Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya (Hungarian: Vitéz[1] nagybányai Horthy Miklós; Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈviteːz ˈnɒɟbaːɲɒi ˈhorti ˈmikloːʃ]; English: Nicholas Horthy;[2] German: Nikolaus Horthy Ritter von Nagybánya; 18 June 1868 – 9 February 1957) was a Hungarian admiral and statesman who served as the regent of the Kingdom of Hungary between the two World Wars and throughout most of World War II, from 1 March 1920 to 15 October 1944.

Horthy started his career as a sub-lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian Navy in 1896 and attained the rank of rear admiral in 1918. He saw action in the Battle of the Strait of Otranto and became commander-in-chief of the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the last year of the First World War; he was promoted to vice admiral and commander of the Fleet when the previous admiral was dismissed from his post by Emperor-King Charles following mutinies. In 1919, following a series of revolutions and external interventions in Hungary from Romania, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, Horthy returned to Budapest with the National Army and was subsequently invited to become regent of the kingdom by parliament. Horthy led a national conservative[3] government through the interwar period, banning the Hungarian Communist Party as well as the Arrow Cross Party, and pursuing an irredentist foreign policy in the face of the Treaty of Trianon. The former king, Charles, unsuccessfully attempted twice to return to Hungary until, in 1921, the Hungarian Government caved in to Allied threats to renew hostilities. Charles was escorted out of Hungary into exile.

In the late 1930s, Horthy's foreign policy led him into a reluctant alliance with Germany against the Soviet Union. With the grudging support of Adolf Hitler, Hungary was able to redeem certain areas ceded to neighboring countries by the Treaty of Trianon. Under Horthy's leadership, Hungary gave support to Polish refugees in 1939 and participated in a supportive (as opposed to front-line) role in the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941.

Horthy's reluctance to contribute to the German war effort and the Holocaust in Hungary, as well as refusing to hand over more than 600,000 of the 825,000 Hungarian Jews to German authorities, coupled with several attempts to strike a secret deal with the Allies of World War II after it had become obvious that the Axis would lose the war, eventually led the Germans to invade and take control of the country in March 1944 in Operation Margarethe. In October 1944, Horthy announced that Hungary had declared an armistice with the Allies and withdrawn from the Axis. He was forced to resign, placed under arrest by the Germans, and taken to Bavaria. At the end of the war, he came under the custody of American troops.[4]

After appearing as a witness at the Nuremberg war-crimes trials in 1948, Horthy settled and lived out his remaining years in exile in Portugal. His memoirs, Ein Leben für Ungarn (A Life for Hungary),[5] were first published in 1953. He is perceived as a controversial historical figure in contemporary Hungary.[6][7][8][9]

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Toto CD nie je prvé a verím, že ani posledné, ktoré Muzička nahrávala s dedinskou folklórnou skupinou. Takáto spolupráca je pre muziku, ktorá inklinuje k neštylizovanému hudobnému folklóru, veľmi inšpiratívna. Človek intenzívne pričuchne k špecifikám lokality a keď chce byť rovnocenným partnerom, pri poznávaní miestneho herného štýlu nesmie kĺzať po povrchu. Ak má navyše šťastie, že sa stretne so spevákmi a speváčkami z generácie, pre ktorú bol spev ešte každodennosťou, táto spolupráca je o to radostnejším, vzácnejším zážitkom, a až mystickým výletom do minulosti. Nebudem zapierať, vo Vernári sa nám páčilo. Ľudia i pesničky. Veríme, že to cítiť aj z tohto CD. za Muzičku Peter Obuch

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O Muzičke

Muzička vznikla vložením č medzi i a k.

Sme, na prekvapenie väčšiny pýtajúcich sa, bratislavská kapela – ľudovka. Hráme slovenský folklór odjakživa - konkrétne od roku 1990, kedy z recesie nacvičených niekoľko piesní – svadobný dar pre ženiaceho sa kamaráta, viedla nečakane ku vzniku ĽH Muzička. Od toho času cvičíme a počúvame staré, často zvukovo nekvalitné nahrávky starých, často už zosnulých vidieckych muzikantských majstrov. V skúšobni nám však strašne chýba potlesk. Preto hráme na najrôznejších  akciách, akými sú svadby, oslavy, vystúpenia, zábavy a – načo to tajiť – aj koncerty. Najviac sa vytešujeme ak nastane všeobecná veselosť sprevádzaná nečakanými výkonmi muzikantov (my), spevákov (hlavne my) a tanečníkov (nikdy nie my).

Máme radi folklór v jeho pôvodnej zemitej podobe, čo najmenej uhladený, zgýčovaný, inštitucionalizovaný, národnobuditeľský... a veríme, že je to z nášho prejavu počuť. Zloženie kapely sa od minulého storočia mierne obmenilo, čo zároveň viedlo k preskupeniu síl v Muzičke v prospech hudobne vzdelaných jedincov, čo nám až tak nevadí.

Treba pripomenúť, že sme od prírody spoločenskí a sme zapojení do rôznych aktivít:
-         speváčky z Muzičky – naše manželky a kamarátky, ktoré spievajú jedna báseň
-         Dragúni – tanečníci, ktorí tancujú ako im mi hráme, tiež jedna báseň
-         Tanečné domy – pravidelne organizované folklórne zábavy spojené s výučbou tanca (www.tanecnydom.sk)

Muzička je:
Tomáš Brunovský - husle
Laco Fekete - husle
Ivan Hanula - husle
Martin Brunovský - husľová kontra
Mišo Brdársky - violová kontra
Peter Obuch – basa, basička
Eva Brunovská – vedúca speváckej skupiny
Xenia Makarová – spev
Zoja Feketeová - spev
**********************************************
About Muzička

We are, and this seems to be a surprise for people that put this question to us, a folklore band from Bratislava. Slovak folk music has always been in us – and more actual since the year 1990, when we as a joke learnt to play several songs and this was a gift for a friend who was getting married, and this unexpectedly led to the creation of the folk band MUZIČKA. From this time, we regularly practice and we listen to old recordings. In many cases these are recordings from past rural masters that are often of low sound quality.

In practice we very much miss applause. This is why we prefer to play at live events, such as weddings, celebrations, appearances and spontaneous events – and why to be secretive - also at concerts. We feel great happiness when we can feel the joy of our audience accompanied by unusual musical achievements (by us), by singers (mainly us) and by dancers (never us).

We appreciate folklore in its original earthy sound, as little refined, kitschy, institutionalized, or revivalist as possible... and we hope this is obvious from our playing. The composition of Muzicka’ band has slightly been changing since the last century, which has led to an influx of new members with musical education. We are open to this change in the make-up of the group.

We must remind you that by nature we are very sociable people and we are involved in several activities:

female singers, our wives and friends that sing with one voice

Dragúni – dancers that dance as we play, also with one voice

Dancing houses – regularly organized folk events connected with teaching dance, (www.tanecnydom.sk)

Muzička is:

Tomáš Brunovský - violin
Laco Fekete - violin
Ivan Hanula - violin
Martin Brunovský –contra violin
Mišo Brdársky –contra viola
Peter Obuch – double-bass, small-bass


Eva Brunovská – leader of the singing group
Xenia Makarová – singer
Zoja Feketeová - singer

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Muzička

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