Roger Horowitz talks with Katherine Epstein about her new book Analog Superpowers: How Twentieth-Century Technology Theft Built the National Security State (University of Chicago Press, 2024). 

From the publisher: “A gripping history that spans law, international affairs, and top-secret technology to unmask the tension between intellectual property rights and national security. 
  
At the beginning of the twentieth century, two British inventors, Arthur Pollen and Harold Isherwood, became fascinated by a major military question: how to aim the big guns of battleships. These warships—of enormous geopolitical import before the advent of intercontinental missiles or drones—had to shoot in poor light and choppy seas at distant moving targets, conditions that impeded accurate gunfire. Seeing the need to account for a plethora of variables, Pollen and Isherwood built an integrated system for gathering data, calculating predictions, and transmitting the results to the gunners. At the heart of their invention was the most advanced analog computer of the day, a technological breakthrough that anticipated the famous Norden bombsight of World War II, the inertial guidance systems of nuclear missiles, and the networked “smart” systems that dominate combat today. Recognizing the value of Pollen and Isherwood’s invention, the British Royal Navy and the United States Navy pirated it, one after the other. When the inventors sued, both the British and US governments invoked secrecy, citing national security concerns. 
  
Drawing on a wealth of archival evidence, Analog Superpowers analyzes these and related legal battles over naval technology, exploring how national defense tested the two countries’ commitment to individual rights and the free market. Katherine C. Epstein deftly sets out Pollen’s and Isherwood’s pioneering achievements, the patent questions raised, the geopolitical rivalry between Britain and the United States, and the legal precedents each country developed to control military tools built by private contractors. 
  
Epstein’s account reveals that long before the US national security state sought to restrict information about atomic energy, it was already embroiled in another contest between innovation and secrecy. The America portrayed in this sweeping and accessible history isn’t yet a global hegemon but a rising superpower ready to acquire foreign technology by fair means or foul—much as it accuses China of doing today.” 

For more Hagley History Hangouts, more information on the Center for the History of Business, Technology, and Society at the Hagley Museum and Library, visit us online at hagley.org.

Analog Superpowers: Technology Theft and the National Security State with Kate Epstein

What Happened Josh and Christina Pt 1

Grae Drake Reviews Silent Night Deadly Night

What Happened Isabelle and Devin Pt 2

What Happened Isabelle and Devin Pt 1

Trump’s Oval Office Meltdown, Bongino Exits FBI, and UnitedHealth’s Deadly Denials

Last night’s Oval Office address from Donald Trump was meant to reassure the nation—but instead became an awkward, rambling spectacle that many are calling an international embarrassment. Trump insisted the economy is “fine,” listed supposed accomplishments, and brushed off serious problems as minor issues he alone can fix. The result was painful to watch—and deeply revealing.

Was it incompetence, denial, or something else entirely? And does it explain why Dan Bongino abruptly stepped down as FBI Deputy Director?

Plus, a major reckoning for UnitedHealthcare. After years of denying and delaying critical care, the company now faces wrongful death lawsuits following the deaths of three nursing home residents who were blocked from emergency hospital treatment. Is accountability finally coming—and how many more cases are waiting in the shadows?

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Karel is a history-making broadcaster and entertainer, reporting from Las Vegas with his service dog Ember.

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Trump’s Oval Office Meltdown, Bongino Exits FBI, and UnitedHealth’s Deadly Denials

In honor of the Winter Solstice happening this coming weekend on December 21st at 10:03 AM Pacific, we celebrate land and place-based cultivation from a foundation of cultural and spiritual care leading the way. We’re joined in this by Dr. Don Hankins, Professor of Geography and Planning at California State University, Chico.

Of Miwok ancestry, Don, for decades now, has focused on applied research of indigenous stewardship practices as a “keystone process to aid in conservation and management of resources”, particularly around the cultural use of fire and and conservation of water. Don has been involved in land management and conservation local organizations and agencies as well as federal and tribal governments. Listen in!

Cultivating Place now has a donate button! We thank you for listening over the years, and we hope you'll continue to support Cultivating Place.

We can't thank you enough for making it possible for this young program to grow and engage in even more conversations like these.

The show is available as a podcast on SoundCloud and iTunes. To read more and for many more photos, please visit www.cultivatingplace.com.



Solstice Season: Abundance & Connection, Dr. Don Hankins

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Seven-year-old Brooks in Coon Rapids lost his father in a car crash; his aunt wants to bring him comfort and joy this holiday season.