Apobothra - In Search for an Explanation [Spaceal Orbeats, December 2013]

The main theory of theoretical physics over a few past decades is the Superstring theory. It is the main candidate for unification of Einstein's General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.
The Superstring theory predicts that our Universe has more than four space-time dimensions.
But other dimensions are too compactly convolved, so human eyes or any other instruments (no matter how precise they are) are extremely improbable to be sufficient to detect these hidden dimensions.
The earliest forms of the Superstring theory depicted our Universe as a 10-dimensional structure, where we have four standard space-time dimensions and six additory dimensions convolved in a structure called 'Calabi-Yau Manifold'.
The idea of such manifolds was first proposed by mathematician Eugenio Calabi and then was proved by Shing-Tung Yau. As a result, such manifolds are named after them.
Moreover, the Superstring theory claims existence of these hidden dimensions. If they don't exist, the theory seems to fail.

Beatport

Calabi-Yau Manifold [Spaceal Orbeats - In Search for an Explanation LP]

Seems like everyone have seen science fiction movies or read some articles where the center of a black hole called ‘singularity’ is considered as an entrance to another Universe. Almost all the people take such information as a joke or valid only as a part of science fiction I guess. However, contemporary science makes such conjecture quite probable.
In 1972 Jacob Bekenstein was the first theoretical physicist to suggest that black holes do have entropy for correspondence with the Second Law of Thermodynamics. It is important that the amount of entropy as well as the amount of information within a black hole is defined by the area of black hole’s event horizon, not by its volume. That makes us capable to define the amount of information of a 3-dimensional object by its 2-dimensional area. 
This leads to the most exciting idea in theoretical physics, as for me:  the concept of our Universe functioning as a hologram, first proposed by Juan Maldacena. It means that all the processes within our 3-spacedimensional Universe such as our everyday life, thoughts, activities as well as everything we see, think and perceive are predicted by the processes occurring on the 2-dimensional boundary of our Universe.
If this is true, what an observer, who exists within such object, sees as an entire Universe, should be seen as a black hole for an external observer. And that finally means that if this idea depicts reality, we all live inside the black hole.


We All Live Inside The Black Hole [Spaceal Orbeats - In Search for an Explanation LP]

‘The Sculptor Wall’ is a real astronomical term. It is a wall-shaped superstructure of galaxies relatively near to the Milky Way, about 400 million light-years from Earth. The structure sweeps through the southern skies across nearly a billion light years of space. It is filled with recently discovered intergalactic gas. This discovery is the strongest evidence yet that the “missing matter” (which is different from “dark matter”) in the nearby Universe is located in an enormous web of hot, diffuse gas.

The Sculptor Wall [Spaceal Orbeats - In Search for an Explanation LP]

Magnetar is a title of a neutron star with a super-strong magnetic field. Such stars are actually the most magnetic stars in a whole Universe. You can imagine a star with mass slightly more than sun’s, the density of a neutron and a magnetic field about a thousand trillion (a one followed by 15 zeroes) times stronger than Earth’s. The field strength is so intense that it heats the surface to 18 million degrees Fahrenheit. Magnetars aren’t powered by a conventional mechanism such as nuclear fusion or rotation and they are not totally understood yet. However, scientists are quite sure in the existence of these magnetic monsters and some of them have already been observed. 
One example is the magnetar called 1E 2259 which is located some 18,000 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Cassiopeia. It suddenly began bursting in June 2002 with over 80 bursts recorded within a 4-hour window. Since then, it hasn’t disturbed the depths of space.

Magnetar [Spaceal Orbeats - In Search for an Explanation LP]

The main objects of the Superstring theory are so-called strings. A string in this case is a 1-dimensional object which looks as a particle to us because we are not able to see its real structure as it is too small for our eyes as well as for all the instruments which are used to make observations.
I have already described the term Calabi-Yau Manifold (hope the description was clear enough). And there are some processes which might occur within such Calabi-Yau Space structure. One of them was first proposed by Brian Greene, David Morrison and Paul Aspinwall simultaneously with Edward Witten.
The process is called Flop-transition. This term was initially developed by mathematicians, but as it often happens, physicists find some things from abstract mathematics very useful in application to physical objects, either abstract or real. Imagine a shrinking sphere which is located within such manifold. Although these manifolds are too compact to be detected, their size is enough to include an even smaller object. So, such sphere might be shrunken within a manifold and eventually it ends up literally vanishing from existence. As a result, the space-time structure in that place is torn apart. That is far deeper than we can imagine. For instance, we can imagine empty space with no particles or fields included. But there are not even space and time themselves remain in that process. After such terrible thing occurred, the whole process ends up with rejuvenation of Calabi-Yau Manifold which contained the shrinking sphere. However, a new manifold tends to be different from the initial state. It remains 6-dimensional and also retains some other traits but the structure of it has to be completely different after the rejuvenation.
This is a brief description of the process and I want to spotlight how the track is evolving. There is a moment in the middle of the track which ends up with a synth followed by delay which is the only thing remaining in the mixdown in that moment. That’s how I tried to depict the process of the space-time structure is being torn. And as you can see, dubchords in the second part of the track are processed in a far different way than they had been processed before. That depicts that the states of an initial Calabi-Yau space and its rejuvenated counterpart are completely different.
Hope you enjoy : )


Flop-transition [Spaceal Orbeats - In Search for an Explanation LP]

A fogbow is much like a rainbow, made from the same configuration of sunlight and moisture, but caused by the small droplets inside fog or a cloud rather than larger raindrops. Just as with rainbows, fogbows are seen in the direction opposite the sun. Look for one in a thin fog, when the sun is bright. You might see one when the sun breaks through a fog. Or watch over the ocean. Because of the small size of water droplets in fog, a fogbow might have only very weak colors, or no color at all. Colorless fogbows are sometimes called white rainbows.
The Cowichan Valley is a region around the Cowichan River and Cowichan Lake on Vancouver Island, in British Columbia.

Fogbow over the Cowichan Valley [Spaceal Orbeats - In Search for an Explanation LP]

Imagine a highly advanced civilization, which is located somewhere in the Universe. Any technological civilization is, in fact, increasing its energy consumption with time, as humanity does. So, it needs a good source of energy.
All the planets have finite amount of energy sources such as fossil and nuclear fuels. Thus, a civilization has to move out from its parent planet to collect energy directly from a star or a star system. It will construct a huge amount of solar arrays which would be capable to transmit energy back to the planet. Eventually, the parent star might be entirely enclosed by a cloud of satellites, allowing the civilization to make use of almost all the energy produced by the star.
Such hypothetical structure is called Dyson Sphere. It is named after U.S. physicist and mathematician Freeman Dyson, who was the first to propose a possibility of existence of such objects.
There are some variations of a Dyson Sphere. A cloud of satellites depicted above is one example, sometimes called Dyson swarm or Dyson ring. It is the closest approximation to the initial Dyson’s idea. Dyson swarm consists of huge amount of constructs, each with an independent orbit. Each satellite would be stable on its own and capable of beaming its energy back to the planet.
Another example, most often depicted in fiction, is Dyson shell. This is a structure entirely enclosing its parent star. Such structure would completely absorb the emission of the central star, making the host civilization capable of using 100% of its energy output. It would also provide the host with an immense habitable zone (if the surface could be made habitable). Although Dyson shell has these advantages it is probably unfeasible, according to Dyson himself.
Such objects are now looked for as their existence could be a sign of extraterrestrial life, though none of them have been found yet.

Dyson Sphere [Spaceal Orbeats - In Search for an Explanation LP]

As I wrote at the description to ‘Calabi-Yau Manifold’ track, the superstring theory initially depicted our Universe as a 10-dimensional structure. Things changed, however, after 1995, when one of the most prominent theoretical physicists of the second half of XX century, Edward Witten, proposed the unified theory of previously distinctive parts of the superstring theory. 
The unified one was titled M-theory. There are some ideas about the emanation of the letter M in the title. According to Witten himself for example, M can stand for ‘magic’, ‘mystery’ or ‘matrix’.  Some physicists offered their own ideas about meaning of the M, such as ‘membrane’, ‘mother’ (the mother of all theories), ‘master’ and even the reversed W, which is the first one of Witten’s surname.
M-theory has one additional dimension which belongs to the structure of strings themselves. The superstring theory considered all the strings as 1-dimensional objects, whereas the M-theory extended this by adding multidimensional so-called branes.
As I wrote above, there had been a variety of the Superstring theories before Witten proposed the unified one. That was the main problem of the superstring theory, as all scientific institutes aim to unify their knowledge under the ‘final theory’. And although the superstring theory was the main candidate for such final theory in whole physics, it had five variations which seemed to be absolutely correct, and physicists could not unify all of their knowledge under it. Regardless of the same roots which all five theories had, scientists saw a profound problem in that.
Fortunately, after Witten’s proposal and further works, M-theory looks like the main candidate for the unification again.

11-Dimensional Universe Within a 2-Dimensional Boundary [Spaceal Orbeats]

Here's the remix of my track 'Dyson Sphere' by Alexander Saykov

Dyson Sphere (Alexander Saykov remix) [Spaceal Orbeats - In Search for an Explanation LP]

Aleksei Klimkin (Apobothra) is a Moscow based electronic music producer who has been inspired by such musicians as The Future Sound of London, Autechre, Biosphere, Brian Eno, Basic Channel / Rhythm & Sound, DeepChord / Echospace, ASC / Mindpsan, bvdub, Fluxion, Quantec, Fingers In The Noise and others. 
Starting with drum&bass in 2006 his tastes have gradually shifted to deeper electronic music such as dub techno, deep techno and ambient. Many of his tracks have been supported by some big names on the scene. 
His first release with Apobothra alias was released on Spaceal Orbeats label in the end of 2013 and simultaneously became his first album. It is called ‘In Search for an Explanation’ and the production style there is based on author’s intoxication by science and particularly by astrophysics.
In real life "Apobothra" is an astronomical term whose meaning is quite similar to "Apogee", but while Apogee is the point of greatest distance between the Earth and its orbiting object, Apobothra is the furthermost point on the Black Hole orbit.