More at https://www.philosophytalk.org/shows/schopenhauer-living-your-worst-life.

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) is considered one of the great European philosophers of the nineteenth century. His most famous work, The World as Will and Representation, presents a pessimistic view of a world filled with endless strife and suffering, where happiness can only be but fleeting. So, how did Schopenhauer think we ought to live with one another in such a world? Did he believe there was ultimately a way to overcome the pain of the human condition? Or are we all doomed to live frustration-filled lives? Josh and Ray keep a sunny disposition with David Bather Woods from the University of Warwick, author of "Arthur Schopenhauer: The Life and Thought of Philosophy’s Greatest Pessimist" (forthcoming).

Schopenhauer: Living Your Worst Life

More at www.philosophytalk.org/shows/schopenhauer-living-your-worst-life.

Adam Aleksic Responds To Callers' Words

More at https://philosophytalk.org/shows/what-is-music.

From classical concerts to commercial jingles, music fills our lives every day. But philosophers disagree about what exactly music is and why it’s valuable. Among the world’s diverse musical cultures and styles, are there any universals? If you play Bach’s cello suites on a synthesizer, is it still the same piece of music? And why do people deliberately listen to sad songs? John and Ray sing it with Andrew Kania from Trinity University, author of "Philosophy of Western Music: A Contemporary Introduction."

The Value of Music

More at https://philosophytalk.org/shows/henri-bergson-and-the-flow-of-time.

Many people think of time as a series of events, like successive frames in a movie. But French philosopher Henri Bergson (1859-1941) argued that this widespread picture was wrong: everything is in constant motion, and can’t be captured by a series of static descriptions. So why does Bergson think our intuition guides us and reason leads us astray? If your self is constantly in flux, is there any such thing as the real you? And how would we have to change our language to reflect the truth? Josh and Ray go with the flow of Barry Allen from McMaster University, author of "Living in Time: The Philosophy of Henri Bergson."

Henri Bergson and the Flow of Time

More at https://philosophytalk.org/shows/henri-bergson-and-the-flow-of-time.

More at https://philosophytalk.org/shows/robert-musil.

Robert Musil (1880-1942) was an Austrian novelist, famous for "The Man Without Qualities." Set in Austria just before the start of World War I, it features a character who tries to live without fixed principles. But is it a good idea to conduct your life in this way? Is it even possible? Could having a rigid system of beliefs make you insensitive to changes in society? Is there a happy medium between dogmatism and spinelessness? Josh and Ray remain flexible with Bence Nanay from the University of Antwerp, author of "Philosophy Without Qualities: Robert Musil, the Thinker" (forthcoming).

Robert Musil and Life as Experiment

Making and Breaking Habits

More at https://philosophytalk.org/shows/making-and-breaking-habits.

To honk or not to honk?

In a brand new episode of the Knowing Neurons podcast, we explore the concept of "mind uploading". How would something like a mind upload really work? How close are we to uploading our brains right now? What kind of ethical, social, and legal challenges would it bring up? We investigate with special guests Dr. Adrienne Fairhall, Dr. Rafael Yuste, and Dr. Randal Koene. 

Resources and a transcript for this episode can be found on http://knowingneurons.com. Support work like this on our Patreon (http://www.patreon.com/knowingneurons)!

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Some music tracks used in this episode are by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) and include: “Fresh Air”, “Comfortable Mystery”, “Modern Vibes”, “Bass Walker”, “Dances and Dames”, and “Floating Cities” - all of which are licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Other music tracks are found in the Public Domain and include “Arpent” by Kevin MacLeod, “Inspiration” by Rafael Krux, and “Chronos” by Alexander Nakarada.

Audio clips from Jurassic Park and SOMA were used for nonprofit educational purposes and were intended to benefit the public by teaching scientific concepts through relatable content - thereby falling under fair use.

Uploading the Human Brain

We make neuroscience accessible to anyone interested in learning about the brain. Delve into the mind via stories, infographics, interviews, and more!