-intro-ranch-finance-part-2-jack-southworth-james-rogers-clay-worden


TRANSCRIPT AVAILABLE SOON AT https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-87-intro-ranch-finance-part-2-jack-southworth-james-rogers-clay-worden

AoR 87: Intro to Ranch Finance, Part 2--Jack Southworth, James Rogers, & Clay Worden

The summer of 2022 is nearly in the books, as they say, but range managers and graziers should pay attention to increasingly sophisticated tools to characterize both forage yield and fire risk in order to respond to annual and seasonal anomalies in forage quantity and type proactively. Listen to an update on 2022 conditions and a description of Fuelcast.net, a decision support platform that everyone should have in their range management toolbox.

TRANSCRIPT coming soon at https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-88-forage-fuel-fire-forecasts-matt-reeves 

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
https://www.fuelcast.net/
Crop Condition and Soil Moisture Analytics: https://nassgeo.csiss.gmu.edu/CropCASMA/

AoR 88: Forage, Fuel, & Fire Forecasts with Matt Reeves

Guest Dr. Karen Launchbaugh and host Tip Hudson discuss grazing management philosophies, changes in scientific understanding of plant community dynamics over the last 50 years, and grazing terminology.

SURVEY
Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr

TRANSCRIPT
The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2DLNd1q 

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
State and transition modeling: an ecological process approach. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs144p2_050801.pdf

Land EKG Grazing Response Index: http://www.landekg.com/newsletter-200909/

Original Grazing Response Index: https://www.blm.gov/or/programs/nrst/files/Grazing%20_Response_Index.pdf

Targeted Grazing Handbook, by Univ. of Idaho: http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/rx-grazing/Handbook.htm

Politics of Scale, by Nathan Sayre. https://amzn.to/2Qif7DA

AoR 1: Karen Launchbaugh, Grazing Philosophy

Guest Karen Launchbaugh and host Tip Hudson discuss grazing management principles that apply everywhere, coordinating grazing management across multiple ownerships, stocking rate planning for long-term rangeland health, and the pros and cons of common grazing rules of thumb.

SURVEY
Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr

TRANSCRIPT
A full transcript is available at: https://bit.ly/2NfeCIq 

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
Land EKG Grazing Response Index: http://www.landekg.com/newsletter-200909/

Original Grazing Response Index: https://www.blm.gov/or/programs/nrst/files/Grazing%20_Response_Index.pdf

Journal article "Practical Grazing Management to Meet Riparian Objectives", by Sherman Swanson: https://journals.lib.uidaho.edu/index.php/jra/article/view/16

Burkhardt & Sanders paper, "Management of Growing Season Grazing in the Sagebrush Steppe": https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/rangelands/article/view/19540/19175 

Targeted Grazing Handbook website and publications: http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/rx-grazing/handbook.htm

AoR 2: Karen Launchbaugh, Grazing Management Fundamentals

Floyd Reed, retired US Forest Service range conservationist, discusses with Tip a book he co-authored several years ago with Dave Bradford and Robbie LeValley examining landscape photographs taken in Western Colorado between 1885 and 1915. They found those sites and repeated the photographs. The book is titled, “When the Grass Stood Stirrup-High: Facts, Photographs, and Myths of West-Central Colorado”. Tip & Floyd discuss photographic monitoring methods that can be used by ranchers and range professionals.

TRANSCRIPT
The full transcript of this episode is available at:  https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-3-floyd-reed-landscape-change-over-time 

Books or resources mentioned in the podcast:

When the Grass Stood Stirrup-High, by Dave Bradford, Floyd Reed, and Robbie LeValley is available through Colorado State University Cooperative Extension, Tri-River Area, 525 Dodge St, Delta CO, 81416. Ph: 970-874-2195. 

Rangeland Through Time, by Kendall Johnson, is available online at http://rangelands.org/wy_photos/RangeThroughTime/RangeThroughTime.html. It can be purchased through Amazon or other online book sellers. https://www.amazon.com/Rangeland-through-time-photographic-Miscellaneous/dp/0941570053. 

Re-discovering the Big Horns: a pictorial study of 75 years of ecological change, by John George Jack, 1976. Available from used book sellers. 

Exploring with Custer: The 1874 Black Hills Expedition, by Ernest Grafe and Paul Horsted, published in 2002. https://www.amazon.com/Exploring-Custer-Black-Hills-Expedition/dp/0971805318/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1542157323&sr=8-2&keywords=Exploring+With+Custer

"Beginnings of Range Management: Albert F. Potter, First Chief of Grazing, U.S. Forest Service, and a Photographic Comparison of his 1902 Forest Reserve Survey in Utah with Conditions 100 Years Later”. July 2005. David A. Prevedel & Curtis M. Johnson. https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_journals/2005/rmrs_2005_prevedel_d001.pdf 

University of Idaho publication on photomonitoring, rancher field guide with photoboard: https://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/PNW/PNW672.pdf

University of Idaho publication on photo monitoring procedures: https://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/PNW/PNW671.pdf

Photomonitoring guide by Fred Hall, USFS. This is the gold standard for fixed point, repeat photography: https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr526/

The Glass Cage, by Nicholas Carr. https://tinyurl.com/y8kal673

The Age of Interruption, by Thomas Friedman. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/05/opinion/05friedman.html

A Crack in Creation, https://www.amazon.com/Crack-Creation-Editing-Unthinkable-Evolution/dp/0544716949

AoR 3: Floyd Reed, Landscape Change Over Time

Guest Fred Provenza and Tip talk about how animals and environment affect each other in what Dr. Provenza calls a dance—a dance he’s written about in his brand-new book “Nourishment”. Tip and Fred discuss the 40 years of research that led to the writing of this capstone book. Along the way, they discuss how domestic animals can be selected or trained to match their environment and how this intersects with ecological, economic, and social resilience of rangeland-based livestock operations.

Art of Range podcast show notes (www.artofrange.com)
Episode 4: Dr. Fred Provenza, matching animal to environment
Guest Fred Provenza, professor emeritus, Utah State University, and host Tip Hudson discuss Dr. Provenza’s lifetime of research on the complex relationships among animals and their environments, particularly with regard to diet and animal health. 

SURVEY
Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey and to access continuing education credits (CPRM only): https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr 

TRANSCRIPT
A full transcript is available at: https://www.dropbox.com/home/Art%20of%20Range%20transcripts?preview=AoR_004_Fred_Provenza.clean.txt 

RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE
BEHAVE project. www.behave.net. (Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management)
WSU Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources: Northwest rangelands and climate resiliency. http://csanr.wsu.edu/northwest-rangelands/
2013 Provenza paper "Complex Creative Systems". https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/rangelands/article/download/19605/19238
Dr. Provenza's new book, "Nourishment: What Animals Can Teach Us about Rediscovering Our Nutritional Wisdom". https://www.amazon.com/Nourishment-Animals-Rediscovering-Nutritional-Wisdom-ebook/dp/B07KJH3FQD/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1543443718&sr=8-1&keywords=books+by+fred+provenza
Dr. Provenza's book, The Art & Science of Shepherding". https://www.amazon.com/Art-Science-Shepherding-Michel-Meuret/dp/1601730691/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1543443776&sr=8-2&keywords=books+by+fred+provenza
Recipe for rose hip tea: https://www.earthfoodandfire.com/wild-rose-hip-tea/



WSU publications on fetal programming in beef cattle
Feeding Beef Cattle I: The Realities of Low-Quality Forages. https://pubs.wsu.edu/ItemDetail.aspx?ProductID=15519&SeriesCode=&CategoryID=&Keyword=Beef
Feeding Beef Cattle II: Fetal Programming--Rethinking Cow/Calf Feeding Programs.  https://pubs.wsu.edu/ItemDetail.aspx?ProductID=15547&SeriesCode=&CategoryID=&Keyword=Beef

Articles on cow body size
Article by John Scasta, Univ. of Wyoming range specialist. https://www.westernfarmerstockman.com/beef/finding-sweet-spot-cow-size
Article by Kris Ringwall, NDSU beef specialist. https://www.drovers.com/article/beeftalk-finding-right-cow-size-not-simple
Article by Dillon Feuz and Jesse Russell, Colorado State University. http://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/agriculture/the-optimal-cow-size-for-intermountain-cow-calf-operations-3-767/
University of Florida article, Relationship of Cow Size to Nutrient Requirements and Production Management Issues. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an226

AoR 4: Fred Provenza, Matching Animal to Environment

The Art of Range is a podcast about rangelands for people who manage rangelands.  Our goal is education and conservation through conversation.  Find us online at www.artofrange.com.

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