To see deeper into space, we will need much bigger telescopes.
As astronomy seeks to find and study distant planets and peer further and more accurately into space and time, the limitations of ground based telescopes, especially optical telescopes, represents our largest barrier. Today we will examine what those limitations are, and ways to make vastly more enormous telescopes and arrays

Watch the video version: https://youtu.be/ciECLSCgTKY
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Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version: 
https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/megatelescopes
Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/megatelescopes-narration-only
Credits:
Megatelescopes Season 4, Episode 19  Writers: Isaac Arthur Mark Warburton  Editors: Darius Said Jerry Guern Keith Blockus  Producer: Isaac Arthur  Cover Artist:
Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/artist/jakub_grygier  
Graphics Team: Jarred Eagley Jeremy Jozwik Justin Dixon Katie Byrne Luca DeRosa Mihail Yordanov Sam McNamara (Rapid Thrash) Sergio Botero https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc  
Narrator: Isaac Arthur  Music Manager: Luca De Rosa  Music:  Stellardrone, "Billions And Billions" https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com  Aerium, “Waters of Atlantis" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRnUJY3l5vIJFGsY3XvW4dQ  Lombus, “Time Slip" https://soundcloud.com/lombusmusic  Markus Junnikkala, "A Memory Of Earth" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/ 
Stellardrone, "Light Years" https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com

Megatelescopes

Today we will begin our look at the spaceships we might use for colonizing interstellar space in the future. In order to cover the vast distances between even the nearest stars in our galaxy within the boundaries of known physics, we need vessels able to voyage at high speeds for very long periods of time while carrying everything they need to colonize another solar system, a concept typically known as a space ark or generation ship. We will explore the challenges and options for such a vessel, as well as some alternative approaches to the problem.

Watch the video version: https://youtu.be/H2f0Wd3zNj0

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Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version:
https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/generation-ships
Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/generation-ships-narration-only

Credits:
Generation Ships
142, Season 4 Episode 27

Writers
Isaac Arthur

Editors
A.T. Long
Darius Said
Evan Schultheis
Jerry Guern
Keith Blockus
Mark Warburton
Sigmund Kopperud

Producer
Isaac Arthur

Cover Artist:
Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier

Graphics Team: 
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik
Katie Byrne
Kristijan Tavcar
Sam McNamara https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc
Sergio Botero

Narrator:
Isaac Arthur

Music Manager: 
Luca De Rosa  - lucaderosa2@live.com

Music:
Markus Junnikkala, "Plotting a Course" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/
Phase Shift, "Forest Night" https://www.last.fm/music/Phase+Shift/_/Enigmatic
Aerium, "The Islands moved while I was asleep" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRnUJY3l5vIJFGsY3XvW4dQ
Stellardrone, "Between the Rings" https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com
Denny Shneidemesser, "Constellations" https://soundcloud.com/denny-schneidemesser
Koalips, "Kvazar"  http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Koalips/
Ayreon, "The Theory of Everything" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCihO6uVisilu1mn4x2u-HOA

Generation Ships

A continued look at Generation Ships and Interstellar Colonization.
Check out Cheddar's video on the Sun: https://chdr.tv/youtue6886
In order to colonize the galaxy, we are going to have to spend huge times on board equally huge spaceships. To move thousands of people, and our ecosystem, to distant planets, will require not only giant ark-like starships, but entire fleets of them. Today we will examine how we could do this even if physics never offers us any superior methods in the future for covering the void of interstellar space faster.

Fringe FM Link: http://fringe.fm/20-isaac-arthur-on-colonizing-space-the-fermi-paradox-and-future-of-genetic-engineering/

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Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version:
https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/exodus-fleet
Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/exodus-fleet-narration-only

Credits:
Upward Bound: Power Satellites
Episode 145, Season 4 E31

Writers:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
A.T. Long
Darius Said
Derek Hightower
Evan Schultheis
Gregory Leal
Keith Blockus
Mark Warburton
Sigmund Kopperud

Producer:
Isaac Arthur

Cover Artist
Jakub Grygier

Graphics Team
Fishy Tree
Gateway Foundation
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik
Kristijan Tavcar
Kris Holland of Mafic Studios
LegionTech Studios
Sam McNamara of Rapid Thrash
Sergio Botero

Narrator
Isaac Arthur

Music Manager:
Luca de Rosa 

Music:
NJ Mandaville, "A Long Way Still to Go" https://soundcloud.com/nj-mandaville
Stellardrone, "The Edge of Forever" https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com
Kai Engel, "Endless Story About Sun and Moon"  https://www.kai-engel.com/
Chris Zabriskie, "Mario Bava Sleeps In a Little Later Than He Expected To" http://chriszabriskie.com
Aerium ft. Sieger, "Deiljocht" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRnUJY3l5vIJFGsY3XvW4dQ
Lombus, "Goldilocks Analemma" https://lombus.bandcamp.com
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Naive" https://www.s-cheremisinov.com
Ayreon, "Theory of Everything" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCihO6uVisilu1mn4x2u-HOA

Generation Ships: Exodus Fleet

In order to terraform new planets, we will need to be able transport entire ecologies & ecosystems through interstellar space in the future. Today we will examine how we could build and maintain such environments inside vast arks, generations ships able to colonize our galaxy, and the challenges these starships will face maintaining not just stores of DNA and genetic material but living organisms which depend heavily on other members of their species and other species to survive and thrive, not least of which is human ourselves.

Watch the video version: https://youtu.be/5lqgisGmREg
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Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version:
https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/exporting-earth
Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/exporting-earth-ships-narration-only

Credits:
Exporting Earth
Episode 150, Season 4 E36

Writers:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Darius Said
Gregory Leal https://www.gregschool.org/
Jerry Guern
Konstantin Sokerin
Laura Graham
Mark Warburton
Matthew Acker
Sigmund Kopperud
Stuart Graham https://beyondnerva.wordpress.com

Producer:
Isaac Arthur

Cover Artist:
Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier

Graphics Team:
Darth Biomech https://www.artstation.com/darth_biomech
Fishy Tree https://www.deviantart.com/fishytree/
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_losdiajana
Katie Byrne
Ken York https://www.facebook.com/YDVisual/
Krisitijan Tavcar https://www.miragedereve.com
LegionTech Studios https://hades9.com
Sam McNamara
Sergio Boterio https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc

Narrator:
Isaac Arthur

Music Manager:
Luca DeRosa  - lucaderosa2@live.com

Music:
Dracovallis, "Golden Meadows" https://dracovallis.bandcamp.com/
NJ Mandaville, "Intrumental Background 1" https://soundcloud.com/nj-mandaville
Kevin Macleod, "Infinite Wonder" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSZXFhRIx6b0dFX3xS8L1yQ
Chris Zabriskie, "Candlepower" http://chriszabriskie.com
Kai Engel, "Endless Story About Sun and Moon"  https://www.kai-engel.com/
Lombus, "Amino" https://lombus.bandcamp.com
Aerium, "Windmill Forests" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRnUJY3l5vIJFGsY3XvW4dQ
Epic Mountain, "Rising Sky" https://soundcloud.com/epicmountain

Exporting Earth

A Journey to the Edge of Time and Space
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As we continue our look at Generation Ships, vast vessels designed to carry many thousands of colonists to distant and alien worlds centuries away, we must ask just how far and how long such ships can be made to last? Can space ships be made that will endure even longer voyages of thousands or even millions of years in the void of interstellar or even intergalactic space? Will ships, and their crews, fall apart or turn into Cargo Cults who no longer remember how their technology functions or what their mission was?

Watch the video version: https://youtu.be/25ODAzr6Bbw

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Credits:  
Generation Ships: The Million Year Ark
Episode 155, S4E41

Writers: 
Isaac Arthur  

Editors: 
Darius Said 
Derek Hightower 
Gregory Leal https://www.gregschool.org/
Jerry Guern 
Keith Blockus 
Mark Warburton 
Sigmund Kopperud  

Graphics: 
Fishy Tree https://www.deviantart.com/fishytree/
Jarred Eagley 
Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_losdiajana
Justin Dixon 
Krisitijan Tavcar https://www.miragedereve.com
LegionTech Studios https://hades9.com
Sam McNamara 
Sergio Botero https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc

Producer: 
Isaac Arthur  

Cover Artist: 
Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier

Narrator:
Isaac Arthur

Music Manager:
Luca De Rosa  - lucaderosa2@live.com

Music:
Markus Junnikkala, “Plotting a Course" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/
Stellardrone, "Between The Rings" & "Edge of Forever" https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com
Chris Zabriskie, "Mario Bava Sleeps In a Little Later Than He Expected To" http://chriszabriskie.com
Koalips, “Kvazar"  http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Koalips/
Aerium, "Deiljocht" (ft. Sieger) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRnUJY3l5vIJFGsY3XvW4dQ
Ayreon, “The Theory of Everything Part 1" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCihO6uVisilu1mn4x2u-HOA

The Million Year Ark

A look at environments and ecology on truly massive space stations.
Check out Cheddar's video on Extinction: https://chdr.tv/youtu0277c
As we expand in space and build ever large space stations, true space habitats, we will need to incorporate ecosystems into them. However, such space habitats will have their own weather and cycles unlike those of Earth, and we will need to adapt to those unique conditions, which will vary by size and type. Today we will look at everything from smaller rotating habitats like Kaplana One and O'Neill Cylinders to vast structures such as Ringworlds, Supramundane Planets, Mega-Earths, and see the unique challenges each of them will offer us in the future.

See more of Bryan Versteeg's art at http://spacehabs.com
Check out Isaac's interview with John Micheal Godier at https://www.eventhorizonshow.com

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Google Play Musics Link: https://playmusic.app.goo.gl/?ibi=com.google.PlayMusic&isi=691797987&ius=googleplaymusic&apn=com.google.android.music&link=https://play.google.com/music/m/Iwcob6xjirssfi7kyw5mw27bmge?t%3DScience_%2526_Futurism_with_Isaac_Arthur%26pcampaignid%3DMKT-na-all-co-pr-mu-pod-16

Credits:
Upward Bound:
The Environments of Space Habitats
Episode 157, Season 4 E43

Writers
Daniel McNamara
Isaac Arthur
Laura Graham
Mark Warburton
Stuart Graham https://beyondnerva.wordpress.com

Editors:
A.T. Long
Gregory Leal https://www.gregschool.org/
Jerry Guern
Keith Blockus
Matthew Campbell
Sergio Botero https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc
Sigmund Kopperud

Producer:
Isaac Arthur

Cover Artist:
Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier

Graphics Team:
Bryan Versteeg http://spacehabs.com
Fishy Tree https://www.deviantart.com/fishytree/
Jarred Eagley 
Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_losdiajana
Justin Dixon
Katie Byrne
Ken York https://www.facebook.com/YDVisual/
Mihail Yordanov
Mike Munt http://www.apogii.uk
Sam McNamara
Sergio Botero https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc

Narrator:
Isaac Arthur

Music Manager:
Luca DeRosa  - lucaderosa2@live.com

Music:
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Sirius" https://www.s-cheremisinov.com
Stellardrone, "Belt of Orion" https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com
Kai Engel, "Endless Story abut Sun and Moon" https://www.kai-engel.com/
Aerium, "Drowned Holodecks" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRnUJY3l5vIJFGsY3XvW4dQ
Serena Ellis, "Science" https://soundcloud.com/serenaelis
Stellardrone, "A Moment of Stillness" https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com

The Environments Of Space Habitats

To journey across the stars requires voyages of centuries or more, ensuring the crew will be long dead by the time they arrive. If you want your crew available to colonize new worlds after their interstellar voyage, you either have to extend their lives, train their descendants, or freeze them till they arrive. We will examine the third option day, freezing people with cryonics, using hibernation, or suspended animation, or some other form of stasis the future might offer.
Watch the video version: https://youtu.be/fM-JHvg-ZCM
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Credits: Sleeper Ships
Episode 161, Season 4 E47

Writer: Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Daniel McNamara
Darius Said
Edward Nardella
Jerry Guern
Keith Blockus
Mark Warburton
Matthew Acker
Olly Epsom

Producer: Isaac Arthur

Cover Artist: Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier

Graphics Team:
Bryan Versteeg http://spacehabs.com
Fishy Tree https://www.deviantart.com/fishytree/
Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_losdiajana
Ken York of YD Visual https://www.facebook.com/YDVisual/
LegionTech Studios https://hades9.com
Mike Munt of Apogii http://www.apogii.uk
Sergio Botero https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc

Narrator: Isaac Arthur

Music Manager: Luca DeRosa  - lucaderosa2@live.com

Music:
Markus Junnikkala, "Plotting a Course" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/
Dan MacLeod, "Deompression" & "Gravity Well" https://soundcloud.com/neptuneuk
Aerium, "The Darwin Project" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRnUJY3l5vIJFGsY3XvW4dQ
Lombus, "Amino" https://lombus.bandcamp.com
Markus Junnikkala, "Always Tell Me the Odds" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/

Sleeper Ships

The galaxy is a vast place with billions of potential new worlds for humanity to colonize, but interstellar space is so enormous that reaching even the nearest stars and planets by spaceship would take decades at best, and maybe many centuries. Even on arrival terraforming those barren planets would take just as long. 

Two options for overcoming the immensity of space and time are the Seed Ship and the Data Ship, automated vessels able to colonize the worlds for us. We will examine those today, their advantages, limitations, and misconceptions, and variations of them we might use to seed the stars.

Watch the video Version: https://youtu.be/O5PxSAAULzk
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Social Media:
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Credits: 
Seeding the Stars
Episode 166, Season 4 E52

Writers:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Alex Chamak
A.T. Long
Cooper de Ruiter
D. Hemanshi
Daniel McNamara
Darius Said
Edward Nardella
Evan Schultheis
Keith Blockus
Mark Warburton
Matthew Acker
Safia Postgate
Stuart Graham https://beyondnerva.wordpress.com
Sigmund Kopperud

Producer:
Isaac Arthur

Cover Artist:
Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier

Graphics Team:
Bryan Versteeg http://spacehabs.com
Darth Biomech https://www.artstation.com/darth_biomech
Fishy Tree https://www.deviantart.com/fishytree/
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_losdiajana
Justin Dixon
LegionTech Studios https://hades9.com
Mihail Yordanov
Sam McNamara
Serigio Botero https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc
SpaceResourcesCGI

Audio Editing
Eric Schneider

Narrator: 
Isaac Arthur

Music Manager:
Luca DeRosa   - lucaderosa2@live.com

Music:
Markus Junnikkala, "Plotting a Course" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/
Paradox Interactive, Andreas Waldetoft , "Dark Minds" https://www.paradoxplaza.com
Lombus, "Hydrogen Sonata" https://lombus.bandcamp.com
Paradox Interactive, "In Sarch of Life" https://www.paradoxplaza.com
Serena Elis, "Between the Space" https://soundcloud.com/serenaelis
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha-and-..." https://www.discogs.com/artist/625697-Taras-Harkavyi
Paradox Interactive, Andreas Waldetoft, "The Birth of a Star" https://www.paradoxplaza.com
Ayreon, "The Theory of Everything, Part 1" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCihO6uVisilu1mn4x2u-HOA

Seeding The Stars

The galaxy is an immense place, with billions of solar systems to colonize, and interstellar voyages to even nearby stars can take centuries. In order to explore and settle those new worlds, we may wish to take advantage of a type of generation ship that stops at planet after planet, colonizing each in turn, and entire colonial fleets that grow as they venture outward from Earth, creating new spaceships as often as terraforming new worlds.

Watch the video version: https://youtu.be/p9KjiqFgo_w
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Social Media:
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Credits:
Generation Ships:Galactic Gardeners
Episode 172, Season 5 E06

Written by:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Darius Said
Edward Nardella
Gloria Meadows
Keith Blockus
Sigmund Kopperud

Cover Art:
Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier

Graphics by:
Bryan Versteeg http://spacehabs.com
Fishy Tree https://www.deviantart.com/fishytree/
Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_losdiajana
Kris Holland (Mafic Studios) www.maficstudios.com
LegionTech Studios https://hades9.com
Sergio Botero https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc

Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Music:
Markus Junnikkala, "Plotting a Course" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/
Kai Engel, "Endless Story About Sun and Moon"  https://www.kai-engel.com/
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and...." https://www.discogs.com/artist/625697-Taras-Harkavyi
Marcus Warner, "Wintersong" https://marcuswarnermusic.bandcamp.com
Aerium, "Windmill forests" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRnUJY3l5vIJFGsY3XvW4dQ
AJ Prasad of Dark Future, "Staring Through (Part II)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xA8-7qwaEPU
Markus Junnikkala, "We Roam the Stars" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/

Galactic Gardeners

Earth has often been compared to a spaceship, one that's successfully orbited our star and the galaxy many times over billions of years. So what about moving our planet or even converting it or another world into a spaceship? Can we use entire planets to cross the intergalactic void to settle planets in distant galaxies or superclusters? And what sort of engine and drive could move a whole planet?

Watch the video version: https://youtu.be/oim7VvUURd8
Visit our sponsor, Brilliant: https://brilliant.org/IsaacArthur/
Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net
Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur
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Social Media:
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Credits:
Generation Ships: Planet Ships
Episode 179, Season 5 E13

Written by:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Andrew Norman
Darius Said
Gregory Leal https://www.gregschool.org/
Keith Blockus
Sapioit D. Suicider

Cover Art:
Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier

Graphics by:
Fishy Tree https://www.deviantart.com/fishytree/
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_losdiajana
Justin Dixon
Katie Byrne
Ken York https://www.facebook.com/YDVisual/
Kris Holland (Mafic Studios) www.maficstudios.com
Kristijan Tavcar https://www.miragedereve.com
Mihail Yordanov
Sergio Botero https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?fref=gc

Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Music Manager:
Luca DeRosa  - lucaderosa2@live.com

Music:
Markus Junnikkala, "Plotting a Course" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/
Kai Engel, "Endless Story About Sun and Moon"  https://www.kai-engel.com/
Paradox Interactive, "The March Of Profits" https://www.paradoxplaza.com
NJ Mandaville, "Plagal" https://soundcloud.com/nj-mandaville
AJ Prasad of Dark Future, "Cold Shadow" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xA8-7qwaEPU
Ross Bugden, "Beyond" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQKGLOK2FqmVgVwYferltKQ
Chris Zabriskie, "Readers Do You Read" http://chriszabriskie.com
Lombus, "Amino" https://lombus.bandcamp.com
Markus Junnikkala, "We Roam the Stars" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/

Planet Ships

Black Holes are often considered the greatest dangers to spaceships in science fiction, but they may turn out to be the perfect power source for future spaceships.

Watch the video version: https://youtu.be/oAocMzxPjjo
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Credits:
Generation Ships: Black Hole Ships
Episode 184, Season 5 E18

Written by:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Darius Said
Keith Blockus
Matthew Acker
Mark Warburton

Cover Art:
Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier

Graphics by:
Fishy Tree https://www.deviantart.com/fishytree/
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_losdiajana
Justin Dixon
Kris Holland (Mafic Studios) www.maficstudios.com
LegionTech Studios https://hades9.com
Luca DeRosa
Mihail Yordanov

Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Music Manager:
Luca DeRosa - lucaderosa2@live.com

Music:
Markus Junnikkala, "Plotting a Course" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/
Denny Shneidemesser, "Light & Darkness" https://soundcloud.com/denny-schneidemesser
Miguel Johnson, "Darkness falls" https://soundcloud.com/migueljohnsonmjmusic
Paradox Interactive, "Spatial Lullaby" https://www.paradoxplaza.com
Chris Zabriskie, "Readers Do You Read" http://chriszabriskie.com
Stellardrone, "Fermi Paradox" https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com
Ross Bugden, "City Lights" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQKGLOK2FqmVgVwYferltKQ
Markus Junnikkala, "We Roam the Stars" https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/