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[Lesson 15] Explanation of The Forty Hadīth of Imām An-Nawawi (رحمه الله) – By Abu Idrees Muhammad Khān حفظه الله. Lesson series at Masjid Salafi, Small Heath, Birmingham, UK.

Points covered: 

- Ḥadīth #3: The Five Pillars of Islām
- Brief biography of the narrator of the ḥadīth, ‘Abdullāh b. ‘Umar (رضى الله عنهما).
- The Companions who narrated the most ḥadīth in order of the number of aḥādīth they narrated.
- The four ‘Abādilah, and the reason ‘Abdullāh b. Mas’ūd (رضى الله عنه) is not from them.
- Some distinguishing characteristics of ‘Abdullāh b. ‘Umar.
- Following his example in being extremely cautious regarding answering questions and giving fatāwā.
- The meaning of the term “kunya”. 
- Clarification regarding when to use raḍiyAllāhu ‘anhū/‘anhā/‘anhumā/‘anhum. 
- Explanation of Shaykh al-Fawzān (حفظه الله).
- The difference between this ḥadīth and the previous ḥadīth.
- Pillars vs elements of Islām.
- Explanation of Shaykh ‘Abdul-Muḥsin (حفظه الله).
- Clarification from al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajar (رحمه الله) to show that all of the elements of Islām stem from the five pillars. 
- The requirement of beginning with the Shahādatayn and then moving on to other affairs in order of importance. 
- Examples of zakāh being coupled with ṣalāh in the Qur’ān.


Text of the ḥadīth:

عنْ [أبي عبدِ الرَّحمنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمرَ بنِ الخطَّابِ] رَضِي اللهُ عَنْهُما قالَ: سَمِعْتُ رسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: بُنِيَ الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ: شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، وَإِقامِ الصَّلاَةِ، وإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَحَجِّ البَيْتِ، وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ. رواه البخاريُّ ومسلمٌ.

From Abū ‘Abdur-Raḥmān ‘Abdullāh b. ‘Umar b. al-Khaṭṭāb (رضى الله عنهما) who said: “I heard the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ saying, ‘Islām is built upon five (pillars): The testimony that none has the right to be worshipped (in truth) but Allāh and that Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allāh, establishing the (daily) prayer(s), giving the zakāh, pilgrimage to the house and fasting in Ramaḍān.’” [Related by al-Bukhārī and Muslim]

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Verily! We have seen the turning of your (Muhammad’s ﷺ) face towards the heaven. Surely, We shall turn you to a Qiblah (prayer direction) that shall please you, so turn your face in the direction of al-Masjid al-Haram (at Makkah). And wherever you (people) are, turn your faces (in prayer) in that direction. Certainly, the people who were given the Scriptures (i.e. Jews and the Christians) know well that, that (your turning towards the direction of the Ka'bah at Makkah in prayers) is the truth from their Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what they do.

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– Sufficient to face towards the direction of Makkah for the one outside of the city Makkah.
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