In a universe stretched thin by eons, where stars have long faded and even atoms face their end, a single question remains: can intelligence find a way to outlast time itself?

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Credits:
Civilizations At The End Of Time:  Eternal Intelligence 
Episode 483; January 23, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Edited by: Ludwig Luska
Graphics by: Jeremy Jozwik
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Phase Shift, "Forest Night"
Chris Zabriskie, "Unfoldment, Revealment", "A New Day in a New Sector"
Stellardrone, "Billions and Billions"

Civilizations At The End Of Time: Eternal Intelligence

Discover the incredible engineering and visionary potential of Bernal Spheres, futuristic space habitats designed to sustain human life in the stars.

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Credits:
Megastructures: The Bernal Sphere
Episode 485; February 6, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Editors: Ludwig Luska
Graphics: Bryan Versteeg, Fishy Tree, Jeremy Jozwik, Udo Schroeter
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Phase Shift, "Forest Night"
Chris Zabriskie, "Unfoldment, Revealment", "A New Day in a New Sector"
Stellardrone, "Billions and Billions"

The Bernal Sphere

The universe is a cold and hostile place, and may be inhabited by ruthless civilizations or machine minds, bent on destroying anything in their way.

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Credits:
Xenocide
Episode 486; February 9, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Editors:Ludwig Luska
Graphics: Darth Biomech, LegionTech Studios
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Xenocide (Narration Only)

Imagine a scale that ranks civilizations not by their borders or technology, but by the sheer energy they command— some spanning entire galaxies. Join us as we explore the Kardashev Scale, the ultimate measure of cosmic power.


Watch my exclusive video Big Alien Theory https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-big-alien-theory
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Credits:
The Kardashev Scale & Population
Episode 486; February 13, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Editors: Ludwig Luska
Graphics: Fishy Tree, Jeremy Jozwik, Ken York YD Visual
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Phase Shift, "Forest Night"
Chris Zabriskie, "Unfoldment, Revealment", "A New Day in a New Sector", "Oxygen Garden"
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Billions and Billions"

The Kardashev Scale & Population

Imagine a world stretched along a single, endless river inside a colossal space megastructure. Explore the fascinating concept of the Topopolis, a futuristic habitat billions of miles long, where humanity might thrive in a sprawling civilization bound by physics, engineering, and imagination.

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Credits:
Topopolis: The Eternal River 
Episode 487a; February 23, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics: Apogii.uk, Ken York YD Visual, Steve Bowers, Udo Scroeter
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Topopolis: The Eternal River Space Habitat (Narration Only)

Gravity Tech: The Power To  Reshape Our Civilization... And The Cosmos Themselves

Gravity Tech: The Power To  Reshape Our Civilization... And The Cosmos Themselves (Narration Only)

Could we sculpt dead planets into living worlds? From artificial crusts and orbital mirrors to taming tectonics and engineering biospheres, this is your definitive guide to turning alien rocks into second Earths.

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Credits:
Interstellar Travel: Can We Survive The Long Journey?
Episode 725; June 15, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics:
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York YD Visual
Mafic Studios
Sergio Botero
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Chris Zabriskie, "Unfoldment, Revealment", "A New Day in a New Sector", "Oxygen Garden", "Wonder Cycle"
Kai Engel, "Endless Story About Sun and Moon"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and..."
Dark Future, "Staring Through" pt1
Miguel Johnson. "The Commanders", "Far From Home"
Lombus, "Hydrogen Sonata", "Cosmic Soup"
Aerium, "Deijocht"
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Solar Eclipse", "Billions and Billions"

The Terraforming Compendium - From Barren Rocks to Living Worlds

In order to succeed in space, we must be able to produce as much as possible on-site, or ‘in situ’, but what are the most critical resources to harvest and how do we do it?

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Credits:
I.S.R.U. In-Situ Resource Utilization
Written, Narrated & Produced by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics:
Fishy Tree
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York / YD Visual
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter
Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator


ISRU: In-Situ Resource Utilization (Narration Only)

In-situ resource utilization (ISRU) is the key to building lasting colonies in space—by turning local materials into shelter, fuel, and even food. Explore how humanity might thrive beyond Earth by living off the land on other worlds.

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Credits:
I.S.R.U. In-Situ Resource Utilization
Written, Narrated & Produced by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics:
Fishy Tree
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York / YD Visual
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter
Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
3:20 Shelter
11:06 Extraction of Volatiles
13:45 Regolith Processing
16:55 Energy Production
18:19 Manufacturing and Construction
20:24 Agriculture
23:40 Propellant Production
26:25 Starlifting

ISRU: In-Situ Resource Utilization - From Regolith to Rocket Fuel (Narration Only)

Join us as we journey beyond the birth of the universe to unravel the mysteries of what might have preceded the Big Bang—and whether time itself had a beginning.

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Credits:
Before the Big Bang - What Came Before Time?
Episode 738; July 20, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
0:00 Intro Asking the Impossible
2:08 The Limits of Time and Spacetime
7:45 Beyond the Big Bang: Alternate Beginnings
14:38 Other Realities: Higher Dimensions and Shadow Universes
18:28 Emergent Time
22:38 Bubble Collisions and Multiverse Scars
24:44 Conclusion: What Came Before Time?

The Bernal Sphere

Isaac Arthur

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