Philip K Dick - Ubik

Francis Bacon - Novum Organum

Plutarch - On Awareness Of Progress In Virtue

David Hume - Essays Moral, Political, and Literary

Albert Camus - Letters To A German Friend

This lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books

It focuses specifically on the character Therru, a terribly abused child who was beaten, starved, and raped by her parents and their gang. She is thrown into a fire and left for dead, but survives and is adopted by Tenar, who raises her and tries to help her heal.


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Ursula K  Leguin, Tehanu - Therru's Abuse, Fear, And Healing - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th Century American science-fiction short story writer and novelist, Philip K. Dick's novel Ubik

It focuses specifically on one of the key features of the narrative world Dick develops in the story, namely the technology of Cold-Pac, which allows people who have experienced bodily death to be kept at cold temperatures and have their brains and thereby consciousnesses maintained, extending them for a while into "half-life". They do eventually run down and die after their energies are exhausted, and perhaps are reincarnated or have their consciousness simply drift off into space. Within half-life, there are some predatorial people who consume the lives of other people in order to extend their own half-lives.

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Philip Dick, Ubik - Death, Cold-Pac, and Half-Life - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th Century American science-fiction short story writer and novelist, Philip K. Dick's novel Ubik

It focuses specifically on one of the main aspects of the worldbuilding in the novel, namely that there are intelligent machines of all sorts that serve human beings, but mostly for a price. They charge for their services, and often banter with, and take positions on human beings.

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Philip Dick, Ubik - Homeostatic Machines And Payments - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th Century American science-fiction short story writer and novelist, Philip K. Dick's novel Ubik

It focuses specifically on one of the central themes involved in the plot and worldbuilding of the story, namely the existence of psionic talents such as telepathy and precognition, and the existence of anti-psionic talents (called inertials) that nullify those psionic talents. Most of the psionic and anti-psionic talents work for companies, like that of Ray Hollis or Glen Runciter

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Philip Dick, Ubik - Psionic and Antipsionic Talents - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th Century American science-fiction short story writer and novelist, Philip K. Dick's novel Ubik

It focuses specifically on the role that "prudence organizations", that is companies that employ anti-psionic talents or "inertials" to block or combat psionic talents, play in the world of the novel. These prudence organizations also belong to a "society" which engages in action on their behalf against companies that employ psionic talents like telepaths and precogs. We get a glimpse of the kinds of advertisement appeals made by prudence organizations early on in the novel as well.

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Philip Dick, Ubik - Prudence Organizations And The Society - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th Century American science-fiction short story writer and novelist, Philip K. Dick's novel Ubik

It focuses specifically on the advertisement copy framing Ubik as a variety of different commodities and services that begin nearly each chapter of the novel. Most of them also include cautions that the product must only be used as directed. And the final one is a rather enigmatic theological or metaphysical declaration on the part of Ubik

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Philip Dick, Ubik - The Ubik Advertisements - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher and essayist David Hume's essay "The Stoic", found in his Essays Moral, Political, and Literary, the first of his four essays that bear names of members of philosophical schools, about which he tells us: "The intention . . . is not so much to explain accurately the sentiments of the ancient sects of philosophy, as to deliver the sentiments of sects, that naturally form themselves in the world, and entertain different ideas of human life and of happiness. I have given each of them the name of the philosophical sect, to which it bears the greatest affinity."

He subtitles The Stoic " the man of action and virtue", and the essay both responds to the perspective of the previous essay and develops a perspective that transcends it, viewing the pursuit of virtue, the active life, and the enjoyment of glory as what is genuinely valuable

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David Hume, Essays Moral, Political, and Literary - The Stoic - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher and essayist David Hume's essay "The Platonist", found in his Essays Moral, Political, and Literary, the first of his four essays that bear names of members of philosophical schools, about which he tells us: "The intention . . . is not so much to explain accurately the sentiments of the ancient sects of philosophy, as to deliver the sentiments of sects, that naturally form themselves in the world, and entertain different ideas of human life and of happiness. I have given each of them the name of the philosophical sect, to which it bears the greatest affinity."

He subtitles The Platonist "the man of contemplation, and philosophical devotion", and the essay both responds to the perspectives of the two previous essays and develops a perspective that transcends them, viewing contemplation of the beauty of the universe and the benevolence of God as most valuable.

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David Hume, Essays Moral, Political, and Literary - The Platonist - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher and essayist David Hume's essay "The Skeptic", found in his Essays Moral, Political, and Literary, the first of his four essays that bear names of members of philosophical schools, about which he tells us: "The intention . . . is not so much to explain accurately the sentiments of the ancient sects of philosophy, as to deliver the sentiments of sects, that naturally form themselves in the world, and entertain different ideas of human life and of happiness. I have given each of them the name of the philosophical sect, to which it bears the greatest affinity."

The Skeptic is the longest of the four essays, and can be taken as a short presentation of Hume's own ideas about philosophy and life. The perspective of this fourth essay calls into question the perspectives of the three previous essays, and focuses not only on the difference in viewpoints on important matters between human beings, but also on why this is the case. It turns out the ascriptions of values such as beautiful or ugly, worthy or contemptible are additions to judgements about the truth or falsity of matters, and these value-ascriptions derive from a number of particular circumstances.

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David Hume, Essays Moral, Political, and Literary - The Skeptic - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher and essayist David Hume's essay "The Epicurean", found in his Essays Moral, Political, and Literary, the first of his four essays that bear names of members of philosophical schools, about which he tells us: "The intention . . . is not so much to explain accurately the sentiments of the ancient sects of philosophy, as to deliver the sentiments of sects, that naturally form themselves in the world, and entertain different ideas of human life and of happiness. I have given each of them the name of the philosophical sect, to which it bears the greatest affinity."

He subtitles The Epicurean "the man of elegance and pleasure", and the essay elaborates a position that holds the point of life to be pleasure and enjoyment, which requires that one develop some level of virtue and select pleasures prudently.

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David Hume, Essays Moral, Political, and Literary - The Epicurean - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early modern philosopher Francis Bacon's work Novum Organum, specifically the section in book 1 covering the "four idols of the human mind"

This episode focuses specifically on his description of the first type of idol, those of the tribe, which have to do with our shared human nature, as members of the same human race. Bacon examines what distinctive sorts of errors of these types we can fall into and how they can arise.

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Francis Bacon, Novum Oraganum - The Idols Of The Tribe - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early modern philosopher Francis Bacon's work Novum Organum, specifically the section in book 1 covering the "four idols of the human mind"

This episode focuses specifically on his description of the second type of idol, those of the cave or den, which have to do with human individuals.  Bacon examines what distinctive sorts of errors of these types we can fall into and how they can arise.

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Francis Bacon, Novum Oraganum - The Idols Of The Cave - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early modern philosopher Francis Bacon's work Novum Organum, specifically the section in book 1 covering the "four idols of the human mind"

This episode focuses specifically on his description of the third type of idol, those of the market, which derive from our use of language to communicate our thoughts and to engage in inquiry.  Bacon examines what distinctive sorts of errors of these types we can fall into and how they can arise.

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Francis Bacon, Novum Oraganum - The Idols Of The Market - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early modern philosopher Francis Bacon's work Novum Organum, specifically the section in book 1 covering the "four idols of the human mind"

This episode focuses specifically on his description of the fourth type of idol, those of the theater, which derive from either entire philosophical systems, which Bacon likens to fictions and plays, or from perverted rules of demonstration,  or from too exclusive of a focus on one aspect or element of a science. Bacon divides the three kinds of philosophies he criticizes into sophistic (exemplified by Aristotle), empiric, and superstitious or theological (exemplified by Plato). 

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Francis Bacon, Novum Oraganum - The Idols Of The Theater - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Middle Platonist philosopher and biographer Plutarch's essay On Awareness Of Progress In Virtue

This episode focuses specifically on his criticisms of the standard Stoic position on virtue and vice, which is that  every person is either virtuous or vicious, with no middle state. The Stoics (with some exceptions like Epictetus) also seem to think that there is no such thing as "making progress" towards virtue and away from vice.

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Plutarch, On Awareness Of Progress In Virtue - Problems With Stoic Views - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Middle Platonist philosopher and biographer Plutarch's essay On Awareness Of Progress In Virtue

This episode focuses specifically on how we can use consistency as a sign and also a means of making moral progress. He argues that we are either making progress or falling back, so this means that we need to keep choosing to commit to a life of virtue, and that we need to maintain discipline and training.

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Plutarch, On Awareness Of Progress In Virtue - Consistency As Progress - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Middle Platonist philosopher and biographer Plutarch's essay On Awareness Of Progress In Virtue

This episode focuses specifically on his discussion of a yearning for philosophy, not typical academic philosophy but actual philosophy as a way of life, as an index for whether a person is making moral progress or not. He examines what this looks like in a person and how it leads them to prioritize philosophy over other matters in their lives

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Plutarch, On Awareness Of Progress In Virtue - Yearning For Philosophy - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Middle Platonist philosopher and biographer Plutarch's essay On Awareness Of Progress In Virtue

This episode focuses specifically on his discussion of why it is important not to give ourselves a pass or make excuses when we fail in minor ways, if the goal is to make moral progress. He develops an analogy to building projects. If the goal is to build rough structures, it is fine to make the foundation out of any old stuff, but if one wants to build a valuable building, more careful planning and materials are needed

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Plutarch, On Awareness Of Progress In Virtue - Taking Minor Failings Seriously - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Middle Platonist philosopher and biographer Plutarch's essay On Awareness Of Progress In Virtue

This episode focuses specifically on his discussions bearing upon something he takes as an important index for our development, namely the changes in our discourse. He looks a number of different aspects of this, one of which is the topics that we focus on talking about with others in philosophy.  He also thinks that we should avoid using philosophy for making a display in social gatherings, and that we need to curb contention, anger, arrogance, and exasperation.

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Plutarch, On Awareness Of Progress In Virtue - Evaluation of One's Own Discourse - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, novelist, and essayist Albert Camus' four Letters To A German Friend (anthologized in Resistance, Rebellion, and Death: Essays)

Specifically it examines the first letter, which elaborates the theme of love for one's country. He makes a distinction between two different conceptions of love for one's country, one which subordinates all other values and realities to one's country (as the Nazis do), and one that holds one's country to higher standards (as the French do), which seems to put them at a disadvantage.

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Albert Camus, Letter To A German Friend - Letter 1: Loving One's Country - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, novelist, and essayist Albert Camus' four Letters To A German Friend (anthologized in Resistance, Rebellion, and Death: Essays)

Specifically it examines the second letter, which builds upon and expands themes from the first letter, specifically holding one's country to standards. This is connected with a refusal to subordinate or suppress intelligence in favor of a misguided patriotism.

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Albert Camus, Letter To A German Friend - Letter 2: The Price Of Intelligence - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, novelist, and essayist Albert Camus' four Letters To A German Friend (anthologized in Resistance, Rebellion, and Death: Essays)

Specifically it examines the third letter, which elaborates the theme of the meaning of Europe, a matter where fascists and nationalists like the Nazis view matters one way and other Europeans view matters differently. The Nazis view Europe as something to possess and dominate, a system of resources to exploit. Camus advocates viewing Europe much as he views France, as something valuable, to which one can belong, and which has to be held to standards of justice and truth.

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Albert Camus, Letter To A German Friend - Letter 3: Europe's Meaning - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, novelist, and essayist Albert Camus' four Letters To A German Friend (anthologized in Resistance, Rebellion, and Death: Essays)

Specifically it examines the fourth and final letter, which looks at the importance of attending to the demands of justice but also human happiness when considering what one owes to one's country, and whether it is worth fighting or not

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Albert Camus, Letter To A German Friend - Letter 4: Justice and Happiness - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosophical short story writer, essayist, and poet Jorge Luis Borges's story "The Writing Of The God" which can be found in Collected Fictions. 

It centers on a priest Tzinacán, previously serving at the pyramid of Qaholom, now imprisoned for the rest of his life in a dark cell. There is a jaguar on the other side. Inspired by a legend about the god, he attempts to discern what the writing of the god would be, and eventually deciphers it

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Jorge Luis Borges - The Writing Of The God - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosophical short story writer, essayist, and poet Jorge Luis Borges's story "The Theologians" which can be found in Collected Fictions. 

It centers on a (perhaps one-way) rivalry between two Christian theologians, Aurelian and John of Pannonia, in a time when the Christian church is struggling with a number of heresies, some opposed to each other. John and Aurelian both produce refutations of one heresy, and then when Aurelian uses a passage from John's earlier refutation in a new refutation of a different heresy, John is condemned as a heretic.  In the end, Borges suggests, there might not be any real difference between the two men

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Jorge Luis Borges - The Theologians - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosophical short story writer, essayist, and poet Jorge Luis Borges's story "Death And The Compass" which can be found in Collected Fictions. 

It takes the form of a detective tale, where the legendary, highly intelligent detective, Eric Lönnrot, does not figure out all of the aspects of the pattern of crimes, including the fact that he is the intended victim of the fourth crime. This is revealed to him by the criminal Red Scarlach, who has set up the entire sequence of crimes to entice Lönnrot to his death, creating a labyrinth in which he would be drawn

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Jorge Luis Borges - Death and the Compass - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosophical short story writer, essayist, and poet Jorge Luis Borges's story "Deutsches Requiem" which can be found in Collected Fictions. 

The story is narrated in the voice of an unrepentant Nazi about to be executed for war crimes, Otto Dietrich zur Linde. He claims to be inspired in his life and in his activity within the Nazi party by great people in philosophy, literature, and music, and argues that we are now entering a new age of violence, which Nazi Germany helped to steer the world towards, even though it has to be sacrificed in the process


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Jorge Luis Borges - Deutsches Requiem - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosophical short story writer, essayist, and poet Jorge Luis Borges's story "Pierre Menard, Author Of The Quixote" which can be found in Collected Fictions. 

If focuses specifically on the main portion of the story, where the author discusses Pierre Menard's "other, subterranean, interminably heroic production", namely that of writing the Don Quixote, a project which he was able to carry out in part before his death. We look at the inspiration, the motivation and intention, and the method of this work, and the author's own assessments of the superiority of Menard's over Cervantes' Quixote.

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Jorge Luis Borges - Pierre Menard, Author Of The Quixote - Menard's Unfinished Production

This lecture discusses key ideas from the modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes' work Leviathan

It focuses specifically on his discussion in chapters 15 and 26. In chapter 15, after having enumerated and explained the majority of the "laws of nature", which Hobbes notes correspond to various virtues, he claims that the science of the laws of nature, of virtue and vice, and of good and bad, is the "true and only moral philosophy".  His position seems somewhat paradoxical, however, for reasons discussed in chapter 26

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Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan - The True Moral Philosophy of Laws of Nature - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century fantasy and science fiction writer, Philip Jose Farmer's novella The Lovers (which can be found anthologized in his Strange Relations 

It discusses the overall metaphysical and religious perspective developed by Isaac Sigman, which is the official doctrine of the "Sturch" or state-church of the Haijac Union, one of the main world powers in the story, and the one that Hal Yarrow belongs to. The sturch's interpretation of Sigmen holds that a person's thought can be unreal (which is bad), that people are responsible not only for everything they do but everything that happens to them, and that they can fall into the mistake of desiring a  "pseudofuture".

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Philip Jose Farmer, The Lovers - Religion and Metaphysics of Isaac Sigmen - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero's work, On The Nature Of The Gods, which critically examines Epicurean, Stoic, and Skeptic perspectives on matters of theology and cosmology

Specifically it focuses upon the presentation of Stoic cosmology and theology by Quintus Lucilius Balbus in book 2, and in particular on the sequence of arguments that he provides, drawing from the works of earlier Stoic authors, intended to make the case for the world itself being God.

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Cicero On The Nature Of The Gods book 2 - Arguments That The World Is God - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero's work, On The Nature Of The Gods, which critically examines Epicurean, Stoic, and Skeptic perspectives on matters of theology and cosmology

Specifically it focuses upon the presentation of Stoic cosmology and theology by Quintus Lucilius Balbus in book 2, and in particular on his discussion of the various meanings that people in ancient times gave to the term "nature", rejecting certain of them and endorsing others of them.  He also discusses why the world itself is something subject to nature as the Stoics understand it, and providentially ordered and arranged

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Cicero On The Nature Of The Gods book 2 - Nature And The Universe - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero's work, On The Nature Of The Gods, which critically examines Epicurean, Stoic, and Skeptic perspectives on matters of theology and cosmology

Specifically it focuses upon the presentation of Stoic cosmology and theology by Quintus Lucilius Balbus in book 2, and in particular on his discussion of how beneficial things, forces or people come to be deified by human beings. He discusses three dynamics by which this takes place. Something useful to us derives from and is named after the god from which it comes. Some useful or beneficial force gets turned into a divine being. Or a human being who is particularly beneficial to other human beings comes to be regarded as divine, and in some cases arguably does become divine

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Cicero On The Nature Of The Gods book 2 - Deification Of Beneficial Things - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero's work, On The Nature Of The Gods, which critically examines Epicurean, Stoic, and Skeptic perspectives on matters of theology and cosmology

Specifically it focuses upon the presentation of Stoic cosmology and theology by Quintus Lucilius Balbus in book 2, and in particular on his discussion of the Stoics' allegorical interpretation of earlier Greek myth, legend, and religion, which anthropomorphized the gods in ways that the Stoics thought irrational and unbefitting of divinity

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM

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Cicero On The Nature Of The Gods book 2 - Allegorical Interpretation Of Gods - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero's work, On The Nature Of The Gods, which critically examines Epicurean, Stoic, and Skeptic perspectives on matters of theology and cosmology

Specifically it focuses upon the presentation of Stoic cosmology and theology by Quintus Lucilius Balbus in book 2, and in particular on his discussion of the distinction between two different attitudes of human beings towards the divine beings, one of which is the superstition, the other of which is religion.  Having false and anthropomorphic beliefs about the gods, and acting on those beliefs is superstition, something vicious and blameworthy. Having correct beliefs about the gods and comporting oneself towards them in accordance with those beliefs is genuine religion and is something praiseworthy.

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

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Cicero On The Nature Of The Gods book 2 - Religion And Superstition - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero's work, On The Nature Of The Gods, which critically examines Epicurean, Stoic, and Skeptic perspectives on matters of theology and cosmology

Specifically it focuses upon the presentation of Stoic cosmology and theology by Quintus Lucilius Balbus in book 2, and in particular on his discussion of the stability and coherence of the world itself and of the larger cosmos. These features are used by Balbus to argue for the existence of some intelligent, providentially ordering divine being. He also discusses a controversial Stoic doctrine, that of the universal conflagration, in which the matter of the world is gradually converted into aether or fire, and then the world is recreated by the divine being.

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

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Cicero On The Nature Of The Gods book 2 - Stability Of World And Cosmos - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero's work, On The Nature Of The Gods, which critically examines Epicurean, Stoic, and Skeptic perspectives on matters of theology and cosmology

Specifically it focuses upon the presentation of Stoic cosmology and theology by Quintus Lucilius Balbus in book 2, and in particular on his discussion of how the many ways in which species of plants ad animals seem well-designed for their determinate activities and functions seem to suggest that there is a providential designer and arranger who ordered them in those ways.

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

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Cicero On The Nature Of The Gods book 2 - Providence, Plants, And Animals - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century philosopher, essayist, and theologian, Søren Kierkegaard's review essay "The Present Age" contained in his review of Two Ages: The Age of Revolution and the Present Age

It focuses specifically on what Kierkegaard calls the "nullification of the passionate disjunction between being silent and speaking', which is "chattering".

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Soren Kierkegaard The Present Age - Silence, Speaking, and Chatter - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes' work Leviathan

It focuses specifically on chapters 1 and 2 of the work, where he develops a clearly committed empiricist and materialist epistemology, which begins with sense perception which then gives rise to imagination and memory, which can also then lead to dreams, experience, and other more complex phenomena.

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

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Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan - Sense and Imagination - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes' work Leviathan

It focuses specifically on chapters 3 and 4, where Hobbes discusses mental and verbal discourse, that is the train of thoughts in our minds and the verbal expressions of those thoughts. Hobbes also notes that when our train of thoughts is not motivated by some desire or passion, it tends to be looser and less regulated, but when there is some goal in mind, it is oriented towards and regulated by that goal.


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Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan - Human Discourse - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes' work Leviathan

It focuses specifically on chapter 4, where a number of different sorts of "names" (or terms) are distinguished, as well as how those names can be combined into "consequences", and have their significations clarified through definitions.

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

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Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan - Names, Consequences, and Definitions - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes' work Leviathan

It focuses specifically on chapter 5, where he examines in detail what reason or reasoning is, and what science is. Hobbes views reasoning as something analogous to "reckoning" by adding and subtracting sums, not just of numbers, but of many other things as well, in particular names, conjunctions of them into "consequences", and ultimately entire arguments or syllogisms.

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Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan - Reason and Science - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes' work Leviathan

It focuses specifically on chapter 6, in which Hobbes develops his basic philosophy of human and animal action, which stems from the senses and movements of the body, and then flows into endeavor of appetite and aversion. These then give rise to other affects such as love, contempt, and hatred, joy and grief, and to differing judgements about various forms of good and evil.

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

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Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan - Motion, Endeavor, and Passions - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes' work Leviathan

It focuses specifically on on the second part of chapter 6, where Hobbes tells us that the basic passions are diversified into a number of other passions in four main manners.
1. called from the opinion men have of the likelihood of attaining what they desire
2. from the object loved or hated
3. from the consideration of many of them together
4. from the alteration or succession itself

He also discusses how passions figure into what he calls "deliberation" and makes the claim that a person's "will" is simply the last passion in the succession that determines their action.  H finishes by discusses different modes of language by which people signify what their passions are.

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

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Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan - Simple Passions Diversified - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes' work Leviathan

It focuses specifically on first part of chapter 8 where he discusses what he calls "intellectual virtues", meaning the abilities of the mind that people praise, which he frames in terms of "wit", and distinguishes into natural and artificial. Natural wit in turn is divided into fancy which focuses upon similarities and judgement which focuses on differences. Judgement is more important that fancy for wit.

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Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan - Wit, Judgement, And Fancy - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes' work Leviathan

It focuses specifically on chapter 7, where he identifies and discusses what he calls the ends of mental and verbal discourse, and clarifies when the discourse people engage in results in mere opinion or produces something more reliable that that, i.e. knowledge or science.

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Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan - The Ends Of Discourse - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Stoic philosopher Seneca's Letters, this one looking at Letter 3

It focuses specifically on Seneca discussing a paradox of calling someone a friend but not trusting them with information.  This leads Seneca to say that his correspondent, Lucilius doesn't seem to know what genuine friendship really is or involves, and to make a distinction between the common but mistaken use of the term "friend" and the proper sense of the term. He also suggests that many make mistakes by first loving someone and trusting them as a friend and only later on forming a correct judgement of them as a person, when the order of this ought to be reversed.

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Seneca, Letter 3 - True and False Friendship - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Stoic philosopher Seneca's Letters, this one looking at Letter 6

It focuses specifically on  how we make moral progress, and that we ought to want to share that progress with our friends. He also clarifies that when we learn something we ought to want to share that as well with our friends. A better way to do this than simply learning precepts is to spend time with those who we think have made progress and developed understanding, so we can see how they actually live their lives

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Seneca, Letter 6 - Friendship, Progress, and Sharing Knowledge - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century American science fiction and fantasy author Poul Anderson's essay "Of Thud And Blunder", which begins by parodying a passage of swords and sorcery fantasy. While making exceptions for L. Sprague de Camp, Fritz Leiber, and J.R.R. Tolkein, Anderson criticizes many of the heroic, historical, or swords & sorcery fantasy fiction for engaging in bad storytelling. He charges them with oversimplifying, not engaging in needed research, and not devoting thought or common sense to their story writing. 

He discusses a number of different matters that a fantasy author should attend to, including: social classes and the lives of producers, the nature of pre-modern cities, diseases and sanitation, politics and religion, travel by land and water, and arms, armor, combat, and poisons.

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

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Read Of Thud And Blunder - https://www.sfwa.org/2005/01/04/on-thud-and-blunder/

Poul Anderson - Of Thud And Blunder - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the sequence of letters between two great Medieval intellectuals, lovers, and religious Heloise D'Argenteuil and Peter Abelard

It focuses specifically on the fourth letter, which is by Heloise. In this letter Heloise reaffirms her love for her husband Abelard, and asserts that life will have little value or attraction for her after he dies. She explains what emotions she experiences, and the despair she feels about their situation, and then discusses the conflicts within her heart and mind that stand in the way of genuine and consistent repentance on her part 

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

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Read Heloise and Abelard's Letters - https://www.gutenberg.org/files/35977/35977-h/35977-h.htm

Heloise and Abelard - Letter 4 - Love, Despair, and Repentance - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the sequence of letters between two great Medieval intellectuals, lovers, and religious Heloise D'Argenteuil and Peter Abelard

It focuses specifically on the fifth and sixth letters, which are by Heloise and Abelard respectfully. In these letters both of the married lovers have opted for leaving their previous amorous and conjugal love behind and shifting their attention to God. They also both admit their ongoing struggles to see this commitment through consistently.

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

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Read Heloise and Abelard's Letters - https://www.gutenberg.org/files/35977/35977-h/35977-h.htm

Heloise and Abelard - Letters 5-6 - Struggling Against Passion - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the medieval Christian philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologiae, 1st part, question 20 "God's Love", and examines  on his discussion in article 1, which addresses the issue whether love is in God. Aquinas considers several arguments against love being in God and addresses each of them. He also explains how it is that love is in God by looking at how the will tends towards the universal or common good through love.

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

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Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologiae - Whether Love Is In God - Sadler's Lectures

This lecture discusses key ideas from the medieval Christian philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologiae, 1st part, question 27, "The Causes Of Love", and examines his discussions in article 2, which centers on whether and how knowledge can be a cause of love.

To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler

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Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologiae - Knowledge As A Cause Of Love

This lecture discusses key ideas from the medieval Christian philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologiae, 1st part, question 27, "The Causes Of Love", and examines his discussions in article 3, which centers on whether and how likeness (similitudo) is a cause of love, particularly between similar people. He addresses the issue raised by the classical proverb "potter against potter" and discusses several different modes of likeness

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Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologiae - Likeness As A Cause Of Love

This is a podcast of a guest sermon, given by invitation to the Unitarian Universalist Community of Rock Tavern.  In it, I discuss anger as a common problem not only of our own times, but of all times. 

Christian teachings on anger present us with some "hard sayings," and several 4th century thinkers -- John Cassian, Augustine of Hippo, and John Chrysostom -- are very helpful for understanding how to live with and live out these difficult requirements.

A transcript of the sermon is available here: https://www.academia.edu/14942379/_And_Whoever_is_Angry_With_His_Brother_Early_Christian_Insights_A

"Whoever is Angry with His Brother” Early Christian Insights on Anger - Sadler's Lectures

This is a podcast of a guest sermon, given by invitation to the Unitarian Universalist Community of the Catskills.

A guest sermon invited by the Unitarian Universalist Community of the Catskills, Aug 9, 2015.  In it, I discuss Rainer Maria Rilke's conception of "solitude" (Einsamkeit), and its relevance to our contemporary lives.  Explaining how the two dimensions of slowing down temporally and making space spatially figure into the development of solitude as Rilke describes it, I suggest that in our own era, time has become the more scarce resource.

You can read a transcript of the sermon here: https://www.academia.edu/14942470/Solitude_Slowing_Down_and_Clearing_Space

Rainer Maria Rilke on Solitude, Slowing Down, and Making Space - Sadler's Lectures

This is the recording of my short presentation and the Q&A at the second Conversations With Modern Stoicism event, hosted in July 2023 by Phil Yanov. Asked to give a short and provocative presentation about an issue that arises in the everyday applications of Stoicism, I chose to focus on a common mistake and distortion of Stoic philosophy and practice.

Quite a few people think that Stoicism means that a person shouldn't exhibit or feel care, concern, or compassion for others who experience something that they view and react to as "bad". There are indeed some passages from Stoic authors that one can take out of context to justify such a stance. But when Stoicism is rightly understood, and when we look at other, equally authoritative passages, we see that the authentic Stoic position is to be compassionate and concerned with others.

How Should Stoics Respond When Bad Things Happen To Other People - Sadler's Lectures

This is a talk I was invited to provide to the inaugural 2021 Stoicon-X Military conference, held online.  I chose as my topic the scope of genuine courage, a topic of considerable importance but also frequent misunderstandings within professions like that of the military.  

In this talk I discuss what courage is and what it is for, the scope of courage, including its constituent virtues, and finally the relationship between courage and the other virtues.

The Scope of Genuine Courage In Stoicism - Sadler's Lectures

I'm that YouTube Philosophy Guy! Find more than 3,000 videos in my main channel.  Support my video and podcast work!  https://www.patreon.com/sadler or https://www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM

Learn more about this podcast channel - https://youtu.be/qRvL0gqlyrw and https://gregorybsadler.substack.com/p/the-sadlers-lectures-podcast

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I have a second podcast, Mind & Desire, publishing original episodes on a variety of topics in philosophy, which you can find here - https://gregorybsadler.substack.com/podcast

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