Terri asks: "What if the skill is beyond your physical capability?"

http://first20hours.com

FIRST 20 HOURS - What if the skill requires physical training?

An introduction to the core skill acquisition method in THE FIRST 20 HOURS by Josh Kaufman.

http://first20hours.com

FIRST 20 HOURS - The Core Rapid Skill Acquisition Method

Steven asks: "For skills without appreciable and thus subjective goals (i.e. public speaking, networking), what is the best way to measure your progress in advancing and how can you become the best?"

http://first20hours.com

FIRST 20 HOURS - What about "ambiguous" skills like public speaking?

Luke asks: "In your opinion, do you believe that once I master the art of rapid skill acquisition, that I might be able to bestow this skill set onto my two year old daughter? I'd love to be able to give her insight into a lot of things before she gets bogged down with school in 3 years."

http://first20hours.com 

FIRST 20 HOURS - How can we help small children pick up skills?

Elliot asks: "Once new skills are acquired what do you think is the best way to "monetize" those skills (i.e., through a start-up, new job, etc.)?"

http://first20hours.com 
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Elliot writes: Once new skills are acquired, what do you think is the best way to monetize those skills like through a start-up or a new job? That's actually a really good question and it really goes into the whole idea of, which skills do you decide to pick up? what do you chose to focus on first if your objective is to improve your career in some way, so start a business, get a better job, etc.? 

So this actually comes back to one of the things that's at the core of my first book, The Personal MBA. There are only certain areas where skill gives you a direct business result from a career standpoint and that has to do with what I call "The Five Parts of Every Business," and very briefly, every single business does five things: and roughly in this order. 

So first they create something of value, something that other people want or need. Second, they market it, so they attract attention, they make people interested in that valuable thing is. The third is sales. So without some sort of transaction, the business can't exist. And so learning how to take someone who is interested in what you have to offer and actually convince them to pull out their wallet, check book, or credit card and say, "I'll take one" is a very different thing. 

So, sales is a huge skill. Value delivery, actually delivering what you promise to your paying customers in a way that makes them happy is a skill. And, finance. looking at the money that's flowing out of your business and the money that's flowing into it and answering two very important questions. 

First, is more money flowing in than is flowing out? if that's not the case you're in trouble. And second, is it enough? Is it enough to make all the time and energy and attention you're putting into the business worthwhile? If it is great. You're on the right track. If it's not, change something. 

So once you understand that that is at a very, very basic level how every single business works. You can use that understanding to acquire skills that will help you do those things in a more effective and more efficient way and it's important to understand that from a career context, the only things that directly get you paid either in the form of salary and promotion if you work for somebody else or in the form of more sales, more revenue, more profits into your business into your business if you want it yourself. 

Your ability to do things that impact one of those five areas is what gets you paid. So the skills that help you do that are what I call economically valuable skills. If you can improve those you can make a change to a business that will actually improve it, and if you improve the business you get paid more. 

And so, one of the things I recommend is if you're interested in career development focus on developing very strong skills in preferably all five of those areas. So, for example, you may say that for a particular type of business, learning the skill of copy writing, so writing a direct sales letter, something that convinces somebody that This is for them, and it's worth paying for, so you should do it now. 

That is a very, very valuable skill to acquire, because if you're able to do that in a great way, you can start your own business, or walk into another company and immediately provide results to the bottom line which is what comes down to. So anything that you do to focus on one of those 5 core areas of business. 

Value creation, marketing, sales, delivery finance, build those skills, and you end up building your career. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - How do you learn skills to build your career?

Omar asks: "What is the best approach for learning technical or very complex subjects, such as programming, network security, or day trading?"

http://first20hours.com 
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Omar asks: What is the best approach for learning technical or very complex subjects, such as programming, network security, or day trading? the advice here, and if you're curious about programming specifically, there's a chapter on Programming in Ruby in the first 20 hours. So that's a very specific case study. 

The best advice I can give you for very technical or complex subjects is you absolutely have to break it down into small parts. Otherwise you're going to get completely overwhelmed, particularly if it's a new area. So if you've never done something in the area of network security and you open up a random book on the subject, the entire thing is going to be gibberish and it's going to be super frustrating because you're not going to have anything that your mind can latch hold of as something that you can understand and start to break it down. 

So, the best advice I can give you is, instead of focusing on learning the global skill of network security decide that or figure out some very specific application. Why do you want to learn network security or programming or day trading in the first place? What What do you want to be able to do when you're done? 

The more specific you can make that. I call this the target performance level the more specific you can make that target performance level, the easier it will be to figure out how to practice that specific thing. So, for example, network security. If you interested in learning this for work, figure out a specific network or a specific program that you want to practice penetration testing, for example. 

Or look for specific vulnerabilities like cross-site scripting. Pick something very specific to focus on first, and then when you practice that, you will learn a lot in the process of that, and that will actually help you into other areas and use the same things that you learned in the first process of learning in the subsequent steps. 

So, break it down. Make it very, very specific what you want to be able to do and practice that specific thing first. Hope that helps! 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - How do you learn complex technical skills?

Mingming asks: "what do you think about online video courses, are they a better way to learn than reading books alone?"

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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Ming-Ming asks: What do you think about recent online video courses? Are those a better way of learning than reading books? It actually depends on the skill that you want. to learn. So Ming-Ming asks about programming specifically or IT type topics. Where there are a lot of courses that in a couple days can really guide you through a topic It actually depends very much on the topic you're studying. 

So if there are good, focused courses that are designed to get you a result quickly. They can be fantastic. For example, when I was in the process of learning Ruby, I found an online course it was called PeepCode. I think it was put together by Dan Benjamin, who now runs the 5by5 podcasting network but he's also a programmer. 

And he put together this really nice short course that was an introduction to Sinatra. Those types of things can be really, really great. So, if you find a course that meshes with your target performance level, so it's designed to get you the result that you're looking for and it is reasonably compact so it's something that you can go through in a couple hours as opposed to a couple weeks, then fantastic. absolutely use those resources. I think the disadvantage about a lot of courses is they can be overly academic, so focused on having you memorize bunch of information instead of practice the thing you want to get good at. 

I think the other thing too, it's much harder to skim through a course than it is through a book. So one of the things that I like about picking up books or those types of printed resources is that you can go through a lot of them in a short period of time. So, if you pick up three to five books on a topic, you can skim through all of them and really see the ideas and the concepts and the techniques that come up over and over again, which is a very clear signal that those things are really important. 

And with a course, particularly longer courses, it's much more difficult to do that type of early research. So, in general, I tend to look for the books and similar sorts of resources first but if I can find a good course or I can find a good instructor and those things are designed to bring me to the result I want as quickly as possible. 

Then absolutely. Use the courses, use the resources. Find the instructors. It really is a judgement call. based on what it is you want to do. Hope that helps 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - Are courses helpful for rapid skill acquisition?

Mohammad asks: "I consider myself an information junky. I buy books, information products/programs, trying to learn new skills and start new businesses all at the same time. Obviously, nothing happens and I do not learn anything... I get overwhelmed and do not take any action... HELP!!!!!"

http://first20hours.com 
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Muhammad says, I consider myself an information junkie. I buy books, information products, programs, trying to learn new skills, start new businesses all at the same time. Obviously, nothing happens and I don't learn anything simply because I get overwhelmed, and I don't take any action. Help. 

Mohammad I'm really glad you
 brought this up because this is the problem. 

This is something holds all of us back to a certain extent. We all have a lot of things that we want to learn, and those thing typically take take. So one of the best things things that you can do and I totally feel you here because I am of the personality and mindset that there are thousands that I want to learn all at the same time, and so it's very easy to kind of have shiny things object syndrome right? 

Oh, I want to learn this and then I want to learn this. I want to learn this. And you bounce around and never really spend time getting good at anything. And so there are a couple things that really help in this regard. The first is focusing on one skill at a time. And this is very difficult until you do something very specific which is helpful. 

It's something David Allan talks about in his really great book Getting Things Done. He calls it a someday maybe list. So instead of just keeping track of all the things that you want to learn in your head, write them down. Put it on a sheet of paper. And when you put something on your someday maybe list, it absolves you of responsibility for doing it right now. 

So if there's something on that list that you want to promote to an active project, fantastic. You can make that decision. But once it goes on the someday, maybe list, you have it captured. You're not going to forget about it. and you can say, "I'm not focused on this right now. I'm going to do that later when it becomes a priority." So I highly recommend, just take out a sheet of paper, write down all the things that you would someday maybe like to do and choose one of them. 

So go through that list and figure out, what is the thing that I'm either going going to get the most enjoyment out of? Or is going to help me in my career? Or whatever is the most important thing for you right now. Promote that one to active status and let the rest of them wait, okay? The second is the idea of pre-committing 20 hours. 

So when you decide to promote something to active status, ask yourself am I willing to set aside at least 20 hours over the course of the next month to practice this thing? If not, it's probably not so important, so you can scratch that off your list and pick up something that is important enough for you to make that commitment and the whole idea of practising twenty hours is very simple. It's short enough that it's not going to suck up your entire life, right, so it's easy to commit to. But it's long enough that you will see some very real, sometimes very dramatic results in that early part of practice. So pre-committing to at least 20 hours of deliberate practice, helps you practice long enough that you can see results. 

So, I would highly recommend take out a sheet of paper and make a someday maybe list and pick one. And figure out where you're going to practice and how you're going to practice and spend an initial 20 hours. And let me know how it goes. I'm really looking forward to hearing what you decide to learn. 

Thanks. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - How can I stop being an information junkie?

Nichelle asks: "How can you used rapid skill acquisition/accelerated learning to study for certification exams? Is it actually possible to spend only 20 hours studying and capture a whole exam syllabus in depth, in order to write and pass the exam?"
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Michelle asks, "How can you use Rapid Skill Acquisition or Accelerated Learning to study for certification exams? Is it possible to spend only 20 hour studying and capture a whole exam syllabus in depth in order to write and pass the exam?" This is actually something, it's important and to make this distinction. 

A lot of the things that we talk about in Rapid Skill Acquisition or in the First 20 Hours definitely help in this area? But this isn't the focus of the First 20 Hours. The focus is practicing things where some level of performance actually matters. So it's not necessarily recall on a test. It's not necessarily writing an exam. 

It is being able to do something in the world when performance of that thing matters. Now, a lot of the concepts do overlap in terms of academic study skills. So things like deconstructing a complex concept into smaller parts, making sure you understand the most important parts of the concept and you're able to explain it. 

So this is not my particular area of expertise. A lot of the things overlap, but I will point you in two extremely productive directions. So two gentlemen that I have the privilege of knowing where this is their specialty. The first is Scott Young. So Scott H. Young runs a website all about study skills, accelerated learning, specifically in an academic context. 

And just as a proof that he knows what he's talking about, he went through the entire MIT computer science program online in less than a year and passed all of the exams and learned a lot in a very short period of time, using a lot of the skills that he talks about. One of my favorites that he talks about is what he calls the Feynman named after the famous physicist, Richard Feynman, where if you really want to make sure that you really understand a particular concept pretend like you're teaching it to somebody else. 

Take out a single sheet of paper, and explain that concept, where it comes from, how it works, how it connects to other things as clearly as possible. If you're not able to do that, you probably don't understand the concept, so just the process of going through that exercise clues you in on the parts of the concept that you don't really [xx], so those are the things you should focus on studying. 

Another gentleman I highly recommend paying attention to, his name is Cal Newport runs a website, calnewport.com where he talks about academic study skills and is now branching into other forms of, actually his latest book, So Good They Can't Ignore You, talks about the idea of practice and mastery is well 

worth reading in its own right. So, yeah, definitely look at Scott Young's material, definitely look at Cal Newport's material because they have a lot more specific things to say about how to use these types of techniques in an academic study context. Hope that helps. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - What about academic study skills?

Soujanna asks: "I want to learn something that I am interested in (say, video color grading/color correction). But I know nothing of it... How do I begin? Don't I need to know something to start?"

http://first20hours.com 
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Sujanna asks, "I want to learn something that I'm interested in but I know nothing of it. I barely know what I'm supposed to do. So how do I get started? What do I do?" This is where the idea of researching just enough to start practicing really comes in handy. And so if you know absolutely nothing about the topic or the skill that you're trying to learn, the very best thing that you can do is go to the bookstore or go to an online bookseller and look for somewhere between 3 and 5 books on a particular topic. 

And get all of them. Borrow them all from the library. Buy them all. Reviews from readers are very helpful in this context because they can give you a clue of did this book actually help the reader perform something. Learn how to do something. instead of just being an interesting book on the topic. 

So when you pick up 3 to 5 resources, the goal is to go through the all as quickly as possible so skimming versus deep breathing. And what you're looking for are ideas, concepts and techniques that come up over and over over and over again. Those are really good indication that those are the things that you should pay attention to first or find more information about. 

So one of the things that I just learned how to do was shoot video, so basics of cinematography. And that was everything, I didn't even have a camera. I didn't have editing software. I didn't have anything, and so I picked up a couple of really great books on how to shoot video. And that helped me figure out, okay, what are the sort of equipment that I'm going to need? What software am I going to need? 

There are actually a couple of parts in the editing process that I didn't even really fully understand. So when you're shooting video you need to make sure that the color profile is set to be neutral, because in post-production when you're doing things like color grading and color correction, the footage that you shoot at the beginning affects how you can grade it, or how you can correct it to make those colors really pop during the editing process. 

So, those types of very basic procedures and techniques and then some of the tools. So, use this sort of camera; use this sort of field monitor; use this sort of editing software; use this sort of color correction. So, I used a software program called Magic Building Blocks to do the color, the grading color correction. 

Those types of things I wouldn't have known, or I wouldn't have understood unless I, before jumping into practice, did a very brief survey of the resources that existed about the topic. And that allowed me to break down the skill and really understand. What are all the parts of this thing and where do I need to look next in terms of really figuring out what camera to buy and what software to get. 

So if you know absolutely nothing about the topic the very best thing you can do, find 3 to 5 really good books, or other resource on the topic or find an instructor who can help you and do that little bit of research to really kind of orient yourself to the topic. Once you've done that, it becomes much easier to figure out where to go from there. 

Hope that helps. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - Where do I start if I don't know where to begin?

Rodrigo asks: "I would like to know the fastest way to learn to play the guitar. What should I put aside and what should I practice first. Is it similar to the ukulele? What would help me pass the frustration barrier ASAP?"&#13;
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http://first20hours.com 
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Rodrigo asks, I would like to know the fastest way to play the guitar. What should I put aside and what should I practice first? Is it similar to the ukelele? What would help me pass the frustration barrier as soon as possible? Actually, playing the guitar is very, very similar to playing the ukulele, so you could use the same techniques, the same process that I use in the ukulele chapter of The First 20 Hours as a practice guide. 

It's kind of funny because an ukelele, when you actually look at it, is the same thing as a guitar. If you put a capo, so something that bars the fifth fret of a guitar, if you put a capo the fifth fret and you ignore the top two strings, so the two lowest strings on the guitar, you're basically playing the ukulele. 

It's very very similar. You're just dealing, in the case of a guitar, with two more strings, which can give a much, a much nicer sound in some cases if you're playing lots of chords. But it's also two more strings to keep track of. So, what I would recommend there if you don't have a guitar get one cause you need it to practice. 

Make sure you have a good tuner and then focus on learning the most common chords in songs first, and practice playing the chord from memory, switching between the chords, and then experiment with different strumming patterns and there are all sorts of different ways to do this. There are a lot of tutorials you can find online for guitar strumming patterns and chord charts and all of those things. 

But if you focus your first 20 hours on learning the most common chords, practicing switching between them automatically and learning very basic strumming and finger picking patterns, you can play the vast majority of songs without a whole lot of effort. So have fun! Hope that helps. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - How do I learn to play the guitar?

Gerwin asks: "What would be your tips for learning a new language?
How should I approach it? What are your recommendations?"

http://first20hours.com 

RESOURCES:
http://livemocha.com
http://duolingo.com
http://vis-ed.com
http://memrise.com
http://ankisrs.net
http://smartr.be
http://supermemo.com
http://fluentin3months.com
http://towerofbabelfish.com
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Gerwin asks, "What would be your tips for learning a new language? How should I approach it? What are your recommendations?" Good question, Gerwin. This is actually one of the most common questions that I've been getting, so hopefully this answer will help a lot of people. Learning a language, you can learn a language using the same core method that I teach in the first 20 Hours. 

So the core ideas of defining what you want, breaking it down into smaller parts, doing a bit of research, practicing the most important things first, removing barriers to practice and committing to twenty hours totally works for languages. One of the reasons, and this is a common question I get about the case studies in the book. 

I did not learn a new language for the 20 hours, and the reason for that was very simple. At this point in my life, based on what is important to me right now, learning a new language really wasn't a pressing sort of thing. So, totally could have done it but for me it would have been a very academic sort of exercise and one of the things that's really important to understand is is that you learn best what you are interested in most. 

So if learning a new language has you really jazzed right now, and there's some specific thing you want to do with the language now is a really great time to learn it. If it is something that is it's more of a curiosity or you don't intend to do anything with it you're probably going to have some difficulties. 

Because learning a language is a very complicated complex, complicated skill. So that being said, if you're really jazzed about learning languages, there are a couple of things that I highly recommend. The first thing that you absolutely need to do is define your target performance level. What does it look like for you, for example, to learn Chinese or learn German or learn Spanish or learn English or, you know, learn whatever language you want to learn. That statement, learning a language, is very unspecific. It doesn't really help you do anything. You need to make sure you understand what specifically do you want to be able to do? Do you want to go to a country and be able to speak with the locals? 

Do you want to read a book in a particular language, or read papers or studies? I know a lot of people who learn languages for academic reasons. If research papers are published in another language, you have a major advantage if can understand that research in it's original context. So what specifically do you want to be able to do when you're done? The more specific you're able to make that, the easier learning a language is going to be. The second is, and part of that target performance is learning a language, speaking that language and conversing with somebody who is able to, or conversing with somebody or communicating with somebody in that language verbally, or do you want to learn how to read and write? 

They're very different things. But usually when we talk about learning a language, we automatically assume both. In the case of learning something from scratch, it's way better to deconstruct learning a language into learning to speak and understand and learning to write and read. They're very different things. 

You practice them in different ways. Now if you want to learn how to speak a language. There are a bunch of really valuable resources now that can help you do that in a very efficient way. If you want to learn how to speak and converse you need to practice speaking and conversing with a real person. 

Sounds like common sense, but a lot of people, when they want to learn how to speak a language, they pick up a book on grammar. No, don't do that. You need to start speaking and trying to converse with a real person as quickly as possible. There are a bunch of websites that help you do this. One of the ones that caught my eye is a website called livemocha.com. 

 It hooks you up with other people who actually can speak that language and it's basically one-on-one conversation style tutoring. I'm looking at the website right now, and they have 38 different languages. So, you can go to Livemocha, you check out all of the languages that they offer and participated in live, instructor led classes or one on one conversations really, really excellent tool if you want to speak. If you want to write, there's similarly a very interesting website called duolingo.com. Duolingo, does the same thing for writing. Helps you learn the language in the context in which you want to use it, which is reading and writing and doing translation. 

So two really great websites there a couple of other additional tools. One of the interesting things about languages is just like everything else, you use a very small percentage of the total words in a language the vast majority of time. That's a great example of the 80-20 principle or Praetor's [sp] law or the critical few, however you prefer to refer to that idea. 

So for example in English, the top 25 words in English account for somewhere between 30 and 40 percent of actual usage. So if you want to speak and write in English you should probably learn those words first and every language follows the general pattern. So it's helpful to be able to deconstruct the language and learn the most important words and phrases first. 

And there's actually a really excellent set of language flash cards. If you go to vis-ed.com, that's vis-ed.com,you can see these decks of flash cards that this company vis-ed has put together. And they've done the frequency analysis for you. And so you can pick up, so, for example, if you want to learn how to speak a right Arabic, you can pick up a set of Arabic vocabulary words that contain the most common words and phrases that you need to know. They've done the analysis for you. They're very reasonably priced. It's a great tool to make the learning process much much easier. So there are lots of tools, livemocha, duolingo, viz-ed flashcards. There is a website called Memrise. 

That's m-e-m-r-i-s-e.com. Wonderful tool to help you use space repetition and reinforcement to learn common words and phrases very quickly. Similar space repetition tools like Anki or Super Memo or Smarter can help you practice if there's a certain amount of memorization that you need to do. So that can help you do that in a very efficient way. 

So basically how that works is you're going through flashcards. If something is easy, you tell the program easy and it doesn't show it to you very often. If something is difficult, you'll see it way more often. As a result, you'll practice the things that you have the most difficulty with most. It's a really efficient way to practice. 

So that is a general method of deconstructing and making sure you know what you're trying to do and you practice the things that are going to help you most effectively. Now, this is not my particular area of expertise, so I want to direct you to two people who are really, really good at this. The first gentleman I want to introduce you to is Benny Lewis, who runs a website called fluentin3months.com. 

And Benny, he's a fascinating guy. He travels all over the world and he has come up with a method to train himself how to speak and write a language fluently in three months. That's going from knowing absolutely nothing to being able to converse with people and actually pass fluency sorts of tests extremely quickly. 

So fluentin3months.com, there's a lot of free information about how Benny recommends you learn how to speak a language. Now, one of the things that I'm not super thrilled about in terms of Benny's method is it's a little too immersive intensive for me. It relies on you really making language the focus of what you do for an extended period of time. 

So if you have three months to spare, you can totally go through the fluentin3months program and get a lot out of it. In terms of other methods there's a gentleman by the name of Gabriel Whiner, and he runs a website called towerofbabelfish.com. And Gabriel is actually an opera singer and so one of the reasons that he wanted to learn languages is he uses them for his work. 

He needs to be able to sing in Italian and French and German. And so he came up with a way, a method of using space repetition and using specific study techniques to be able to speak a language as quickly as possible. And, you know, some of his tricks has a really good tutorial of how to do this on towerbabelfish.com. 

But you know starting with pronunciation and starting with pictures, so not translating things per say but coding the mental images into words and then using space repetition to build vocabulary over time ends up being a very efficient way to learn a language quickly. So I would recommend check out Benny's stuff, check out Gabriel's stuff and they will give you a ton of information that will help you pick up a new language as quickly as possible. 

Hope it helps. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - How do you learn a new language?

Andy asks: "Do you have any advice for rapid learning of technology and specifically a particular software package like Excel? Why do some people seem to know the whole set of features and other (like me) only ever really know about 10% of what is possible?"

http://first20hours.com 
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FIRST 20 HOURS - How do you learn complex software programs?

Avi asks: "What is your favorite skill that you acquired through your method?"

http://first20hours.com 
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Avi asks, what is your favorite skill that you acquired through your method? I actually have a couple of favorite skills. In terms of sheer usefulness, learning how to program has been so awesome in so many ways, because one of the things that I do, and do intentionally is, I am a one person business. 

I don't have employees, I don't have long term contractors, I don't have staff. The whole operation is me and I work with a publisher. I have an agent. So, there are people that I collaborate with but when work needs to get done in my business that falls on my lap. And so when you're running a business, there are a lot of very repetitive things that you have to do all the time. 

And if you have to do that yourself every single day it gets old really fast. It sucks up your entire day. And so, learning how to program, being able to look at my business and say here's a repetitive thing that I don't really want to deal with, can I create a system to do that for me, has been so awesome. 

So, my entire business now runs on software that I wrote. I am continuing to develop new programs to make life easier and to serve my readers, serve my customers better. So, programming in terms of sheer usefulness has been awesome. I'm really enjoying playing the ukelele. I've continued to do that since since doing the research and writing The First 20 Hours. 

And now that I know the basics, I'm starting to do more complicated stuff, so more complex fingerpicking patterns, and playing individual notes and riffs, and licks. And, I actually just got a phrase looper. So, something that you can record a sample and then the looper plays it back over again. So, you can basically play layered music by yourself. 

Super, super cool. Actually, if you go to first20hours.com/ukelele you can see the bonus page. There's an example of a musician, Johnny Luminati from Walk Off the Earth, playing Grenade by Bruno Mars by himself using a looper. It's really fun and very impressive. So I'm looking forward to sitting down and learning how to do that. 

It's so fun. Those are probably my two favorites. I'm spending a lot of time, it's wind surfing season again now. So I am spending a lot of time on the water, getting back into that. And it's a little difficult because during the winter you can't really you go out unless hypothermia is high on your list of things you want to experience in life. 

So now that the water has warmed up, spending time on the water and enjoying being out, sailing around on a surf board. Super fun. So I would say of all the things that I learned in this process, those are the favorites. at this point. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - What are your favorite skills?

Byron says: "As a young business professional with a young family and budding career, finding time is at a premium; but finding the best things to spend that time on is even more difficult. I'm finding it hardest to focus on just a couple of areas of interest... narrowing down what to start with is my issue."

http://first20hours.com 
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Byron asks, as a young business professional with a young family and budding career finding time is at a premium but finding the best things to spend that time on is even more difficult. I'm finding it hardest to focus on just a couple of areas of interest. Narrowing down what to start with is my issue. 

Oh, Byron, I hear you. This is a big problem for me, too. It's a problem if you're interested in lots of things at the same time. I think the biggest thing. There are a couple of tricky ways to help your brain figure out what's actually most important. One of my favorites is just list all of the things that you want to learn and then, ask yourself the question: If I could only do half of these things, which ones would I keep? 

And which am I going to save for later? So, cut the list in half. Then when you cut the list in half, cut it in half again, and cut it in half again, and cut it in half again, until you're down to anywhere between 1 and 3 skills. If you have a difficult time cutting it from there, just choose something at random. 

Seriously. If your brain is not giving you a clear indication that this is really the most important thing for you to focus on right now. Just choose one, because by going through the process of putting twenty hours into it, it's not that big of a commitment. You can do that in a relatively short period of time, a couple days, a couple weeks, up to a month. 

And if you focus your time on that skill, you'll develop a really good level of skill in a short period of time, and then you can move on to the next thing. If that appears to be the best way to move forward. So, cut it down as much as you can, and then if your brain starts having difficulties on choosing one, just pick one at random. 

It is sometimes very emotionally difficult to just focus on one thing at a time. But, what it comes down to, it's just math. If you only have a certain amount of time every day to set aside and learn something new, and you spread that across twenty different things. No individual skill's getting enough attention to really improve. 

So, even though it may feel good, you want to explore everything at the same time, it is way in your best interest to just focus on one thing at a time, spend the time, improve as much as you can, and if you get what you want go explore something else. Hope this helps. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS -  How do you choose which skill to acquire first?

Edith says: "This will be rather silly: at the ripe age of 35 I am ready to get a driver's license! Unlike languages, this involves operating a piece of equipment! Will the method be able to help me learn to drive and more importantly, pass the driver's license test?"&#13;
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http://first20hours.com 
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Edith says, this will be rather silly. At the ripe age of thirty-five, I'm ready to get a driver's license. Unlike languages, this involves operating a piece of equipment. Will the method be able to help me learn to drive and, more importantly, pass the driver's license test? Absolutely, and what I really like about this particular skill is your target performance level is very clearly defined, right? 

You want to be able to drive a car. You want to be able to do it safely and the outcome is you're going to pass the driver's license test at the end. So, you're already in really good shape. The couple of things that I would focus on right now. You're operating a piece of machinery so there are certain fundamental functions that you are going to use all the time. 

Right? So, getting the feel for acceleration and breaking. Getting the feel for turning both ways. If you may be driving an automatic transmission or a manual transmission. So, if it's manual, getting used to the feel of when to shift and how to shift without grinding gears or stalling the car. So, just break it down into those very small sub-components. 

And the easiest thing to do is what driver's education programs, for decades, have been doing. Go find an open parking lot in a school or a shopping mall or whatever and just spend time getting comfortable with the feel of doing all of the fundamental things: acceleration, breaking turning and sometimes shifting. And so one of the things, learning progresses typically through three three distinct phases which are well supported in the research literature. 

And the phases are the cognitive stage, the associative stage, and the automatic stage. So, the cognitive stage is where you're really thinking about everything. You have to be like okay, I'm going to shift now. How do I do that? It's really slow. It's very cumbersome. It's why the early hours of learning how to do anything are really frustrating. 

You have to think a lot about it. But once you get to a certain point your brain starts making certain connections. So, your brain may make a connection between how the motor sounds or what the car feels like and you make the connection of okay, I need to shift now. Your brain starts to do that automatically and that happens after a couple hours of practice. 

Now, after a certain amount of time in the associative stage, and it's usually not very long, your brain starts making things automatic. So, it gets the pattern. It understands what needs to be done. You don't need to think about it and all of a sudden you start doing things automatically without having to hyper focus on it. 

So, the biggest thing is focus on the core sub-skills and practice enough. And this type of training will be very, very repetitive. But what the repetition is designed to do is get you to the automatic phase as you quickly as you possibly can. So, good luck with your driving test. I hope it goes well and let us know how it goes! 

Thanks! 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - How do I learn how to drive?

Fratello asks: "Does your method apply to unlearning fear, like social fears or shyness?"

http://first20hours.com 
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Fratello [xp] asks, does your method apply to unlearning fear, like social fear or shyness? Sure. anything that is a skill, and social skills fall into this category, anything that you can practice in a way that will make you better at performing in real world context you can use this method for. 

So social skills, like speaking, like making introductions, like keeping conversation asking interesting questions, those are all things that you can practice and get better at using this method. And so I would recommend and being very specific on the type of thing that you want to practice. Is it speaking in public? 

Is it going up to a person and introducing yourself? is it maintaining an interesting conversation by asking questions? What is it specifically you want to work on first, and then There are thousands of books and resources that are really good that can help you with any one of these particular skills, so I would recommend get 3-5 book or resources on the specific sub-skill you want to improve first and then the key: Learn the most important concepts which in social situations are usually quite simple, but they may be counter intuitive. 

So learn the principles and then spend as much time as possible actually going out and talking with other people. And depending on your personality, if you tend to extroversion, this may be really fun for you. If you tend to to have introvertive patterns like I do, this may require a lot of energy. 

But the practice is the same. You spend a lot of time talking with people interacting in social situations where you actually have to use these skills on a regular basis. So, definitely possible to social skills using this method and I'm looking forward to hearing how it goes. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS -  How do I pick up social skills?

Gerwin asks: "How should I approach learning physical skills like classic dancing?"

http://first20hours.com 
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Gerwin asks, how should I approach learning physical skills like classic dancing? Good question. A couple of things. First, it depends on what type of classic dancing you're talking about. If it's a partner dance, like tango, you obviously need to have a partner and you need to have some place to dance. And if you don't have those things it's going to be really difficult to sit down and practice the skills that you need to know. 

And so, first is finding a partner that is able and willing to practice with you, finding a place to dance so you can actually practice the skills you need. And in this case I would highly, highly recommend searching for a local instructor to do an intensive, you know, anywhere between 1 and 3 hour course right at the beginning. 

And I recommend that for a couple of reasons. First, an instructor can help you break down the dance into its component parts. So, in classical partner dancing, for example, one person usually leads and the other follows. And leading and following is a particular skill. You have to learn how to do that. 

I've taken a lesson once, it is not an intuitive thing. So, an instructor can help you break it down. It's also for motor skills, gross motor skills, like dancing. At the beginning, it's very difficult to self-correct because you may think your body is doing something and when somebody looks at you from the outside, you may be something very, very different and not realize it. 

So for movement-type skills, it's very useful to work with an instructor that can watch you in the process of practicing and can correct things you don't even notice. So for example in the first twenty hours of the book when I was learning yoga I was working with an instructor who happened to be my wife Kelsey, but she was able to tell me that I was doing certain things that I didn't even realize, so working with an instructor, doing an intensive, having them help you break it down and watch you as you're practicing will help you practice that much better. 

Hope that helps. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - Can I learn how to dance?

Jon says: "I can see how the approach may work better for something like learning to play a musical instrument or learn another language. How would you apply it to something less concrete like critical thinking skills, communication skills, or in my case commodity research skills?"

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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
John says, "I can see how the approach may work better for something like learning to play a musical instrument or learn another language, but would you apply it to something less concrete like critical thinking skills, communication skills, or in my case commodity research skills?" The answer to this question is that each of those things that you mentioned, 

critical thinking skills, communication skills or commodity research skills are way to broad of a topic to be useful. So the first step in all of these cases is to identify when you say "commodity research skills," what does that really mean? what are you trying to do? When you find the level of skill or you build the level of skill that you're looking for, what is it precisely that you're going to be able to do? 

What's the outcome? The more clearly you can define the outcome, what it actually looks like to perform this thing that you want to do in the real world, it's way easier to break it down, deconstruct the necessary sub-skills, and start practicing in a smart way. Same thing goes for critical thinking. 

Same thing goes for communication. Decide exactly what you want to be able to do and then focus your practice on the things that will help you get there most directly. Hope this helps. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - What about "less concrete" skills?

Miguel asks: "Do you know any method to memorize concepts quicker? I'm learning English and right now I have to learn a lot of words."

http://first20hours.com 
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Miguel asks, "Do you know any method to memorize concepts quicker? I'm learning English right now I have to learn a lot of words." Yes, if specifically for skills that require memorization, like learning languages, there's a particular technique called spaced repetition and reinforcement, and you can think of it as a combination between flashcards, you know the classic question on one side, answer on the other type of flashcards you might have used to study in school. 

But it's usually done in software. And what the software does is it combines that with the feedback mechanism. So, if you do the flashcard and you get it wrong, you tell the system you get it wrong, and it will show it to you again. If you get it right and it's easy for you to get it right, it will show to you less often. 

So it uses a very simple algorithm on the back end to calculate which cards you need to see, how often, to make sure those things stay fresh in your memory. There are a bunch of different that help you do that. A couple of the most popular ones are software programs called ANKI, SuperMemo, Memorize, Smarter. 

There are a lot of them out there. And I would highly recommend, particularly for language learning but anything that requires a lot of memorization, use space repetition and reinforcement, both to help you deconstruct the skill, so you in most cases you need to construct the set of flashcards that you're going to use. 

Which is a form of deconstruction. Right? You're studying what needs ot be done and putting that down on paper is a really good way to deconstruct and learn the skill at the beginning. And then use space repetition and reinforcement to study those concepts in a way that will help you memorize them as quickly as possible. 

Good luck 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - How do I memorize things?

Nathan asks: "How do you think this 20 hour system can apply to fledgling authors? What do you think are the first few fundamental 20 hour batches of skills/competencies to acquire to start the journey into being an author?"

http://first20hours.com 
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Nathan asks, "How do you think this 20-hour system can apply to fledgling authors? What do you think are the first few fundamental 20-hour batches of skills or competencies to acquire to start the journey into being an author?" Really good question. There's a couple of things that I would say. Being an author is a very broad thing, so the first thing that I would ask is what are you interested in writing? 

Are you interested in writing fiction, telling stories? Are you interested in writing non-fiction? So things to help people understand the world in a new and interesting way or things that help other people, help the reader get a particular result? The types of skills that you need to develop to do each of those things is often quite different. 

So be very, very specific about what type of writing or authorship you're really interested in exploring at first. The big thing, and I have the most experience in writing non-fictions, specifically how-to type non-fiction. So, the intended result of all of the things that I write, I want to help the reader learn how to do something really cool, and get a good result for themselves in some way. 

The Personal MBA was helping people understand business so they can go start one or improve the business that they're working in in a very tangible way. The first 20 hours is about helping the reader do something cool for them. Learn some new skill that they've always been interested in learning. And so with that goal in mind, there are a lot of things that you can practice that help you get to a satisfying result, which is a book that helps people in my case. A couple of different things; there's a skill in being able to describe something in a way that another person can understand what you're talking about without being in your head. And so I think one of the biggest things that you need to train yourself as an author in any case is when we write down something and we're reading it ourselves, we know exactly what we mean by what we write. Often when you show it to somebody else they don't understand what you meant by something. So getting comfortable with the process of trying to anticipate what a reader who is not you is going to think or come away with from a piece of writing is really, really important, because if you're going to have the outcome you want other people need to understand what you're saying, as clearly as possible. 

The second big sub-skill within writing was structure. So, understanding how to structure a book that hangs together, that's cohesive. One part flows into the next in a logical way and it all comes together to create that result that you're looking for. This was something that I had to practice a lot. 

And I spent well over 20 hours figuring out how to put together a structure that works for personal MBA. I went through nine or ten revision of the structure of the book, sometimes throwing away a ton of material because it just wasn't coming together in the way that it needed to. I think if I, looking back, if I had to go back, I would spend way more time on the structure at the beginning because that has to be solid or the book just falls apart. 

So structuring the book, making sure everything hangs together, is critically important. You can spend a good bit of time just practicing doing that. The third thing that I would say is the vast majority of writers, both fiction writers and non-fiction writers, underestimate, they'll spend a lot of time improving their writing skills but they spend very little time improving their marketing or their sales skills, and that's a mistake. 

Because if you're writing something that's intended for public consumption, the worst thing that can possibly happen is you spend years creating a book and nobody reads it. And so the biggest thing you can do to help yourself become a successful author is learn how to market your work. Learn how to attract attention. 

Learn how to make people interested and learn how to sell the book in a way that encourages people to pick it up and give it a go. Writing books without readers is not fun. So anything that you can do, copyrighting the basics of online marketing, so setting up a website, collecting email addresses providing information that keeps people interested in what you're doing for a long period of time. 

All of those things are going to be absolutely instrumental when your book is finally be ready for public consumption. And the better you get at that, the larger the audience you have and the more opportunities to write you have. Hope this helps. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS -  Can I learn to be a successful author?

Phil asks: "Does this [method] work best for entirely new skills, or can it be used on things you're part way into already, or have done in the past? "

http://first20hours.com 
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Phil asks, "Does this method work best for entirely new skills or can it be used on things you're part way into already or have done in the past?" It actually works for both. So, the phrase for re-learning something you already know how to do is called reactivation. And you can use the same general principles to reactivate old skills very, very quickly. 

So the benefit of reactivation versus learning something from scratch is you already have a ton of experience doing it. You already know what's important. You already know all of the things you're going to need to do to sit down and perform. And so, you can use that knowledge to just practice re-acquiring the core skills as quickly as possible. 

So, I mention in the book. I spent a lot of time doing music growing up when I was in school. And I learned how or play the trumpet, and I was pretty good at it, but I haven't played the trumpet in well over ten years now. But, it wouldn't take that long. to pick up a trumpet and re-acquire the core skills to be able to perform reasonably well. 

And so, yes, the same method will allow you to reactivate old skills very quickly. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - Can I use this method to re-learn old skills?

Rebecca asks: "How do I apply your methods to something that I'm less than excited about, but really need to know? Like accounting, finance, marketing..."

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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Rebecca asks, "How do I apply your methods to something that I'm less than excited about but really need to know like accounting, finance, marketing, etc." Good question. In general, your brain learns best what you're interested in most. And so it's in your best interest if you're really excited about something those are naturally going to be the things you pick up most quickly but life often doesn't allow us, for a variety of reasons, to just focus on the things that we may be super jazzed about learning at a certain point in time. 

So in cases where you're learning something, less for intrinsic reasons because you're super interested in it, and more for instrumental reasons because you want to do something cool with it, it's important to hook into that 'something cool' that you're going to get out of it when you're done. So I would ask, "Why are you interested?" or "Why do you feel like you need to know accounting or finance or marketing?" 

What is it that you're going to get out of that? Is it getting better at your job so you can get a raise or get a promotion? Or you're able to start your own business? Or you're able to make a new product and sell it successfully? What's the draw? What's in it for you? If you're able to really clearly define what it is that you get out of the learning process, that can be tremendously exciting in and of itself. So I'm super interested in all things business but I find things like accounting and bookkeeping and statistical analysis not the most interesting things in the world. But oh my gosh, the cool things you can pull off when you know those skills or you're able to use them in a context to get a really cool result, that's exciting. Right. So, it's really important, if you don't have some intrinsic desire to learn something, focus on the instrumental desire. 

What is it that you get out of it? And as long as you're excited about that outcome you can use that to make the learning process for pretty much anything drastically easier. Hope this helps. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - What about skills I'm not excited to learn?

Robert asks: "Do you recommend focusing on learning one skill at a time or is it possible to learn multiple skills at once?"

http://first20hours.com 
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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Robert asks, do you recommend on learning one skill at a time, or is it possible to learn multiple skills at once? Very clear answer to this. Focus on learning one skill at a time. No question about it. And it really is If you have a busy schedule, it's a question of math. If you're focusing on learning multiple skills at a time, you're bouncing around from one skill to the next, but you only have maybe an hour, hour and a half every day to devote to learning new things. 

You don't get enough. You don't get that critical mass of attention on a single skill that's significant enough to improve. And so It is way more effective to focus on one skill, and you don't have to decide not to do all the other things you're interested in, you just to put that on your someday maybe list and say I'm interested in learning that thing but I'm not focusing on it right now. If you can do that and focus on one skill at a time and devote whatever spare hours you have into getting better at that thing, you will be way better off and you'll be way more skilled in every area if you focus on one skill instead of trying to tackle multiple skills at a time. 

Now if you're retired and you have all day to learn new things, then by all means take on a couple. But treat that as a special case. For the vast majority of us that don't have unlimited amounts of time and attention everyday always focus on one skill at a time. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - One skill at a time, or several?

Vo asks: "Wing Chun (a martial art) has so many forms it's difficult to indentify the most critical sub-skills. How do you know which parts are most important?"

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SpeakerText Transcript of the Track:
Bo says, Wing Chun, which is a martial art, has so many forms it's difficult to identify the most critical sub skills. How do you know which parts are the most important? This is actually a really good question and I would highly recommend talking to an instructor, somebody who's been practising for a long time, and working with them to identify what are the types of movements. So, not necessarily the forms, but what are the types of movements that you do over and over and over again. 

Sometimes you can get an idea of doing this through books. So you look at different compilations of the forms that exist and try to find common elements that you need to practice. So, for example, one thing that I have passing familiarity with is Aikido. And one of the things that you learn very quickly or very early on in Aikido is how to fall. 

How to practice with somebody else in a safe way, and if somebody else throws you, how to fall in a way that doesn't hurt you. So, there are probably, not familiar with Wing Chun as a martial art or an art form. But there are likely to be a couple of different movement patterns it may be striking, it may be kicking, it may be falling. 

Try to find the common movement patterns and practice those first. And If you're working with an instructor that is really experienced, sometimes it's very difficult for them to isolate these things. on their own, because they've been practising for such a long time and everything is important, so they say everything is important. 

By working with an instructor and a lot of questions about what other type of movements that we use most often, you can work with the instructor to help them narrow down the skill for you so you can practice in smart way. Hope that helps. 


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FIRST 20 HOURS - How do I learn a martial art?

Can you *really* learn a complex skill - like how to fly an airplane - in 20 hours?

In today's interview, Josh Kaufman, bestselling author of "The First 20 Hours", talks to Jon Hart, who did just that...

http://first20hours.com 

Full text transcript here: http://joshkaufman.net/how-jon-hart-learned-to-fly-an-airplane-solo-in-less-than-20-hours/

FIRST 20 HOURS - How Jon Hart Learned to Fly an Airplane in Less Than 20 Hours

Author of two international bestsellers:

"The Personal MBA: Master the Art of Business"
"The First 20 Hours: How to Master Anything... Fast!" 

My work helps people make more money, get more done, and have more fun.

JoshKaufman

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