Small molecules, antibodies, gene therapies – there are so many types of medicines scientists can consider when developing a new treatment for a disease. In this episode, Karin Briner, Senior Vice President and Head of Drug Discovery, joins co-host Maria Wilson to break down different therapeutic modalities, or types of treatments. Together, they cover a wide range of modalities in our drug development toolbox – including RNA-based therapies, large molecules, cell therapies, and newer small molecule approaches like protein degraders – highlighting the challenges and opportunities presented by each while also providing a look ahead to innovations that could lead to more effective treatments for a range of diseases.

Read the full text transcript at www.gene.com/stories/a-deep-dive-into-drug-modalities

S5E08: A Deep Dive into Drug Modalities

Machine learning and generative AI are transforming the ways we live and work, but how do these tools fit into the landscape of drug discovery? In our season 5 finale, co-host Danielle Mandikian is joined by Rich Bonneau, Vice President of Machine Learning, Drug Discovery, to break down the fast-paced, expansive – and sometimes perplexing – world of AI and biology. Together, they discuss the importance of integrating machine learning with traditional lab work, the need for minimizing bias in datasets, and the exciting potential for these technologies to unlock better and more complex medicines.

Read the full text transcript at www.gene.com/stories/ai-and-the-future-of-medicine

S5E09: AI and The Future of Medicine

Join Danielle Mandikian and Maria Wilson as they kick off season six of Two Scientists Walk Into A Bar. Hear what they’ve been up to in the past few months and enjoy a sneak preview of the exciting topics ahead. This season, we’re focusing on unmet needs and will dive deeper into lung diseases, regenerative medicine, and cell therapies. We’ll also check in on the latest advances in obesity, antibiotic resistance, and AI in drug discovery. We've got an impressive lineup of brilliant guests that you won’t want to miss! Subscribe today to get notified about our latest episodes. 

Read the full text transcript at www.gene.com/stories/season-six-teaser

Season Six Teaser

As we kick off season six, we’re diving deeper into one of our most popular topics from last season – our evolving understanding of obesity. In this episode, co-host Maria Wilson unpacks the latest in obesity biology and management with Manu Chakravarthy, Senior Vice President and Global Head of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism Product Development, who discusses the stigma associated with obesity and how thousands of years of human evolution contribute to this chronic condition. While lifestyle, diet and exercise modifications are still essential in addressing the biological factors that drive obesity, they explore how emerging treatments have the potential to rewire the brain’s hunger and satiety signals – offering a more personalized, sustainable approach. 

Read the full text transcript at www.gene.com/stories/digging-deeper-into-obesity

S6E01: Digging Deeper into Obesity

We published our first episode on the threat of antibiotic resistance in 2016, and nearly a decade later, it remains one of the world’s most pressing health crises. Today, with advances in artificial intelligence (AI), the race to develop new antibiotics is evolving. In this episode, co-host Danielle Mandikian sits down with guests Tommaso Biancalani, Distinguished Scientist and Director of Biological Research and AI Development, and Steven Rutherford, Senior Principal Scientist and Director of Infectious Diseases in Research Biology, to share the latest in the fight against antibiotic resistance. Together, they discuss the challenges of antibiotic discovery and development, and how AI could streamline the process of identifying novel antibiotics within the vast, uncharted chemical universe. 

Read the full text transcript at www.gene.com/stories/ai-and-the-quest-for-new-antibiotics

S6E02: AI and the Quest for New Antibiotics

Each season we discuss new, exciting breakthroughs in cancer research. With evolving technologies enhancing how we understand and target the underlying drivers of cancer, the journey to developing more effective and safer therapies is advancing rapidly. In this episode, co-host Danielle Mandikian speaks with first-time guest Jennifer Schutzman, Executive Group Medical Director, Early Clinical Development, and returning guest Fred de Sauvage, Vice President of Research Oncology, about the innovative approaches scientists are taking to redefine cancer care. They discuss the promise of earlier detection and intervention, patient-centered treatment strategies, persistent challenges in the field, and how scientists are working to close the gap on unmet needs in cancer care. 

Read the full text transcript at www.gene.com/stories/new-frontiers-in-cancer

S6E03: New Frontiers in Cancer

Digital twins are virtual models of real-world systems that have been gaining momentum as a powerful tool in drug discovery and development. We touched on this concept last season when we covered computational advancements in drug discovery. Now, we’re taking a deeper dive into the power of digital twins. By leveraging genomics, physical health data, lab results, and other clinical datasets, digital twins allow researchers to model certain diseases, help predict treatment outcomes, and more efficiently optimize dosing strategies for clinical studies. In this episode, co-host Maria Wilson is joined by Iraj Hosseini, Distinguished Scientist and Director, gRED Development Sciences, to explore how digital twins could simulate thousands of "what if" scenarios, paving the way for faster and more patient-centric therapeutic strategies.

Read the full text transcript at www.gene.com/stories/the-power-of-digital-twins

S6E04: The Power of Digital Twins

Cell therapy holds immense potential to transform the way we treat conditions in oncology, ophthalmology, autoimmune disorders, and a wide range of other therapeutic areas. But how do these engineered cells work, and how do scientists ensure they are safe and function as intended? In this episode, co-host Danielle Mandikian sits down with Todd McDevitt, Head of Cell Therapy, to discuss how cell therapies operate within the body, the challenges researchers face in this field, and the advancements needed to unlock their full potential for patients.

Read the full text transcript at www.gene.com/stories/cells-at-work

S6E05: Cells at Work

From our first breath, the air we breathe and our genes shape how our lungs function. It’s a complex interplay we began exploring in our season four episode “Take A Deep Breath: Treating Asthma.” Today, we’re branching out to discuss lung biology and the diseases that make it difficult to breathe. In this episode, co-host Maria Wilson speaks with Dorothy Cheung, Executive Group Medical Director, and Daniel Lafkas, Senior Principal Scientist, Translational Discovery Research, Roche, to understand how conditions with unmet need like chronic bronchitis and emphysema disrupt lung function. They discuss the challenges to treating lung diseases and explore promising approaches, from cutting-edge imaging technologies that help researchers uncover early drivers of disease, to treatments aimed at stopping the loss of lung function and restoring it.

Read the full text transcript at www.gene.com/stories/decoding-lung-disease

S6E06: Decoding Lung Disease

In our season six finale, we dive deeper into how artificial intelligence (AI) is shaping the future of drug discovery and scientific research. With remarkable scale and speed, AI models parse through complex datasets and confirm or generate hypotheses, which can help scientists accelerate R&D. In this episode, co-host Danielle Mandikian welcomes Aviv Regev, Head of gRED, and Jure Leskovec, Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University, to talk about foundation models and autonomous agents. Together, they explore the opportunities and challenges of applying AI in drug discovery, including balancing innovation with scientific rigor and the evolving role of scientists. They also discuss how AI is reshaping the future of research — from building more biologically meaningful models to advancing agent-based systems and lab automation. 

Read the full text transcript at www.gene.com/stories/foundation-models-and-agents

S6E07: Foundation Models and Agents

If your body was a city, then connective tissue would be the infrastructure tying everything together. It’s a hidden universe that helps many types of cells talk to each other and helps us fight diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or cancer. That’s why Shannon Turley has dedicated her research to uncovering the complexities of connective tissue, from her days as a graduate student shuttling ice boxes of live cells on the train to Principal Scientist of Cancer Immunology at Genentech. Hear more from Shannon on our debut episode of Season 2!

S2E01: Connective Tissue: The Hidden Metropolis

From research on cancer vaccines to why we feel pain, scientists are tackling some of the biggest challenges in human biology. Want to find out what they’re working on? Pull up a stool for "Two Scientists Walk Into a Bar." Subscribe below to catch each episode as it goes live.