MCIOM´s Way (Worldcontest Old Versions)

இலங்கை ஜனநாயக சமத்துவ குடியரசு (Ilaṅkai jaṉanāyaka camattuva kuṭiyaracu) - நடக்கின்றோம் (Natakkinrom)

Sri Lanka Ceylon (from 1796 to 1972) is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, 237 km (west coast of the island) east of the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent, and had a population of approximately 22 million in 2021. The shortest distance between India (Kodiyakkarai) and Sri Lanka (Munasal) is 54.8 km.

From ancient times to modern times, the island was a strategic hub for maritime travel between the Middle East and Southeast Asia. The south and the areas around Anuradhapura were centers of ancient Buddhism; in the north and east there were Hindu temple complexes. Sri Lanka is today a multi-religious and multi-ethnic nation, in which, alongside Buddhism and Hinduism, Christianity and Islam are important religions. The Sinhalese make up the majority of the population. The Tamils ​​are the largest minority. Other ethnic minorities include the Moors, Malays, Burghers and the indigenous people of Sri Lanka, the Veddas.

Sri Lanka is known for the production and export of tea (Ceylon), coffee, rubber, and coconuts. The island is a popular tourist destination due to its scenic beauty and rich cultural heritage (such as Ayurveda, a traditional healing art).

Sri Lanka was ruled by various local kingdoms for over two millennia until large parts of the island were colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century and then by the Dutch. Only the Kingdom of Kandy in the island's highlands was able to hold out against the colonizers. In 1815, all of Sri Lanka became part of the British Empire. During World War II, Sri Lanka served as a strategically important base for the Allies in the fight against the Japanese Empire. Since the beginning of the 20th century, there have been growing movements for independence. In 1948, Sri Lanka gained independence from Great Britain after peaceful negotiations. Since independence, the country has been burdened by the conflict between the Sinhalese majority and the Tamil minority. Between 1983 and 2009, there was a civil war in Sri Lanka between Tamil separatists and the Sinhalese-dominated central government. The human rights violations committed during the civil war have not yet been independently investigated. Between 2005 and 2015, Mahinda Rajapaksa was president of the country and ruled with an authoritarian stance. In 2019, Gotabaya Rajapaksa, Mahinda's brother, was elected president, and Mahinda became prime minister. Under the brothers' rule, the economy collapsed in 2022. Popular demonstrations led to the ouster of the Rajapaksas and democratic constitutional reform in October 2022.

Sri Lanka - Natakkinrom

Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Leste - Ita Iha Dalan

East Timor (also known as Timor Leste) is a democratic island nation in Southeast Asia and was the first state to become independent in the 21st century. The only land border separates East Timor from the Indonesian western part of the island of Timor, which belongs to the province of East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur). To the north are the islands of Alor, Wetar and Liran, which belong to Indonesia, and to the northeast there are other islands in the Indonesian province of Maluku. Australia lies south, across the Timor Sea. In addition to the eastern part of Timor, the state of East Timor also includes the Oe-Cusse Ambeno exclave in West Timor and the islands of Atauro and Jaco.

East Timor - Ita Iha Dalan

Ripablik Blong Vanuatu - Yumi Wokbaot

Vanuatu is a sovereign island nation in the South Pacific.

The island nation, consisting of 83 islands – or island groups – emerged in 1980 from the British-French New Hebrides Condominium, which had existed since 1906, and had a population of 300,000 in 2019.

All around the islands, there are diving sites on coral reefs, underwater caves, and wrecks like the troop transport SS President Coolidge, which sank during World War II. The capital and economic center of the country is the port city of Port Vila on the island of Efate. The local national museum explores Vanuatu's Melanesian culture.

Vanuatu - Yumi Wokbaot

United States of America - Voices

Winner of the week: 🥇8

The United States of America is a democratic, federal republic in North America and, with some islands, in Oceania. It consists of 50 states, the capital Washington, D.C., which is its own federal district, as well as five major territories and nine island territories.

The 48 contiguous states, the so-called Lower 48, together with Alaska, from which they are separated by Canadian territory, form the Continental United States. The state of Hawaii and some smaller outlying areas are located in the Pacific and Caribbean. The country has a very high geographical and climatic diversity with a large variety of animal and plant species.

The United States of America is the third largest country in the world both in terms of area and population. Its area of ​​9.83 million square kilometers is exceeded only by Russia and Canada and its population of more than 334 million inhabitants is exceeded only by India and China. The most populous city in the USA is New York City, a global metropolis and one of the most important cultural, media, economic, trade and financial centers in the world. Important metropolitan areas are Los Angeles, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Philadelphia, Washington, Miami, Atlanta, Boston and San Francisco, each with over 5 million inhabitants. The degree of urbanization is 83 percent. A well-known national myth is that the United States is one of the most multicultural countries in the world; However, empirical studies show that the United States performs only averagely in global comparisons of ethnic and cultural diversity.

On July 4, 1776, delegates from the 13 colonies adopted the Declaration of Independence of the United States and thus the founding of the USA. The American War of Independence, which ended with the recognition of independence in the Peace of Paris (1783), was the first successful war of independence against a European colonial power. The current constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787. 27 additional articles were added. The first ten amendments, collectively called the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and guarantee a variety of unalienable rights.

Driven by the doctrine of Manifest Destiny, the United States expanded its territory from the Atlantic to the Pacific throughout the 19th century. This included the violent expulsion of indigenous Indian tribes, the acquisition of new territories, etc. in the Mexican-American War and the founding of new states. The American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the United States in 1865 and to the fact that it finally embarked on the path to becoming an industrial state. By the end of the 19th century, the United States was the preeminent power in the Americas, and its economy had become the largest of the time.

U. S. A. - Voices

U. S. A. 🥇 - Voices

Россия (Rossiya) - Мы на пути (My Na Puti)

Winner of the month: 🏆Aug'25
Winner of the week: 🥇13

Russia is a federal state in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, with the exclave of Kaliningrad in Central Europe. In terms of area, Russia is the largest country in the world at around 17 million square kilometers and covers around a ninth of the earth's land mass. With 144.5 million inhabitants (2019), it is the ninth most populous country and is also one of the least populated.

The European part of the national territory is significantly more densely populated than the Asian part, which is over three times as large: around 77% of the population (110 million inhabitants) lives west of the Urals. The capital Moscow is one of the largest cities and metropolitan regions in the world. The second most important center is Saint Petersburg, which was the capital from 1712 to 1918 and is now primarily an important cultural center. The next largest cities with millions of inhabitants are Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Kazan and Nizhny Novgorod. In total, there are 15 megacities and almost 70 agglomerations with over 500,000 inhabitants in Russia.

The federal structure of Russia consists of eight federal districts and 83 federal subjects. Russia is a multi-ethnic country with over 100 ethnic groups, with ethnic Russians making up almost 80% of the population. Russia is now an emerging country in the upper middle income sector. After recovering from the post-communist transformation crisis of the 1990s, the country became what is now the eleventh largest economy in the world and fourth largest in terms of purchasing power parity, just ahead of Germany. Its raw material reserves are probably the largest in the world at around 20 to 30%, with significant deposits of primary energy sources - especially natural gas. Russia has been subject to a steady decline in economic, demographic and military performance since the mid-1980s, when it was still part of the Soviet Union. According to the SIPRI Institute, it has the largest number of nuclear warheads of any country at 4,489, of which only 1,674 are ready for use while the rest are in storage.

Russia has been a permanent member of the UN Security Council since 1946 and is also a member of the WTO, OSCE, APEC and the SCO, as well as a leading member of the regional organizations CIS, CSTO and EAEU.

The Russian Federation is the “continuor state” of the Soviet Union in international organizations. The Soviet federal state was preceded by the Russian Empire, the Tsardom of Russia and originally the Grand Duchy of Moscow, a sub-principality of the former East Slavic Empire of Kievan Rus. The Cold War ended around 1990, and Russia became a little more democratic and moved slightly closer to the West. The constitution at the time envisaged a semi-presidential democracy for Russia, but according to democracy indices, the constitutional reality today corresponds to that of an autocracy, or a “super-presidential rule” or post-democracy. Corruption and human rights violations are widespread.

Russia's share of global gross domestic product has fallen from 4 to 2.85% (2022) since the sanctions began in 2014 as a result of the annexation of Crimea and intensified with the attack on Ukraine in 2022. Especially since the attack on the neighboring country, economic and political relations with the West have been very strained.

Russia is predominantly viewed as an autocracy. In political science and Eastern European studies there is a debate as to whether it is now an increasingly totalitarian dictatorship or whether it is already a fascist regime due to domestic political tightening and the attack on Ukraine (fascism discussion).

Russia - My Na Puti

Russia 🏆🥇 - My Na Puti

Bŭlgariya - Nie Sme Na Pŭt

Bulgaria is a republic in southeastern Europe with around 6.5 million inhabitants. The country occupies most of the eastern Balkan Peninsula and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. Bulgaria covers an area of ​​110,994 square kilometers and lies in the temperate climate zone. Sofia is the capital and also the largest city in the country; other larger cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. Bulgaria has been a member of NATO since 2004 and joined the European Union in 2007.
In what is now Bulgaria there is the earliest evidence of the presence of humans (Homo sapiens) in Europe and the Neolithic Karanovo culture, which dates back to 6500 BC. Dating back to the 1st century BC, one of the earliest settlements on the continent. In the 6th to 3rd centuries B.C. In the 4th century BC the region came under tension between the Thracians, Persians, Celts and Greeks. Stability came when the Roman Empire managed to conquer the region in 45 AD. With the decline and division of the empire, invasions by different groups began again in the region. The Goths immigrated in the 4th century and created the only written source of their language here. Around the 6th century, the areas were settled by the early Slavs. The Proto-Bulgarians, led by the brothers Asparuch and Kuwer, left the territory of (old) (Greater) Bulgaria and settled permanently on the Balkan Peninsula in the late 7th century. They founded two empires called Bulgaria, one between the Danube and the Balkan Mountains and one in the area around today's Bitola in the west of the peninsula. The Danube Empire, which was recognized by treaty by the Eastern Roman Empire in 681, over time united with the Empire of Kuwer. This First Bulgarian Empire ruled most of the southern Balkan Peninsula and significantly influenced Slavic cultures through the development of the Cyrillic script at the court of the Bulgarian tsars and the establishment of the Bulgarian Patriarchate.
Old Bulgarian literature and literature formed the third largest cultural and religious area in medieval Europe. The empire existed until the early 11th century, when the Byzantine Emperor Basil II conquered and subjugated it. A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 established a Second Bulgarian Empire, which reached its peak under Ivan Asen II (1218–1241). After numerous exhausting wars and feudal struggles, the empire dissolved in 1396 and the region fell under Ottoman rule for almost five centuries.

Today Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic consisting of 28 provinces with a high degree of political, administrative and economic centralization. With an upper-middle income economy, the United Nations Development Program ranks Bulgaria among high human development countries. Its market economy is part of the European internal market and is based largely on services, followed by industry - particularly engineering and mining - and agriculture. Bulgaria is the world's largest producer of lavender oil and has a long tradition of rose cultivation and rose oil production. The country is facing a demographic crisis as its population has been shrinking annually since around 1990. Compared to a peak of almost nine million inhabitants in 1988, today there are only around 6.5 million. Bulgaria has been a member of NATO since March 29, 2004 and a member of the European Union (EU) and the Council of Europe since January 1, 2007, a founding member of the OSCE and has held a seat on the United Nations Security Council three times.

Bulgaria - Nie Sme Na Put

中國 (Zhōngguó) - 在路上 (Zài Lùshàng)

Winner of the week: 🥇15

The People's Republic of China is a state in East Asia. With more than 1.4 billion inhabitants (2020), China is the second most populous country in the world after India and the third largest country in terms of total area. According to its socialist constitution, the People's Republic of China is "under the democratic dictatorship of the people", but has been from the beginning Governed throughout by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in an authoritarian to totalitarian manner. To this day she is accused of serious human rights violations.

Since 2016, the World Bank has classified the country as one of the states with an income level in the upper middle range. On average, China's economic power grew by 8.9% annually from 2000 to 2019. In addition to the doubling of China's share of world trade, the gross domestic product increased sixfold during this time, so that by the end of that period China had grown into the second largest economy in the world. However, according to observers, since the "Outstanding Leader" Xi Jinping came to power in 2012, the People's Republic has again taken steps backwards in social and economic freedom and has become increasingly ideologically and internationally aggressive.

The People's Republic of China is the world's largest exporter, the second largest importer, the country with the largest industrial production, the second highest spending on research and development, the second largest total national wealth, the largest standing army and the second largest defense budget and, depending on the source, is considered an emerging or already established country Superpower of the 21st century alongside the United States.

The People's Republic of China is one of the official nuclear powers and, as one of the five official victors of the Second World War, is a permanent member of the World Security Council and a member of the World Trade Organization, World Bank, APEC, BRICS, UNESCO, Interpol and G20, among others.

China 

China 🥇 - Zài Lùshàng

Republika ng Pilipinas - Tayong Lalakad

The Philippines are a state and archipelago with 7,641 islands in the western Pacific Ocean and belong to Southeast Asia. They form the fifth largest island nation in the world by area. With around 110 million inhabitants, the Philippines is the fourteenth largest country in the world. The population consists of dozens of different ethnicities and cultures.

The Philippines were originally settled by Negritos and later by Austronesians. Since the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan, the country has been colonized by Spain. The country got its name from the Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, who named the islands Las Islas Filipinas in honor of the Spanish Infante Philip. In the more than 300 years of Spanish rule that followed, Catholicism also became established in the Philippines, which is why the Philippines is now, alongside East Timor, the only Asian state with a Catholic majority. The Philippine Revolution began in 1896 and led to the First Philippine Republic in 1899, although it only lasted two years and ended with defeat in the Philippine-American War. The Philippines was then controlled by the United States for several decades. During the Second World War, the islands were temporarily occupied by the Japanese Empire. After the war ended, the country finally gained independence from the United States in 1946.

The history of the country's democratization since then has been checkered. From 1972 to 1986 the country was ruled dictatorially by Ferdinand Marcos. Since the EDSA revolution in 1986, the balance of power in the country has changed several times and with it the conditions of democracy, human rights and corruption. After the election of his son, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., known as Bongbong, as president in 2022, the human rights situation remained poor.

Philippines - Tayong Lalakad

República del Ecuador - Ñukanchik Takinapash

Ecuador is a republic in northwestern South America between Colombia and Peru and has around 18 million inhabitants. The capital, located in the Andean highlands (Sierra) at 2850 m, is called Quito; The largest city, Guayaquil, is located on the Pacific coastal plain (called Costa). The country is named after the equator line that runs through the northern part of the national territory. The Galápagos Islands, which belong to Ecuador, are located between 928 km and 1272 km west of the coast in the Pacific.

Recently, the government of Ecuador has been trying to improve the separation of powers, for example by establishing an independent Judicial Council. It also pursues a clear policy of supporting the economy and the private sector. However, civil society participation remains very limited to date.

Ecuador - Nukanchik Takinapash

Қазақстан Республикасы (Qazaqstan Respublikasy) - Біз Бірге (Biz Birge)

Winner of the week: 🥇21, 🥇23

Kazakhstan is a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. The border with Russia is the country's only northern border and is over 7,600 kilometers long. To the south, Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, and to the southeast, over a length of almost 1,800 kilometers, it borders the People's Republic of China.[5] Kazakhstan's total land border is 13,200 km. With a land area of ​​more than 2.7 million km², Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country and the ninth largest in the world. The country's landscape is primarily characterized by the Kazakh steppe and it has extensive oil resources.

Kazakhstan has a population of approximately 20 million, the majority of whom are Muslim Kazakhs. The capital is Astana, with 1.1 million inhabitants and an area of ​​722 square kilometers. The most populous city is Almaty, with 1.9 million inhabitants and an area of ​​682 square kilometers. Other important cities in the country are Shymkent and Qaraghandy, both with a population of one million.

Even in ancient times, various empires existed in the territory of present-day Kazakhstan. The western part of the First Turkic Khanate emerged between the 6th and 8th centuries. In the 13th century, the Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded. After the conquest by the Uzbek Timur in the 15th century, the Kazakhs were able to separate from the Uzbek Khanate and establish the Kazakh Khanate under a native Genghis Khanid dynasty. This allowed the Kazakhs to resist the introduction of Islam and remain connected to their traditional traditions. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dzungarian Khanate expanded until the Kazakhs submitted to the Russian Tsar. In 1925, the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was founded, which from 1936 onwards formed a union republic within the Soviet Union as the Kazakh SSR.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the country declared its independence as the Republic of Kazakhstan on December 16, 1991. Kazakhstan is a full member of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The presidential republic was ruled by Nursultan Nazarbayev from 1991 to 2019. Kazakh, a Turkic language, and Russian, a Slavic language, were declared official languages ​​upon independence, and the former capital, Alma-Ata, was renamed Almaty. In 1997, the seat of government and parliament was relocated to Akmola. The city was proclaimed the official capital and renamed Astana ("capital") one year later; this name was changed to Nur-Sultan in 2019 and back to Astana on September 17, 2022.

Kazakhstan is governed by an authoritarian regime, and corruption is widespread. The human rights situation is considered critical; for example, freedom of expression is severely restricted. In 2022, major anti-government protests broke out for the first time and were violently suppressed. Since then, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has embarked on a cautious reform program aimed at increasing pluralism and bringing the country closer to Western countries.

Ipan Ojtli

Los Que Escuchan

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