Political Philosophy Moral Theory

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Stoic philosopher Epictetus's work, the Discourses. Specifically it examines his discussions of the nature of freedom, understood in a Stoic perspective

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Epictetus, Discourses - The Nature Of Freedom - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century developmental psychologist and moral theorist Lawrence Kohlberg's short work "Moral Development - A Review of the Theory"

Specifically it examines his his theory of moral development and how it figures into the k-12 education of his time.  His view was that despite the emphasis on "moral education" in public schools, they tended to focus on just low level moral development, and often impeded fuller moral development


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Lawrence Kohlberg, Moral Development -  Moral Development And Education - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher James Rachels' essay, The Challenge of Cultural Relativism, found in his Elements of Moral Philosophy.

Specifically it examines five main claims that are typically made by advocates of cultural relativism.  These bear upon the differences in moral norms, cultural practices, and sentiments between different cultures, and what implications we can draw from those. 

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James Rachels, The Challenge Of Cultural Relativism - Five Claims Of Cultural Relativism

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals.

Specifically it examines his discussion in sec. 1 about the connection between rationality, morality, and happiness.

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Immanuel Kant, Groundwork - Reason, Happiness, And Duty - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals.

Specifically it examines his discussion in sec. 1 about the connection about what it means to have Duty as the motive for one's actions and decisions.

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Immanuel Kant, Groundwork - The Notion Of Duty - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals.

Specifically it examines his discussion in sec. 1 about the Good Will as being the only unqualifiedly good thing.

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Immanuel Kant, Groundwork - The Good Will - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals.

Specifically it provides additional examples used to clarify the first formulation of the Categorical Imperative.  This formulation tells us to act always upon maxims that we can will to be universal laws of nature.

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Immanuel Kant, Groundwork - More Examples 1st Formulation Categorical Imperative - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals.

Specifically it examines Kant's examples of how to apply the second formulation of the Categorical Imperative.  This formulation tells us to act so as to always treat humanity in our own person or in others never as a means but always as an end

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Immanuel Kant, Groundwork - Kant's Examples For 2nd Formulation Of Categorical Imperative

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals.

Specifically it examines his discussio in sec. 2 where he introduces the first formulation of the Categorical Imperative.  This video discusses the formulation in general, breaks it down, and suggests and how it might be applied.  This formulation tells us to act always upon maxims that we can will to be universal laws of nature.

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Immanuel Kant, Groundwork - 1st Formulation Of The Categorical Imperative - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals.

Specifically it examines Kant's examples used in that text to illustrate the first formulation of the categorical imperative. This formulation tells us to act always upon maxims that we can will to be universal laws of nature.

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Immanuel Kant, Groundwork - Kant's Examples for the 1st Formulation of the Categorical Imperative

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work of ethics, The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals.

Specifically it provides additional examples of how to apply the second formulation of the Categorical Imperative.  This formulation tells us to act so as to always treat humanity in our own person or in others never as a means but always as an end,

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM

You can find over 1500 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler

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Immanuel Kant, Groundwork - More Examples For 2nd Formulation Of Categorical Imperative

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher John Rawls' work of ethics and political theory, A Theory of Justice

Specifically it examines his discussion of one of the key insights of the work.  This is what Rawls calls the "initial situation" or "condition" in which people would choose basic rules of justice governing a fair society.  He envisions this as taking place behind a "veil of ignorance", in which nobody knows who they would be in that society.

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John Rawls, A Theory of Justice - The Initial Condition - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher John Rawls' work of ethics and political theory, A Theory of Justice

Specifically it examines his discussion of the two main principles of justice that he thinks rational agents in an initial condition, deciding behind a veil of ignorance, will settle upon

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John Rawls, A Theory of Justice - Two Principles of Justice - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher John Rawls' work of ethics and political theory, A Theory of Justice

Specifically it examines how he outlines how the rather restricted theory of justice in his work would connect with and lead to a broader moral theory or ethics.

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John Rawls, A Theory Of Justice - Reflective Equilibrium - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient  philosopher Aristotle's work of moral theory, the Nicomachean Ethics

Specifically it focuses on his discussion in book 3 of the Virtue of Temperance (or Moderation), and the associated Vices of Self-Indulgence and Insensibility.

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Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics book 3 - The Virtue Of Temperance - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient  philosopher Aristotle's work of moral theory, the Nicomachean Ethics

Specifically it focuses on book 4 of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (and some parallel discussions in the Eudemian Ethics), where he discusses the Virtue of Liberality (or Generosity), and the associated Vices of Stinginess/Meanness and Prodigality.

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Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics book 4 - The Virtue Of Generosity - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient  philosopher Aristotle's work of moral theory, the Nicomachean Ethics

Specifically it focuses on book 4 of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (and some parallel discussions in the Eudemian Ethics), where he discusses the Virtue of Magnificence, and the associated Vices of Meanness and Vulgarity.

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Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics book 4 - The Virtue Of Magnificence - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient  philosopher Aristotle's work of moral theory, the Nicomachean Ethics

Specifically it focuses on book 4 of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (and some parallel discussions in the Eudemian Ethics), where he discusses the Virtue of Friendliness, and its opposed vices of Obsequiousness (or Flattery) and Unfriendliness (or Quarrelsomeness).

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Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics book 4 - The Virtue Of Friendliness - Sadler's Lectures

his lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient  philosopher Aristotle's work of moral theory, the Nicomachean Ethics

Specifically it focuses on book 4 of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (and some parallel discussions in the Eudemian Ethics), where he discusses the Virtue of Good Humor or Wittiness, and its opposed vices of Buffoonery (or Vulgarity, or Jackassery) and Boorishness (or Being-A-Stick-In-The-Mud!)

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Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics book 4 - The Virtue Of Good Humor - Sadler's Lectures

his lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient  philosopher Aristotle's work of moral theory, the Nicomachean Ethics

Specifically it focuses on book 4 of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (and some parallel discussions in the Eudemian Ethics), where he discusses the Virtue of Truthfulness (about oneself), and its opposed vices of Boastfulness and Self-Deprecation.

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Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics book 4 - The Virtue Of Truthfulness - Sadler's Lectures

The Silkworm dies, the moth lives they are not separate beings, but the same. It’s the same with Man his false beliefs must die, so that he may know the joy of TRANCE. 
...What you felt in the silence was real. Something in you is dying. It’s called Ignorance.
/
"It is written, "he who makes the best egg salad shall rule over heaven and earth." Don't ask me why egg salad - I've got enough aggravation. "
/
..."One equal temper of heroic hearts, 
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will 
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield."
/
Hope still lives,...The DREAM SHALL NEVER DIE.
/
Fulfilling my hope, headlong, I go towards glory.

Political Philosophy Moral Theory

Marcus Aguilar 2