Le professeur Anne-Esther Njom Nlend, pédiatre néonatologiste et expert en infection périnatale du VIH/Sida, dresse un état des lieux de la transmission du VIH/sida de la mère à l'enfant au Cameroun.

Anne-Esther Njom Nlend : La transmission mère-enfant du VIH/sida au Cameroun en 2021

Quelques conséquences de la résistance à l'Artémisinine.

Philippe Guérin, directeur de l'IDDO

Curiosités et enjeux de la résistance à l'Artémisinine en Afrique

Matthew Coldiron, chercheur à Epicentre (MSF)

Le cardiologue camerounais Emmanuel Eroume A Egom de l’Institut de recherches médicales et d’études des plantes médicinales (IMPM), décrit l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire et le traitement qu'il y propose.

Emmanuel Eroume A Egom : L'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire

Joseph Larmarange, chercheur à l'IRD, décrit les moyens de prévention du VIH/sida en Afrique subsaharienne.

Joseph Larmarange :   La prévention du VIH/sida en Afrique subsaharienne.

Mireille Mpoudi Elamè, chercheure à l'ANRS et médecin à l'hôpital militaire de Yaoundé,  décrit les circonstances du recours à la PrEP contre le VIH/sida au Cameroun

Mireille Mpoudi Elamè : l'usage de la PrEP contre le VIH/sida au Cameroun

Pr Mamadou Abdoul Diop :  La necessaire collaboration entre les décideurs et les matéhématiciens

Notre magazine “Santé, Science et Développement” se penche cette semaine sur les décès de femmes durant l’accouchement, avec un focus sur la Côte d’Ivoire. Cliquez sur le lien ci-dessous pour l’écouter…

Les décès de femmes durant l’accouchement suscitent la colère en Afrique

Ange R. Miessan, miss maths 2022 en Côte d'Ivoire, décrit sa passion pour cette science

Le délégué national de l'ONG Planète Urgence au Cameroun décrit l'impact de l'exploitation du fer à Lobé.

René Noungang : Les conséquences du projet sur les éléments abiotiques

Le délégué national de l'ONG Planète Urgence au Cameroun décrit l'impact de l'exploitation du fer à Lobé au sud du Cameroun

René Noungang : Les conséquences du projet sur les éléments biotiques

Pour l'autorité traditionnelle, le projet d'exploitation du fer de Lobé menace l'existence même de son peuple.

Sa majesté Njokou Djongo, chef du village Ebodjé, dénonce la non-protection des minorités

Un natif du village relève les contradictions qui entourent le projet.

Mckey Ngomi : Les paradoxes du projet d'exploitation du fer de Lobé

This month’s podcast explores how a data revolution can help push governments to be more accountable to meeting the Millennium Development Goals. Ndeye Fatu-Sesay of the Millenium Challenge Coordinating Unit talks about progress in Sierra Leone, and how more can be done to listen to the voices of the country’s citizens.

Next, we travel to Ethiopia for the second meeting of the Africa-EU Energy Partnership. The AEEP is struggling to meet their clean energy goals by 2020, according to Jacob Waslander, head of the Climate Change and Energy Division at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Netherlands. The solution must incorporate small-scale local energy to reach more Africans, according to Gianluca Cescon, who builds microgrids in Tanzania and is head of country operations at Devergy.

Then we hear from Anne Radl of the Humanitarian Centre about a unique event to tackle development challenges. The Innovation and Development Hackathon will team students, professionals and NGOs to develop projects that will improve transparency along the global food supply chain. Past innovations include the SIM-Prints mobile biometric scanner to help Medic Mobile keep track of patient medical records.

Finally, former director of field operations at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Andrew MacMillan, pays us a visit. He talks about a school building project in one of Kenya’s poorest districts that is also helping to build community resilience to health and farming crises. He calls for new food management programmes to curb obesity and eradicate hunger.

http://www.scidev.net/global/energy/multimedia/scidev-net-podcast-africa-s-energy-struggle-the-data-revolution-and-more.html

Image credit: Dieter Telemans / Panos


SciDev.Net Podcast: Africa’s energy struggle, the data revolution, and more

This broadcast also explores Africa’s knowledge economy and how biomedical researchers establish informed consent.

http://www.scidev.net/global/education/multimedia/scidev-net-podcast-geojournalism-the-world-s-largest-radio-telescope-and-more.html

Global SciDev.Net Podcast: Geojournalism, the world’s largest radio telescope and more!

زعزعة الاستقرار ثم جائحة كوفيد-19، ثم الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية عوامل فاقمت المشكلة ولم تسمح أبدا بتمام التعافي

س وج حول "الأمن الغذائي" بالمنطقة العربية مع المدير الإقليمي للفاو

Pr Amadou Bocoum, secrétaire général adjoint de la Société malienne de gynécologie-obstétrique.

Pr Amadou Bocoum : Etat Des Lieux Et Circonstances De La Césarienne Au Mali

Amadou Bocoum, secrétaire général adjoint de la Société malienne de gynécologie-obstétrique.

Pr Amadou Bocoum : Les Décès Suite Aux Césariennes Au Mali

Idi Saïdou, épidémiologiste au ministère de la Santé publique du Niger

Dr Idi Saïdou : Les Facteurs D'augmentation Des Césariennes En Afrique

Serge Armel Njidjou, concepteur d'une couveuse néonatale connectée, décrit ce qu'est, à ses yeux, une innovation.

Serge Armel Njidjou : C'est quoi une innvoation ?

Dodzi Kossi, le directeur de la recherche scientifique et technique au ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche du Togo tente d'expliquer les difficultés des innovations africaines sur le marché.

Dodzi Kossi : Pourquoi les innovations africaines ne sont pas assez sollicitées en Afrique

Dodzi Kossi, directeur de la recherche scientifique et technique au ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche du Togo, énumère quelques pistes.

Dodzi Kossi : Comment aider les innovations africaines à connaître du succès.

It is just over a year since the self-styled Islamic State, or ISIS, declared its ‘Caliphate’ in the Middle East, after capturing vast tracts of Iraq and Syria. Today, ISIS retains its bloody grip on the region and, with no end in sight for the civil wars in Syria and Yemen, volatility in the Middle East is giving the group a dangerous territorial advantage.

But while governments thrash out strategies to rein in ISIS territorially, there is another sphere where its influence is largely unchecked — the internet. The group’s flood of propaganda videos and social media posts demonstrate a level of media production and internet savvy that have stunned its opponents.

In this audio interview, we speak to Nico Prucha and Ali Fisher, two researchers of jihadist digital tactics. They explain how ISIS’s ‘media mujahideen’ use mobile phones and HD cameras to create films that take viewers “right into the middle of the heat”.

The group’s media mujahideen are also masters of digital distribution. Fisher says this is based on a strategy centred around speed, agility and resilience. By tapping into global networks of supporters across different social media platforms, ISIS safeguards itself against the loss of individual accounts, making its online dominance hard to break, he says.

Fisher calls for a more strategic approach to reduce ISIS’s online influence by inhibiting the group’s networks as a whole, rather than stepping in to close sites after they have posted ISIS videos. This will demand global partnerships across governments, technology platforms, academic disciplines and civil society. For example, Prucha explains how a project that brings together academics, anti-extremism activists and a Sunni Muslim organisation in Indonesia aims to both compete directly with ISIS’s attempts to tarnish the name of Sunni Islam and to present an alternative, positive picture of Islam.


Radical strategies to counter ISIS’s online onslaught

The sound of male frogs croaking encourages captive frogs to mate. Researchers play it on a loop for hours in the rain chamber where fertile frogs are kept. Read more about how researchers are working to reverse the decline of endangered tropical frogs by studying their mating at : http://www.scidev.net/global/biodiversity/multimedia/frogs-conservation-prevent-extinction.html

Red-eyed tree frog calling sound

When the media reports on the fight against tuberculosis, it’s usually the scientific innovations that get coverage — the hunt for more effective vaccines, drugs and diagnostic tools.  

But an issue that deserves attention is the creative approaches to TB care adopted by those shouldering most of the burden: nurses. In countries where health systems are poorly funded and understaffed — 95 per cent of TB deaths are in low- and middle-income countries — nurses play a vital role, often acting as the primary care givers for patients who might rarely, if ever, see a doctor. 

In this interview for World TB Day, we speak to Gini Williams, a TB nurse consultant and pioneer of nurse training programmes. “It’s no good having new diagnostics and treatments if you don’t have access to them and [don’t] have people who know how to use them,” Williams says. ”Services and systems around supporting patients are very important.”   

The “human nature” of TB — a debilitating disease that can take months or years to cure, where the effectiveness of treatment hinges on an individual’s needs, responses and circumstances  — demands treatments that take into account more than the purely medical, Williams says. Treatment requires a holistic approach factoring in in people’s social, economic, environmental situations and psychological needs. And nurses are often best-placed to address these and to provide the patient support and education so vital to controlling TB.

Yet nurses rarely get rigorous TB training — rarer still training that focuses on the breadth of approaches needed to tackle the disease. Williams and her colleagues at the International Council of Nurses TB Project have therefore created training courses  designed and run by nurses, for nurses. These have led to improvements in infection control, made diagnostic processes more robust, and have strengthened relationships between both labs and clinics, and nurses and patients. 

Nurses have also been trained to research what techniques work where and how to improve systems, Williams says. This both helps strengthen TB response, and means that nurses can take the lead in shaping interventions to improve the lives and treatment outcomes of millions of people.

The interview was recorded yesterday at King’s College London, United Kingdom, at the opening of an exhibition of photographs by TB nurses in South Africa, organised by TB researcher Uta Grosse. 

http://www.scidev.net/global/tb/multimedia/innovative-training-nurses-tb-care.html


Innovative training for nurses on front-line of TB care

If a few decades ago environmental and climatic changes were the remit of scientists and activists only, now concerns over the future of the planet have gone mainstream.

Climate change and industrial pollution are now threatening the availability of food, and given the current rate at which humans are multiplying, within a few decades there may not be enough food to feed the world’s population. 

Now scientists are racing to protect our most precious asset, the world’s plants, 20 per cent of which are currently threatened.

Following the publication of one landmark study showing how plants’ diversity is under- represented in the world’s genetic archives, and how this could spell disaster for food security in the decades to come, we travelled to the world’s largest seed bank to investigate.

http://www.scidev.net/global/climate-change/multimedia/podcast-seed-investment-april-2016.html

Music for this podcast is by David Szesztay
You can listen, subscribe to and rate our podcast on iTunes
https://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/scidev.net/id969129651?mt=2


SciDev.Net podcast: seed investment

Global conflicts now often last longer than they did, and they are becoming more complex to understand and address. Some of the worst civil wars, for example in Syria or South Sudan, have now lasted so long that young children born there hardly remember peace. Food shortages can become severe during conflict, and people are much more vulnerable to extreme weather.

But crisis response is getting smarter, and humanitarian workers can now take advantage of planning tools such as satellite imagery. 

Images from space can help aid agencies restore food supplies, decide on how best to distribute funds and predict violence.

But emergency response during war isn’t the only time satellite imagery helps. A truly effective humanitarian response must follow the lives of refugees long after the immediate aftermath of a conflict, says Taner Kodanaz, a director at DigitalGlobe. 
The firm owns and manages an array of satellites that provide accurate imagery of human activities on the ground. It uses these to cooperate with international institutions such as the UN to analyse migration patterns and identify early warning of conflict.

In this interview, Kodanaz explores the many ways satellite technology supports humanitarian response and explains how space imagery is used to achieve aid goals.

http://www.scidev.net/global/aid/multimedia/satellites-humanitarian-work-refugees.html

The power of satellites in humanitarian work

The earthquake that last week killed at least 570 people in Ecuador is only the latest dot on the infamous Ring of Fire. 

Comprising a string of highly seismic sites and about three-quarters of the world’s active volcanoes, the Ring of Fire stretches all the way up the western coast of the Americas, round to Japan and on to the Philippines and New Zealand. 

Approximately 90 per cent of recorded earthquakes happen along this ring, making it an important location for scientists as well as a place that needs to be closely monitored to try to protect people living along it.

In the interview below, seismologist Susanne Sargeant explains how Ecuador’s earthquake was caused by the Nazca and Pacific plates, located between New Zealand and South America, rubbing together. 

The Earth’s surface is made from a floating jigsaw of such tectonic plates. Although large earthquakes are perceived as exceptional occurrences, the plates are constantly moving, albeit very slowly, and they are prone to shocks where they meet. 

This can cause earthquakes and tsunamis, but there is no way to predict exactly when and where they will strike, Sargeant says.

In a statement, the UN Special Representative for Disaster Risk Reduction Robert Glasser warned that the growth of densely populated cities in seismic areas raises the risk earthquakes pose, and preparedness is the only tool to ensure an earthquake-resistant future. 

When this interview was recorded, the death count in Ecuador was just above 200, but the toll has rapidly risen since then. Powerful aftershocks have caused further damage. 

If there is a lesson to learn from the tragedy, Sargeant says, it is the importance of weaving seismic awareness into the fabric of future cities, both architecturally and culturally. This may mean designing earthquake-proof buildings, but also learning to protect the most vulnerable, such as the elderly and children, in case of disasters.
http://www.scidev.net/global/disasters/multimedia/earthquake-ecuador-pacific-ring-fire.html

Lessons from the Pacific Ring of Fire

An interview with Brian Kamanzi, UCT engineering student, on what decolonising the curriculum means to him, and why STEM students need better grounding in the politics of science, industry and development.  

On 16 June 1976, thousands of schoolchildren took to the streets of the Johannesburg township of Soweto, in protest at the apartheid government’s imposition of Afrikaans as the language of instruction, as well as at broader government oppressions. The brutal police response to the Soweto uprising shocked the world and became a decisive moment in the history of apartheid resistance. Estimates of the numbers killed by police vary between 176 and 700.
 
Forty years later, the country is again seeing student protests — this time about fees, education access, curriculum reform and wider social injustices — expand from student sites of struggle to reshape broader spaces of debate. This is a very different South Africa, but one that many students and others believe has not changed enough in the two decades since the fight for democracy was won.

In a pair of interviews, we hear from two students heavily involved in the #RhodesMustFall movement and #FeesMustFall campaigns. Kealeboga Mase Ramaru is a graduate of the University of Cape Town (UCT) who now works for Equal Education, a movement working for education quality and equality in South Africa. Brian Kamanzi is a UCT engineering student. 

Here they discuss the background and goals of the campaigns, and their myriad sites of struggle. They reflect on the role of digital media in twenty-first century activism and the push “to create a new politics” — one that is less dominated by patriarchal structures and that creates a fairer, safer space for female and non-binary voices. And Kamanzi discusses why it is so crucial to ensure science, technology, engineering and mathematics courses have a much stronger political component, equipping students with the critical capacity for interrogating the politics of industry and development in South Africa and beyond. 

The interviews were recorded at the Going Global conference in Cape Town, South Africa, last month, by Imogen Mathers. 

This is part of the Africa’s PhD Renaissance series on higher education across the continent, funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York.


http://www.scidev.net/global/education/multimedia/south-african-student-politics-soweto.html




Student politics, science and the push for self-determination

The state of education in South Africa has been the focus of sustained protest and political debate over the past 18 months. With the rise of the student-led Rhodes Must Fall and Fees Must Fall campaigns in early 2015, debates have raged over the escalating price of university education, the content of curriculums and broader problems of social inequality. 
But there are massive problems in the primary and secondary sectors too. Access to quality education remains deeply unequal and divided along social lines. Critics say the government has done far too little to improve education in the 22 years since the end of apartheid, and in many areas the situation seems to be getting worse, with overcrowding, and inadequate resources and staff. About 80 per cent of South Africa’s 25,000 schools are officially classified as struggling. 
In this audio feature, recorded in Cape Town in May, I speak to primary teachers and students as well as education experts from the Partners for Possibility programme, which is working to overhaul government primary schools. It is building partnerships between school principals and local business leaders to bring the innovation and creative skills of South Africa’s flourishing business sector into state education. Together, principals and their business partners assess what the problems facing schools are and come up with solutions. Funding and training collaborations between businesses, universities and local civil society then work to put these in place. 
Central to this is the idea of schools as the hub of communities, connecting parents, families, teachers and local organisations. I visited Kannemeyer Primary School in a neighbourhood in the Cape Flats, a series of townships lying on the south-west fringes of Cape Town. There I spoke to the principal, staff and students of the school about the challenges facing South African education, and what they have been doing to tackle these head on. “We need to get every school to develop and restore full citizenship to all our children,” the principal, Ridwan Samodien, told me. “All the adults, all the citizens need to hold the hands of our children, so that together we can get our children on the correct path to success and to make a meaningful difference in this country.”  

With thanks to the staff and pupils of Kannymeyer Primary School, Cape Town. 
http://www.scidev.net/global/education/multimedia/partnerships-south-african-schools.html

New partnerships bring hope to South African schools

Hear MSF’s Elvina Motard explain how new technologies are transforming emergency response. 

With humanitarian crises intensifying worldwide, medical relief organisations are increasingly stretched. The protracted nature of conflicts also poses a challenge: rather than running short-term operations, charities such as Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) are now in countries for far longer. And this means they need more durable kit, clinics built from long-lasting materials rather than the traditional tented encampments, and robust infrastructure.  

I spoke to Elvina Motard, MSF technical team leader based in Belgium. She and her team have been experimenting with 3D printing and virtual reality to improve the design and effectiveness of hospitals and training programmes for field staff. 

Until recently, MSF used 2D drawings when designing hospitals. But for medical staff and others unfamiliar with architectural design, such drawings can be hard to visualise as real structures. Today the organisation uses 3D printed models to help the process. Medical staff, architects and engineers can get together, discuss what the medical needs and contextual constraints are, and use 3D models of buildings, equipment and technical elements to design the best possible hospital. 

Similarly, virtual reality programs that enable users to navigate hospitals can immerse staff in their design and acclimatise new field staff to the environments to which they will be exposed. 

MSF is planning further uses for these technologies. Top of its list is to design a program that guides staff through medical procedures. As crises deepen worldwide and wars drag on, innovations like these can improve the care that people receive in crises. 


3D printing and virtual reality transform crisis response

For most people a doctor is probably the first port of call when it comes to informFor most people a doctor is probably the first port of call when it comes to information about how to keep in good health. Still, much guidance gets broadcast by the media, and in developing countries the radio remains a major source of public health advice.

But just how much is the impact of the mass media? Do they save lives, and at what cost? 

For five years, the West African country of Burkina Faso has been a testing ground for a media campaign designed to answer these elusive questions using the gold standard of scientific study, a cluster-randomised clinical trial. The trial targeted child mortality, treating the media as any other health intervention and measuring lives saved after three years of continuous radio programming with information about behaviours that can prevent disease, such as taking a child to a health centre.

SciDev.Net spoke to the project’s leader, Roy Head, CEO of the social enterprise Development Media International. Head explains the rationale behind the study and offers a preview of the results, due to be published later this year. 

The interview was recorded on 23 February at the 2017 ISNTD Festival organised by the International Society of Neglected Tropical Diseases in London, UK.
ation about how to keep in good health. Still, much guidance gets broadcast by the media, and in developing countries the radio remains a major source of public health advice.

But just how much is the impact of the mass media? Do they save lives, and at what cost? 

For five years, the West African country of Burkina Faso has been a testing ground for a media campaign designed to answer these elusive questions using the gold standard of scientific study, a cluster-randomised clinical trial. The trial targeted child mortality, treating the media as any other health intervention and measuring lives saved after three years of continuous radio programming with information about behaviours that can prevent disease, such as taking a child to a health centre.

SciDev.Net spoke to the project’s leader, Roy Head, CEO of the social enterprise Development Media International. Head explains the rationale behind the study and offers a preview of the results, due to be published later this year. 

The interview was recorded on 23 February at the 2017 ISNTD Festival organised by the International Society of Neglected Tropical Diseases in London, UK.

http://www.scidev.net/global/health/multimedia/mass-media-save-lives-the-evidence.html

Do mass media save lives? The evidence is in

Every year, the UN’s World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and partner institutions publish an index that ranks the innovation prowess of some 150 countries around the world. 

In this audio interview Francis Gurry, WIPO’s director general, explains how the diversity of innovation on the ground in India shows a need to think about improving the Global Innovation Index so it’s a better reflection of reality and better captures innovation in large, diverse economies, including China and the United States.  

The index needs to take into account activities at the grassroots, and countries’ local circumstances more generally, he said.

Gurry’s reflection came as a consequence of attending the Festival of Innovation organised in Delhi by the National Innovation Foundation this month (4-10 March). Hosted by India’s president, the event brought together citizen inventors, students and experts from around the world gathered to discuss the country’s drive for inclusive innovation.

Although India has risen 15 places up the Global Innovation Index, and is expected to rise further, it’s still ranked lower than it should, according to Gurry. It performs extremely well in quality of its human resources, the number of science and engineering graduates produced every year, ICT services and creative goods exports. Where he sees need for improvement, however, is on pupil to teacher ratio, and on the ease of starting a business.

The interview, recorded in Delhi during the festival, also touches on what the rest of the world can learn from how India’s innovation foundation works to support students and citizen inventors from around the country.

http://www.scidev.net/global/innovation/multimedia/india-global-innovation-index-gurry.html

India prompts rethink for global innovation index

Pleins feux, dans cette dixième édition de Santé, Science et Développement, sur l'état de la transfusion sanguine en Afrique, à la faveur d'un symposium à Abidjan. L'envoyé spécial de SSD état sur place. Pendant ce temps, des millions de citadins se débattent toujours avec la pollution due aux gaz d'échappement dans les grandes villes africaines, notamment Cotonou, où près de 300.000 taxis-motos sévissent. Cette dixième édition s'intéresse également à un problème de santé majeur en Afrique, la drépanocytose. Thérèsa Maria Ségbaya à Conakry s'est intéressée aux souffrances des malades Guinéens.

Santé, Science et Développement

Santé, Science et Développement - Episode 10

L’épisode No 11 de Santé, Science et Développement est consacré au lancement d’une plateforme de certification et de recensement des décès au Burkina Faso…
L’initiative est perçue comme un complément essentiel aux politiques existantes en matière de santé.
Cette édition s’intéresse également à l’invasion des punaises en Guinée, où un pic du nombre de ces insectes hématophages a été constaté, provoquant l’ire de la population, qui appelle les pouvoirs publics à l’aide.
Santé, Science et Développement, une présentation de Sylvie Akoussan.

Santé, Science et Développement - Episode 11

SciDev.Net podcasts look at key global development issues and the ways in which science can have a positive impact on equitable and sustainable development and poverty reduction. 

SciDev.Net

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