Hydropower has long been one of the world's most reliable sources of renewable energy, but how will it adapt to the challenges of the 21st century? In this episode, we explore the cutting-edge innovations shaping the future of hydroelectric power—from modular micro-hydro systems and improved pumped storage to tidal, wave, and even deep sea hydroelectric solutions.

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Credits:

The Future of Hydroelectric Power

Episode 493; April 3, 2025

Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur 

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images

Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Phase Shift, "Forest Night"

Chris Zabriskie, "Unfoldment, Revealment", "A New Day in a New Sector"

Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Billions and Billions"

The Future of Hydroelectric Power (Narration Only)

If aliens invaded, how would humanity respond? From planetary defense and space warfare to unexpected diplomatic twists, we’ll explore the strategies, technologies, and scenarios that could decide our fate.

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Credits:
We've Been Invaded By Aliens... Now What?
Episode 494a; April 13, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Edited by: Ludwig Luska
Graphics: Jeremy Jozwik, Ken York YD Visual, Legiontech Studios
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth"
Markus Junnikkala, "A Fleet Behind the Moon"
Phase Shift, "Forest Night"
Chris Zabriskie, "Unfoldment, Revealment",  "A New Day in a New Sector"
Stellardrone, "Red Giant"

We've Been Invaded By Aliens... Now What? (Narration Only)

A new industrial revolution is coming—not on Earth, but above it. This episode delves into how orbital shipyards will produce everything from shuttles to megastructures, changing how we explore and inhabit space.

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Orbital Shipyards: Building Fleets in Space
Episode 722; June 5, 2025; Nebula Exclusive
Written, Produced, & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics: 
Anthrofuturism
Bryan Versteeg
Fishy Tree
Jeremy Jozwik
Melanovis
Sergio Botero
SpaceResourcesCGI
Udo Schroeter
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Phase Shift, "Forest Night"
Kai Engel, "Endless Story of Sun and Moon"
Chris Zabriskie, "Unfoldment, Revealment", "A New Day in a New Sector", "Oxygen Garden"
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Billions and Billions"

Chapters
0:00 Intro
0:15 Why Build in Orbit?
1:29 The Gravity Well Problem
3:22 Material Sourcing – The Importance of ISRU
5:44 Early Orbital Shipyards – Existing & Near-Future Projects
6:37 Lessons from Space Stations & Prototypes
8:22 Port George & Linus Scrapyard – Revisiting Fictional Shipyards
13:08 Infrastructure & Logistics of Orbital Shipyards
23:39 Constructing Different Types of Ships
31:58 Challenges of Large-Scale Shipbuilding
34:10 Maintenance, Repairs, and Refits – Sustaining a Spacefaring Fleet
39:25 Salvage and Recycling
40:37 The Future of Orbital Shipyards – Expanding Beyond Earth
43:03 The Rise of Megastructure Shipyards
44:29 Privatization and the Spacefaring Economy
46:12 Shipyards as Strategic Military and Political Assets
47:54 The Role of AI, Automation, and Post-Human Workforces

Orbital Shipyards - Building Fleets in Space (Narration Only)

Are we alone in the universe—or just early to the party? We’ll explore the math, models, and megastructures that might answer how many alien civilizations are out there, and why the night sky remains so quiet.

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Credits:

How Many Alien Civilizations Are There?

Episode 723; June 8, 2025 

Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Editor: Ludwig Luska

Graphics: Ken York YD Visual

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images

Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Phase Shift, "Forest Night"

 Chris Zabriskie, "Unfoldment, Revealment" & "A New Day in a New Sector" 

Koalips, "Kvazar"

 Stellardrone, "Red Giant" & "Billions and Billions"

How Many Alien Civilizations Are There? (Narration Only)

Could we sculpt dead planets into living worlds? From artificial crusts and orbital mirrors to taming tectonics and engineering biospheres, this is your definitive guide to turning alien rocks into second Earths.

Watch my exclusive video Fishbowl Starships - Water As Shielding - https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-fishbowl-starships-water-as-shielding
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Credits:
Interstellar Travel: Can We Survive The Long Journey?
Episode 725; June 15, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics:
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York YD Visual
Mafic Studios
Sergio Botero
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Chris Zabriskie, "Unfoldment, Revealment", "A New Day in a New Sector", "Oxygen Garden", "Wonder Cycle"
Kai Engel, "Endless Story About Sun and Moon"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and..."
Dark Future, "Staring Through" pt1
Miguel Johnson. "The Commanders", "Far From Home"
Lombus, "Hydrogen Sonata", "Cosmic Soup"
Aerium, "Deijocht"
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Solar Eclipse", "Billions and Billions"

The Terraforming Compendium - From Barren Rocks to Living Worlds (Narration Only)

Space is big—but could life out there be even bigger? Join us as we ask just how enormous alien life can get—and what it might look like.



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Any comments, corrections, or thoughts on the video? email Isaac.Arthur.Utube@gmail.com

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Cosmic Megafauna - Could Giant Alien Life Forms Exist?

Episode 727; June 22, 2025

Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 

Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Billions and Billions"

Cosmic Megafauna - Could Giant Alien Life Forms Exist? (Narration Only)

In order to succeed in space, we must be able to produce as much as possible on-site, or ‘in situ’, but what are the most critical resources to harvest and how do we do it?

Watch my exclusive video Fishbowl Starships - Water As Shielding - https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-fishbowl-starships-water-as-shielding
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Credits:
I.S.R.U. In-Situ Resource Utilization
Written, Narrated & Produced by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics:
Fishy Tree
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York / YD Visual
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter
Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator


ISRU: In-Situ Resource Utilization (Narration Only)

Space colonization isn't about abandoning Earth—it's about transforming it. Discover how expanding into space can drive innovation, sustainability, and prosperity right here on the ground.

Watch my exclusive video Fishbowl Starships - Water As Shielding - https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-fishbowl-starships-water-as-shielding
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Credits:
How Colonizing Space Benefits Earth: The Ground-Level Gains of a Galactic Future
Episode 726.1; June 22, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics: Bryan Versteeg, Jeremy Jozwik, Sergio Botero
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

How Colonizing Space Benefits Earth - The Ground-Level Gains of a Galactic Future (Narration Only)

In-situ resource utilization (ISRU) is the key to building lasting colonies in space—by turning local materials into shelter, fuel, and even food. Explore how humanity might thrive beyond Earth by living off the land on other worlds.

Watch my exclusive video Fishbowl Starships - Water As Shielding - https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-fishbowl-starships-water-as-shielding
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Credits:
I.S.R.U. In-Situ Resource Utilization
Written, Narrated & Produced by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics:
Fishy Tree
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York / YD Visual
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter
Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
3:20 Shelter
11:06 Extraction of Volatiles
13:45 Regolith Processing
16:55 Energy Production
18:19 Manufacturing and Construction
20:24 Agriculture
23:40 Propellant Production
26:25 Starlifting

ISRU: In-Situ Resource Utilization - From Regolith to Rocket Fuel (Narration Only)

From Martians undone by germs to predators who insist on sporting duels, we explore the most ridiculous alien invasion tactics in fiction, and what they reveal about strategy, science, and human resilience.

Join us as we journey beyond the birth of the universe to unravel the mysteries of what might have preceded the Big Bang—and whether time itself had a beginning.
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Credits:
The 10 Worst Alien Invasion Strategies
Episode 733; July 1, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 

Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
0:00 Intro
0:48 10. The “Park and Wait” Strategy
2:02 9. Invading a Planet That Can Kill You
3:46 8. Single Point of Failure: The Hive or Control Ship
5:22 7. Telegraphing Your Arrival
6:50 6. Overly Convoluted Takeovers
8:30 5. Broadcasting Your Weakness
9:55 4. Playing Fair & Ritual Combat
11:54 3. Overconfidence & Underestimating the Locals
13:07 2. Hive Minds That Collapse Instantly
15:03 1. Ignoring the Home Field Advantage
16:06 Outro

The 10 Worst Alien Invasion Strategies (Narration Only)

If everything is free, what’s still worth striving for? From replicators to reputation, we examine the surprising economics of a post-scarcity world.
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The Economics of a Post-Scarcity Universe - What Happens When Everything Is Free?
Episode 730; July 3, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Chapters
0:00 Intro
2:02 What Post-Scarcity Means Economically
5:10 Incentives Without Scarcity
8:17 Distribution, Duty, and Designed Idleness
14:27 Ownership and Property in a Post-Scarcity Economy
20:03 The Star Trek Economy & the Myth of a Moneyless Society
22:58 Wealth, Inheritance & Intergenerational Power
27:57 Upward Mobility and Inequality
29:02 Economic Failure Modes in Post-Scarcity
30:35 Where Economics Still Matters
33:02 The Infinite Price of a Meaningful Life