Several years ago, today's guest Michael Feathers published a book called Working Effectively with Legacy Code. This book introduced ways of wrangling large codebases. In the book, Feather's discussed leveraging unit tests to introduce--not only a validation of correctness but also-- documentation on a system's operation, ways to decouple/modularize monolithic code, and 24 different techniques to introduce change safely. Today on the podcast, Wes Reisz and Michael Feathers go back and review the book. The two spend some time reviewing key concepts from the book and then discuss how the techniques can be applied today. The two wrap with a discussion on what might change in a new version of the book. 

Read a transcript of this interview:  https://bit.ly/3qREZrL

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Transcript

Michael Feathers: Looking Back at Working Effectively with Legacy Code

In this podcast Ted Young, director of developer education at Lightstep, sat down with InfoQ podcast host Daniel Bryant and discussed: observability (and the three pillars), the OpenTelemetry CNCF sandbox project and the 1.0 release, and how to build an effective telemetry collection platform.

Read a transcript of this interview:  https://bit.ly/3eWqJvF

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- April 13, 2021
- June 22, 2021
- July 20, 2021

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- May 17-28, 2021

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InfoQ Podcast

Ted Young on Observability and the Release of OpenTelemetry 1.0

In this podcast Matthew Clark, Head Of Architecture for the BBC's Digital Products, sat down with InfoQ podcast co-host Charles Humble and discussed: the new architecture for the BBC’s online services; the challenges of using Lambda functions including cold start-up, function chaining, debugging and setting the memory profile; the role of DevOps and CI/CD; and the nature of a cloud transformation.

Read a transcript of this interview:  https://bit.ly/3u2I8H5

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- April 13, 2021
- June 22, 2021
- July 20, 2021

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- May 17-28, 2021

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Matthew Clark on the BBC’s Migration from LAMP to the Cloud with AWS Lambda, React and CI/CD

In this podcast Anurag Gupta, founder and CEO of Shoreline.io, sat down with InfoQ podcast host Daniel Bryant and discussed: the role of DevOps and site reliability engineering (SRE), day 2 operations, and the importance of building observability into applications and platforms.

Read a transcript of this interview:  https://bit.ly/3mdMSHa

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- April 13, 2021
- June 22, 2021
- July 20, 2021

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- May 17-28, 2021

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Anurag Gupta on Day 2 Operations, DevOps, and Automated Remediation

An overview of how the InfoQ editorial team sees the Software Architecture and Design topic evolving in 2021, with a focus on what architects are designing for today.

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- June 22, 2021
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Software Architecture and Design InfoQ Trends Report—April 2021

The Open Policy Agent is used for policy decision-making across the stack. In the case of Kubernetes, it is often used as an admission controller to protect the API Server with dynamic rules that don’t require recompilation to introduce. Today on the InfoQ Podcast, Wes Reisz speaks with Tim Hinrichs and Torin Sandall (two of the Open Policy Agent Project creators). The three talk about the project, including things like architecture, origin, community, the policy language (Rego), and, of course, performance. The podcast is an introduction to how OPA can is used across the stack for policy decisioning.

Read a transcript of this interview:  https://bit.ly/3vkqboi

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- June 22, 2021
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- August 17, 2021

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- May 17-28, 2021

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Open Policy Agent (OPA) with the Project’s Co-Creators

The container runtime is software that executes containers and manages container images. Today, when many people think about a container runtime, they're likely thinking of Docker. However, Docker is more a set of tools for building, packaging, sharing, and running a container via Docker Daemon that then makes syscalls to another tool like containerd. Containerd, in turn, makes calls to an implementation like runc that lays down the file system for the container and is the executor for the process. Today, on The InfoQ Podcast Wes Reisz talks with Phil Estes, one of the containerd maintainers, about container runtimes. The two discuss the significance (in detail) of the announcement that dockerhsim will soon be deprecated in Kubernetes, the complete container runtime stack, work the Open Container Initiative (OCI) is doing today on a third container spec around registries, and more.

Read a transcript of this interview:  https://bit.ly/3uUdoZC

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- June 22, 2021
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- August 17, 2021

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- May 17-28, 2021

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Phil Estes on Containerd, K8s Deprecation of Dockershim, Container Runtime Architecture

In this podcast Ron Pressler, technical lead for Project Loom at Oracle, sat down with InfoQ podcast co-host Charles Humble to discuss the project and its forerunner Quasar.  Topics include the differences between concurrency and parallelism; what virtual threads are; current issues with JVM concurrency; the Loom developer experience; pluggable schedulers; structured concurrency; and more.

Read a transcript of this interview:  https://bit.ly/34duS7G

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- June 22, 2021
- July 20, 2021
- August 17, 2021

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Ron Pressler on Java Project Loom, Virtual Threads and Structured Concurrency

In this podcast, John DesJardin, Chief Technology Officer at Hazelcast, met with InfoQ podcast co-host Thomas Betts to discuss the idea of continuous intelligence. This is a paradigm shift from traditional business intelligence, and relies on a corresponding move from batch-based ETL and reporting to continuous processing of streaming data. Although the languages being used, such as Python and SQL, will be familiar, developers must pay special attention to the characteristics of time-series data, especially in near-real-time scenarios. We cover the current state of the tools and technologies in use, why companies are adopting continuous intelligence to remain competitive, and we even get a bit into what the future of data processing and analysis will look like.

Read a transcript of this interview:  https://bit.ly/3iDmQ0i

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- June 22, 2021
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- August 17, 2021

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John DesJardins on Continuous Intelligence and In-Memory Computing

In this episode of the InfoQ Podcast, Thomas Betts speaks with Chris Richardson about minimizing design-time coupling in a microservice architecture. Chris begins by defining design-time coupling, and contrasts it with runtime coupling. We then discuss some of the problems that arise from design-time coupling, anti-patterns and symptoms that are warning signs of high coupling, and the trade-offs that architects need to consider in their designs.

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- June 22, 2021
- July 20, 2021
- August 17, 2021

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Chris Richardson on Design-Time Coupling in Microservices

Observability is a crucial aspect of operating Microservices at scale today. 

Today on the InfoQ podcast, Wes Reisz speaks with Chronosphere’s CEO Martin Mao about how he thinks about observability. Specifically, the two discuss Chronosphere’s strategy for implementing a successful observability program. Starting with alerting, Martin discusses how metrics (usually things like RED metrics or Google’s Four Golden Signals) are tools to aggregate counts and let operators know when things are moving towards an incident. In stage two of this approach, operators begin to isolate and triage what’s happening in an effort to provide a quick system restoration. Finally, Martin talks about root cause analysis (RCA) in the final stage as a way of preventing what happened from happening again. Martin uses this three stage approach (and the questions that should be asked in each of these stages) as a way of focusing on what’s important (or reducing things like Mean Time to Recovery) in a modern cloud native architecture.

Observability is the ability to understand the state of a system by observing its outputs, on today’s podcast we talk about a strategy for implementing a meaning observability program.

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- July 20, 2021
- August 17, 2021

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Martin Mao on Observability, focusing on Alerting, Triage, & RCA

On this episode of the podcast, Fran Mendez, founder of the AsyncAPI Initiative spoke with co-host Thomas Betts. AsyncAPI is a specification and growing set of tools to help developers define asynchronous APIs, and build and maintain event-driven architectures. AsyncAPI hopes to provide features and benefits to those of OpenAPI (fka Swagger) for RESTful APIs. The specification and all tooling are community-driven and fully open source.

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- July 20, 2021
- August 17, 2021

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Fran Méndez on AsyncAPI

In this episode of the InfoQ podcast Charles Humble talks to Michael Perry about his book “The Art of Immutable Architecture”.  They discuss topics including the eight fallacies of distributed computing: a set of assertions made by L Peter Deutsch and others at Sun Microsystems describing false assumptions that programmers new to distributed applications invariably make. Other topics include Pat Helland’s paper “Immutability Changes Everything”, Eric Brewer's CAP Theorem, eventual consistency, location independent identity, and CRDTs.  They also discuss how the approach to building distributed systems advocated by Perry could be introduced to a real-world enterprise app that needs to integrate with mutable downstream systems.

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- August 17, 2021
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- October 19, 2021

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- November 1-5, 2021

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Michael Perry on Immutable Architecture, CAP Theorem, and CRDTs

This episode is a panel discussion from the microservices track QCon Plus, held in May 2021. Track host Nicki Watt asks "What have we learned over the last decade of microservices." The panelists included Chris Richardson, James Lewis, and Katie Gamanji. The discussion started with looking at how the meaning of "microservices architecture" has evolved over the past ten years. There were some great insights about how successfully developing, deploying, and maintaining software depends as much or more on cultural and environmental factors, than simply adopting microservices and all the tools and technology that now exist.

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- August 17, 2021
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- November 1-12, 2021

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What Have We Learned Over the Last Decade of Microservices?

An overview of how the InfoQ editorial team sees the AI, ML, and Data Engineering topic evolving in 2021. Topics discussed are deep learning, edge deployment of machine learning algorithms, commercial robot platforms, GPU and CUDA programming, natural language processing and GPT-3, MLOps, and AutoML.

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AI, ML and Data Engineering InfoQ Trends Report - August 2021

In this episode of the InfoQ podcast Charles Humble talks to Lucas Cavalcanti, a Principal Engineer at Nubank, which is the leading FinTech in Latin America and has become the most valuable digital bank in the world. They discuss Nubank’s early architectural choices including starting with Clojure and microservices, the challenges of using public cloud for financial services in Brazil, Nubank’s desire for immutable architecture and use of Alistair Cockburn's Hexagonal Architecture, and lessons learnt as the startup scaled.

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- September 21, 2021
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Lucas Cavalcanti on Using Clojure, Microservices, Hexagonal Architecture and Public Cloud at Nubank

In this podcast Alexander Matyushentsev, principle software engineer at Intuit and core engineer on the Argo CD and Argo Rollouts projects, sat down with InfoQ podcast host Daniel Bryant and discussed the Argo projects, continuous delivery with Kubernetes, and how platform teams can help developers embrace modern release techniques and related technologies.

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Alex Matyushentsev on Argo CD, Argo Rollouts, and Continuous Delivery with Kubernetes

In the podcast, Srini Penchikala spokes to Dr. Francesca Lazzeri on Machine Learning for Time Series Forecasting as the main topic which included automated machine learning and deep learning for time series data forecasting as well as other emerging trends in Machine Learning Development and Operations areas including Data Science Lifecycle.

Dr. Francesca Lazzeri currently works as Principal Cloud Advocate Manager at Microsoft. She is an experienced scientist and a machine learning practitioner with over 12 years of both academic and industry experience. She is the author of a number of publications, including technology journals, conferences, and books.

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- September 21, 2021
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Francesca Lazzeri on Machine Learning for Time Series Forecasting

In their upcoming book, Software Architecture: The Hard Parts, Neal Ford and Mark Richards explain that every architectural decision involves trade-offs, and provide guidance on how to evaluate those trade-offs. In this episode of the InfoQ Podcast, co-host Thomas Betts spoke with Neal and Mark about the role of a software architect and the skills necessary to be successful. One of the hardest parts is recognizing that there are no right or wrong answers, or easy decisions, and this can be especially challenging for those who come from a programming background.

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- September 21, 2021
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Neal Ford and Mark Richards - Software Architecture: The Hard Parts

In this episode, Thomas Betts speaks with Tammy Bryant Butow, principal SRE at Gremlin about training new site reliability engineers. The discussion covers a formal SRE Apprenticeship program Tammy led at DropBox, and gets into ideas about the best way to teach people new technical skills. There are benefits for the trainees, the mentors, and the company, when you put in the effort to create a formal training program.

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Tammy Bryant Butow on SRE Apprentices

In this episode of the InfoQ podcast Charles Humble talks to Sam Newman, an independent consultant focusing on microservices, cloud and CD, about the 2nd edition of Newman’s book Building Microservices, published by O’Reilly. They discuss information hiding; ideas from Domain Driven Design including aggregates, bounded contexts and ubiquitous language; UI decomposition; and team structure drawing on ideas from Team Topologies.

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- October 19, 2021

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Sam Newman on Information Hiding, Ubiquitous Language, UI Decomposition and Building Microservices

The WebAssembly Component Model is a language-neutral approach to building web assembly applications in small units that can be assembled into a larger application. Using the metaphor of lego blocks, Lin Clark (a Senior Principal Software Engineer at Fastly) discusses the background, roadmap, and design goals for creating the Web Assembly Component Model. Lin is a central figure working on Web Assembly (wasm), Web Assembly System Interface (WASI), and now Web Assembly Component Model. Today on the podcast, Lin and Wes talk web assembly and the work happening around developing the component model.

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- October 19, 2021

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Lin Clark on the Web Assembly Component Model

Dr. Rosaria Silipo is currently the head of data science evangelism at KNIME, spelled KNIME, the open-source data analytics platform. She is the author of 50+ technical publications, including books like “Codeless Deep Learning with KNIME,” “Practicing Data Science: A Collection of Case Studies” and “Guide to Intelligent Data Science.” She holds a doctorate degree in bioengineering and has spent more than 25 years working on data science projects for companies in a broad range of fields, including IoT, customer intelligence, financial services and cybersecurity. She also launched “Data Science Pronto!” 1-3 minute video explanations of data science concepts.

Read a transcript of this interview:  https://bit.ly/3Do4BD9

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- October 19, 2021

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Rosaria Silipo on Codeless Deep Learning and Visual Programming

Domain storytelling is a technique for understanding a business domain by relying on people’s natural ability to learn a new language by listening to other people speaking that language. In this episode of the podcast, Stefan Hofer and Henning Schwentner cover when to use domain storytelling, what is involved in the pictographic language, and how to have productive storytelling sessions. They go into far greater detail in their new book, Domain Storytelling.

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- October 19, 2021

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Domain Storytelling with Stefan Hofer and Henning Schwentner

Sustainable Software Engineering is an emerging discipline at the intersection of climate science, software, hardware, electricity markets, and data center design. In the most recent InfoQ Trends Report on architecture, the InfoQ team added designing for sustainability for the first time, suggesting that it's emerging because people are realizing that the software industry is responsible for a level of carbon usage comparable to that of the aviation industry. The question then is what can we do as individual developers and architects, if anything, and what role does the broader shift to the Cloud have?  Charles Humble explores the topic with Microsoft's Asim Hussain, green cloud advocacy lead and chair of the Green Software Foundation. They discuss techniques such as demand shifting, as well as the current challenges that the Green Software Foundation is aiming to address.

Read a transcript of this interview: https://bit.ly/3jyBEx8

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- April 4-6, 2022 / London, UK

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- Nov 1-12, 2021
- May 9-20. 2022

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- Feb 22, 2022
- June 21, 2022
- July 19, 2022
- August 23, 2022

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Microsoft's Asim Hussain on Designing Software for Sustainability and the Green Software Foundation

Producing television shows and movies at Netflix-scale (i.e. one new movie per week instead of one or two per year) means having a way to efficiently work with many artists and content creators. Netflix Workstations were created as a cloud-based solution to provide artists with secure access to the applications and content they need to complete their work. On this episode of the podcast Thomas Betts talks with Michelle Brenner about the benefits and trade-offs of the solution that enables artists to create from anywhere.

Read a transcript of this interview: https://bit.ly/3waeORz

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- May 9-20. 2022

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- Feb 22, 2022
- June 21, 2022
- July 19, 2022
- August 23, 2022

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Michelle Brenner Builds Netflix Workstations and Enables Artists to Create From Anywhere

Wes Reisz, Matthew Clark, Gwen Shapira, and Ian Thomas discuss the evolution of event-driven architectures over the decades, the advantages that EDA offers, and thoughts for the future.

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- Feb 22, 2022
- June 21, 2022
- July 19, 2022
- August 23, 2022

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Event Driven Architectures of Scale

In the podcast, I spoke with Meenakshi Kaushik and Neelima Mukiri from Cisco team on responsible AI and machine learning bias and how to address the biases when using ML in our applications.

Meenakshi Kaushik currently works in the product management team at Cisco. She leads Kubernetes and AI/ML product offerings in the organization. Meenakshi has interest in AI/ML space and is excited about how the technology can enhance human wellbeing and productivity.

Neelima Mukiri is a principal engineer at Cisco. She is currently working in Cisco's on-premise and software service container platforms.

Read a transcript of this interview: https://bit.ly/2ZiRswO

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- Feb 22, 2022
- June 21, 2022
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- August 23, 2022

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Meenakshi Kaushik and Neelima Mukiri on Responsible AI and Machine Learning Algorithm Fairness

Charles Humble discusses the design of the Ballerina programming language with its lead designer James Clark.  They discuss how the goals of the language inform a number of design choices including: the type system, error handling, the concurrency model, and the language’s built in support for visualization of program flows.

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- Feb 22, 2022
- June 21, 2022
- July 19, 2022
- August 23, 2022

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James Clark on How Ballerina Handles Network Interaction, Data, and Concurrency

Victor Dibia is a Research Engineer with Cloudera’s Fast Forward Labs. On today’s podcast, Wes and Victor talk about the realities of building machine learning in the browser. The two discuss the capabilities, limitations, process, and realities around using TensorFlow.js. The two wrap discussing techniques like Model distillation that may enable machine learning models to be deployed in smaller footprints like serverless.
 - While there are limitations in running machine learning processes in a resource constrained environment like the browser, there are tools like TensorFlow.js that make it worthwhile. One powerful use case is the ability to protect the privacy of a user base while still making recommendations. 
TensorFlow.js takes advantage of the WebGL library for its more computational intense operations.
 - TensorFlow.js enables workflows for training and scoring models (doing inference) purely online, by importing a model built offline with more tradition Python tools, and a hybrid approach that builds offline and finetunes online.
To build an offline model, you can build a model with TensorFlow Python (perhaps using a GPU cluster). The model can be exported into the TensorFlow SaveModel Format (or the Keras Model Format) and then converted with TensorFlow.js into the TensorFlow Web Model Format. At that point, the can be directly imported into your JavaScript. 
 - TensorFlow Hub is a library for the publication, discovery, and consumption of reusable parts of machine learning models and was made available by the Google AI team. It can give developers a quick jumpstart into using trained models.
 - Model compression promises to make models small enough to run in places we couldn’t run models before. Model distillation is a process where a smaller model is trained to replicate the behavior of a larger one. In one case, BERT (a library almost 500MB in size) was distilled to about 7MB (almost 60x compression).

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Show Notes

Victor Dibia on TensorFlow.js and Building Machine Learning Models with JavaScript

In this podcast, Daniel Bryant sat down with Katie Gamanji, Cloud Platform Engineer at Condé Nast International. Topics covered included: exploring the architecture of the Condé Nast Kubernetes-based platform; the importance of enabling self-service deployment for developers; and how the Kubernetes’ Federation API and Cluster API may enable more opportunities for platform automation.

 - Founded in the early 1900s, Condé Nast is a global media company that has recently migrated their application deployment platforms from individually-curated geographically-based platforms, to a standardised distributed platform based on Kubernetes and AWS.
 - The Condé Nast engineering team create and manage their own Kubernetes clusters, currently using CoreOS’s/Red Hat’s Tectonic tool. 
Self-service deployment of applications is managed via Helm Charts.  - The platform team works closely with their “customer” developer teams in order to ensure their requirements are being met.
 - The Kubernetes Federation API makes it easy to orchestrate the deployment of applications to multiple clusters. This works well for cookie-cutter style deployments that only require small configuration differences, such as scaling the number of running applications based on geographic traffic patterns.
 - The Cluster API is a Kubernetes project to bring declarative APIs to cluster creation, configuration, and management. This enables more effective automation for cluster lifecycle management, and may provide more opportunities for multi-cloud Kubernetes use.
 - The Condé Nast platform Kubernetes Ingress is handled by Traefik, due to the good Helm support and cloud integration (for example, AWS Route 53 and IAM rule synchronization). The platform team is exploring the use of service mesh for 2020.
 - Abstractions, interfaces, and security will be interesting focal points for improvement in the Kubernetes ecosystem in 2020.

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Katie Gamanji on Condé Nast’s Kubernetes Platform, Self-Service, and the Federation and Cluster APIs

In this podcast, Daniel Bryant sat down with Zhamak Dehghani, principal consultant, member of technical advisory board, and portfolio director at ThoughtWorks. Topics discussed included: the motivations for becoming a data-driven organization; the challenges of adapting legacy data platforms and ETL jobs; and how to design and build the next generation of data platforms using ideas from domain-driven design and product thinking, and modern platform principles such as self-service workflows.

Why listen to this podcast:

 - Becoming a data-driven organization remains one of the top strategic goals of many organizations. Being able to rapidly run experiments and efficiently analyse the resulting data can provide a competitive advantage.
 - There are several “architecture failure modes” within existing enterprise data platforms. They are centralized and monolithic. The composition of data pipelines are often highly-coupled, meaning that a change to the data format will require a cascade of changes throughout the pipeline. And finally, the ownership of data platforms is often siloed and hyper-specialized.
 - The next generation of enterprise data platform architecture requires a paradigm shift towards ubiquitous data with a distributed data mesh.
Instead of flowing the data from domains into a centrally owned data lake or platform, domains need to host and serve their domain datasets in an easily consumable way.
 - Domain data teams must apply product thinking to the datasets that they provide; considering their data assets as their products, and the rest of the organization's data scientists, ML and data engineers as their customers.
The key to building the data infrastructure as a platform is (a) to not include any domain specific concepts or business logic, keeping it domain agnostic, and (b) make sure the platform hides all the underlying complexity and provides the data infrastructure components in a self-service manner.


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Zhamak Dehghani on Data Mesh, Domain-Oriented Data, and Building Data Platforms

- A Micro frontends is an approach to developing frontends that attempts to take some of the same benefits from Microservices and apply them to frontend development.
 - Microfront ends can be developed with different technologies and ownership of components on a single view. However, DAZN took a vertical approach to build them. Each Micro frontend is loaded into an app shell that offers an API for crosscutting concerns. Only one Micro frontend is loaded at a time into the app shell.
 - The ‘Inverse Conway Maneuver’ recommends evolving your team and organizational structure to create the architecture you want.
 - DAZN derisks deployments by using canaries implemented with Lambda at the Edge on Cloudfront. For code deployments, each of the Micro frontends can be introduced with a limited scope and then expanded once proven stable.

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Luca Mezzalira on Micro Frontends at DAZN

Today on the podcast, we talk about LinkerD and the larger Service Mesh space with William Morgan (CEO of Buoyant). We cover William’s thoughts around important concerns such as latency and cost (both in your cloud bill and in real human costs) of operating services, we talk a bit about the birth and evolution of LinkerD (including some of the design decisions such as Rust in the data plane and Go in the control plane building Linkerd), and, finally, we’ll talk about the importance of security with service meshes (and how it should be reasoned).

Read a transcript of this interview:  https://bit.ly/2YqUjQw

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- Feb 16, 2021
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- May 17-28, 2021

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Service Meshes and Linkerd with William Morgan

Software engineers, architects and team leads have found inspiration to drive change and innovation in their team by listening to the weekly InfoQ Podcast. They have received essential information that helped them validate their software development map. We have achieved that by interviewing some of the top CTOs, engineers and technology directors from companies like Uber, Netflix and more. Over 1,200,000 downloads in the last 3 years.

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