Article Title
Reimagining Heritage Preservation for Modern Urban Sustainability

Date
20 February 2024 

Credits
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-reimagining-heritage-preservation-for-modern-sustainability

Summary
This article explores the evolving relationship between heritage preservation and modern urban development, challenging the traditional dichotomy between heritage and modernity. It argues that heritage, often viewed as a static relic of the past, should be integrated into the dynamic, everyday lives of communities to remain relevant and sustainable. The discourse around heritage preservation, currently dominated by elitist and populist perspectives, needs to shift towards a more inclusive and flexible approach that aligns with societal needs and economic realities. The article advocates for preservation strategies that stimulate the organic, ongoing interaction between communities and their heritage, ensuring that heritage sites are not just conserved but actively contribute to the vitality and sustainability of urban environments. This requires moving away from rigid legal frameworks and scientific formalities towards creating economic incentives and adaptive practices that allow heritage to thrive as a living process within the fabric of modern cities.

Reimagining Heritage Preservation for Modern Urban Sustainability

Article Title 
The Triple Nexus and the Redesign of Financial Instruments for Early Recovery Donor Funding: Lessons Learnt from the Shortfalls of Humanitarian Aid during Conflicts.

Date
27 February 2024

Credits
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-rethinking-aid-for-early-recovery-in-conflict-zones

Summary
This article explores the challenges and opportunities in redesigning financial instruments for early recovery donor funding in conflict zones. It critiques the limitations of traditional humanitarian aid, emphasizing the need for a triple nexus approach that integrates humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding efforts. The article outlines key strategies for fostering sustainable recovery, such as empowering local communities, creating economic multipliers, and avoiding harmful dependencies. It also provides practical recommendations for designing aid that incentivizes peace and contributes to long-term stability, rather than perpetuating conflict or fragmentation.

Rethinking Aid for Early Recovery in Conflict Zones

Article Title
Gendered Territories of War

Date
05 March 2024

Credits
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj 

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-reframing-territories-of-war-through-a-gender-lens

Summary
This article explores the intersection of gender dynamics and conflict through the lens of the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) Agenda. It argues that while the WPS Agenda has gained global traction, it often overlooks how gender shapes conflict territories. Focusing on Syria, the article presents a detailed analysis of territorial control, gender mapping, and the implications for sustainable peace. By comparing pre-conflict maps, current control maps, and gendered indicators, it reveals the fragmentation of social ecosystems and challenges traditional peace process strategies. The article advocates for integrating gender perspectives into political mapping to achieve lasting peace.

Reframing Territories of War Through a Gender Lens

Article Title 
Overcompliance: Another Way to Look at the Humanitarian Externalities of Sanctions.

Date
18 March 2024

Credits
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj 

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-the-humanitarian-fallout-of-sanction-overcompliance

Summary
This article delves into the complex humanitarian externalities associated with the implementation of international sanctions, particularly through the lens of overcompliance. It discusses how, despite targeted intentions, sanctions can inadvertently affect non-sanctioned entities, primarily within the humanitarian and economic sectors. The paper draws from a diverse array of expert discussions and case studies, focusing on Syria to illustrate the ripple effects of such policies on local economies and humanitarian efforts. It critiques the broad impacts of overcompliance and advocates for clearer regulatory guidance, improved dialogue among stakeholders, and a more nuanced approach to sanction regimes to mitigate adverse consequences and better align political objectives with humanitarian concerns.

Beyond Intentions: The Humanitarian Fallout of Sanction Overcompliance

Article Title 
The Central Question of Decentralisation in the Arab Region

Date
26 March 2024

Credits
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj 
Zedoun Al-Zoubi 

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-decentralization-after-the-arab-spring

Summary
The article explores the complex dynamics of decentralization in the MENA region, examining its potential to address systemic issues of marginalization and uneven development highlighted by the Arab Spring. Centralized governance has historically brought stability and development but also unchecked power and resource disparities. Decentralization emerges as a strategic pathway to enhance local governance, foster economic growth, and heal divided societies. The article reviews reforms in countries like Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia, while highlighting ongoing challenges in Iraq, Lebanon, and war-torn nations like Syria, Yemen, and Libya. It underscores the need for carefully tailored decentralization processes to ensure sustainable development, stability, and a more inclusive governance model, ultimately contributing to regional peace and reconciliation.

Decentralization After the Arab Spring: Prospects for the MENA Region

Article Title 
The Political Economy of City-Regions: Lessons Learnt for the Post-Conflict Recovery

Date
2 April 2024

Credits
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj 
Zedoun Alzoubi 
Jadd Hallaj 

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-economic-fault-lines

Summary
This article explores the political economy of city-regions and its implications for post-conflict recovery. It examines how cities, as centers of economic extraction and wealth accumulation, shape urban-rural dynamics, contributing to both civil unrest and peacebuilding. Through case studies from Sierra Leone, Liberia, India, Colombia, and Syria, the article highlights the role of urban centrality in conflict and recovery. Key recommendations include decentralizing governance, fostering urban-rural connectivity, and reconfiguring value chains to support inclusive and sustainable development. By addressing these local dynamics, the article argues for a nuanced approach to post-conflict recovery that goes beyond traditional top-down political solutions.

Economic Fault Lines: Urban-Rural Dynamics and Post-Conflict Recovery

Article Title
Monitoring the Monitors: How to Optimize Monitoring and Evaluation Processes in the Early Recovery of War-Torn Countries

Date
21 May 2024

Credits
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj
Nihad Alamiri
Zedoun AlZoubi

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-optimizing-me-in-war-torn-regions

Summary
This article examines the critical role of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) processes in the early recovery of war-torn countries, with a particular focus on optimizing these practices for greater aid effectiveness. The study highlights the limitations of traditional evaluation standards, such as the OECD-DAC criteria, when applied to emergency-mode projects, and underscores the need for more context-sensitive approaches. It also discusses the challenges of resource allocation, transparency, and the potential conflicts of interest in Third-Party Monitoring and Evaluation (TPME) selection. The article advocates for a transformation of M&E into a learning process that not only measures project outcomes but also engages and empowers local communities, fostering sustainable recovery. By rethinking traditional M&E approaches and integrating community-driven insights, the article offers actionable recommendations for improving the effectiveness and sustainability of aid interventions in conflict-affected regions.

Monitoring the Monitors: Optimizing M&E in War-Torn Regions

Article Title 
The Paradigm of Early Recovery and Peacebuilding

Date
04 June 2024

Credits
Author: Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj
Editor: Nihad Alamiri

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-the-paradigm-of-early-recovery-and-peacebuilding

Summary
This article explores the shift towards early recovery as a new paradigm in addressing the ongoing crisis in Syria, as highlighted by recent discussions at the Brussels Conference. It examines the necessity of transitioning from a humanitarian aid focus to a strategy that leverages local resources and revitalizes the economy, while also addressing the political complexities that hinder long-term stability. The article argues for a change in mindset among Western donors and Syrian political actors, emphasizing the importance of transparency, state regulation, and inclusive solutions that prioritize the needs of the Syrian people. Practical recommendations are provided for fostering local agency, maintaining political dialogue, and incentivizing incremental progress towards recovery and peacebuilding.

The Paradigm of Early Recovery and Peacebuilding

Article Title
Beyond Angels and Devils: Syria and the Paradigm of Reconciliation Vs. Partition

Date
20 June 2024

Credits
Zedoun Alzoubi
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-syria-and-the-paradigm-of-reconciliation-vs-partition

Summary
This article critically examines the complexities surrounding the concept of reconciliation in Syria, which has often been misunderstood as surrender or betrayal. The authors argue that genuine reconciliation requires an inclusive, Syrian-led dialogue addressing critical issues such as justice, the fate of detainees, displaced populations, and the integration of armed groups. The article underscores the necessity of breaking political taboos and engaging in sustained, pragmatic conversations to build a unified Syrian society, as outlined in UN Resolution 2254, while acknowledging the significant challenges that remain.

Beyond Angels and Devils: Syria and the Paradigm of Reconciliation Vs. Partition

Article Title
Syrian Refugees in Neighboring Countries: A Complex Predicament with No Immediate Solution

Date
25 June 2024

Credits
Author: Zedoun Alzoubi
Editor: Nihad Alamiri

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-between-politics-and-desperation-syrian-refugees-in-limbo

Summary
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the Syrian refugee crisis in neighboring countries, emphasizing the complex political, economic, and social dynamics that hinder sustainable solutions. It explores the Syrian regime's reluctance to facilitate the return of refugees, the regional challenges faced by host countries like Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan, and the limited influence of international actors such as the European Union. The article argues that addressing the refugee issue in isolation is futile without a broader political agreement and highlights the potential for localized solutions to improve conditions for refugees and host communities. The Syrian refugee crisis is depicted as a multifaceted challenge that remains unresolved, requiring concerted efforts for meaningful progress.

Caught Between Politics and Desperation: Syrian Refugees in Limbo

Article Title
Moving from Highly Centralized to Decentralized Governance Models:  A Preliminary Framework for Analysing Political and Economic Drivers

Date
02 July 2024

Credits
Hassan Masri
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-from-centralized-to-decentralized-governance

Summary
This paper provides a framework for analyzing the political and economic drivers that prompt highly centralized governance systems to pursue decentralization. Moving beyond the simplistic dichotomy of democratization versus authoritarianism, the study explores five key drivers—power balances, legitimacy, economic challenges, peripheral uprisings, and external influences—using global case studies. It emphasizes the complexity and context-dependence of decentralization processes, highlighting that successful outcomes require more than just normative frameworks. Instead, effective decentralization demands continuous adaptation, stakeholder engagement, and alignment of central and local governance roles over extended periods of time.

Exploring the Shift: Centralized to Decentralized Governance

Article Title
On the Relationship between Identity and Citizenship

Date
09 July 2024

Credits
Author:  Zedoun Alzoubi
Author:  Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj 
Editor:  Nihad Alamiri

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-identity-citizenship-and-quest-for-national-unity-in-syria

Summary
This article examines the complex interplay between identity and citizenship within the ongoing discussions of the Syrian Constitutional Committee. It explores the divergent perspectives that have stalled the constitutional process—one that prioritizes identity as the foundation of state legitimacy and another that emphasizes equal citizenship as the basis of nationhood. Through a detailed analysis of key issues such as religious belief and language, the article argues for the necessity of integrating identity into the framework of citizenship to ensure a cohesive and inclusive Syrian state. Drawing on international examples, it highlights how other nations have successfully balanced these principles, offering insights for Syria's path forward. The article ultimately calls for a constitutional approach that embraces both identity and citizenship as essential components of national unity and stability.

Identity, Citizenship, and the Quest for National Unity in Syria

Article Title
Leveraging Living Heritage for Peace Building: A Step Beyond the Preservation of Heritage Assets in Conflict Zones

Date
23 July 2024

Credits
Eva Ziedan
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-leveraging-living-heritage-for-peace-building

Summary
This paper explores the potential of leveraging living heritage as a tool for peacebuilding in conflict zones, using Syria as a case study. Traditional top-down heritage conservation methods, often rooted in Eurocentric standards, have alienated local communities and exacerbated social divisions. The paper argues for a shift towards inclusive, community-driven approaches that prioritize living traditions and socio-economic development, thereby fostering social cohesion and resilience. Key recommendations include adopting a living heritage approach, promoting inclusive narratives, enhancing genuine community participation, and integrating socio-economic strategies. By embracing these strategies, heritage conservation can play a crucial role in sustainable peacebuilding and recovery in conflict-affected regions.

Leveraging Living Heritage for Peace Building

Article Title
Citizenship and Group Rights in Syria

Date
26 July 2024

Credits
Zedoun Alzoubi 

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-citizenship-and-group-rights-in-post-conflict-syria

Summary
This article explores the complexities of citizenship and group rights in the context of Syria's ongoing conflict and democratic transition. It critically examines various interpretations of citizenship, from regional models based on group rights to secular, human rights-based approaches. Drawing on Will Kymlicka’s theory, the article argues for a balanced integration of individual and group rights, emphasizing the necessity of constitutional protections to safeguard minority identities and prevent the dominance of majority identity. By analyzing global examples, such as Canada and South Africa, the article highlights the importance of protecting both individual and group rights to achieve true inclusivity and stability in Syria's future political landscape. The discussion aims to move beyond polarized views, advocating for a nuanced understanding of rights as a spectrum that must be carefully managed to foster a more inclusive society.

Bridging Divides: Citizenship and Group Rights in Post-Conflict Syria

Paper Title
Between the Normative and the Political: A Study on the Decentralization Experience in Tunisia

Date
1 October 2024

Credits
- Author: Hasan Masri 
- Author: Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj 
- Editor (EN): Nihad Alamiri

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-decentralization-or-recentralization-tunisia-governance-shifts 

Summary
This paper analyzes Tunisia’s decentralization efforts post-2011, revealing how political conflicts, especially between central parties, obstructed local governance reforms. It argues that the focus on the normative legal frameworks missed deeper political issues, ultimately leading to recentralization of the political system under President Saied, under the guise of maintaining national unity and control.

Between the Normative and the Political: A Study on the Decentralization Experience in Tunisia

Article Title
Governance Challenges in the Upcoming Phase: General Concepts

Date
3 January 2025

Credits
A collaboration between LUGARIT and Omran Center for Strategic Studies.

Link
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-redefining-governance-for-a-post-conflict-syria 

Summary
An article examines governance challenges in post-Assad Syria, emphasizing the need for structural reforms, economic recovery, and social reconciliation. It highlights lessons from Idlib's governance while stressing the importance of adapting to diverse contexts. Achieving legitimacy, fostering inclusivity, and balancing stability with economic growth are critical for sustainable national governance and recovery.

📷 Photo: The Presidential Palace overlooking the capitol after the fall of the Assad regime. Damascus, Syria. 9 December 2024.  Photo © Mohammad Bash - via ShutterStock.

Redefining Governance for a Post-Conflict Syria

Paper Title:
Sinjar, Iraq: Local Conflicts, Conflict Resolution and Visions for Peace

Date:
21 January 2025

Publisher: 
LUGARIT

Author: 
Dr. Esther Meininghaus

Summary:
This paper examines Sinjar's interconnected conflicts, including insecurity from armed groups, impunity for genocide perpetrators, land disputes, and challenges faced by Yazidi women and children. It critiques ineffective resolution mechanisms and emphasizes the need for political solutions, justice reforms, and inclusive recovery efforts to rebuild trust and foster lasting peace.

Link:
https://www.lugarit.com/commentary/commentary-sinjars-struggles-and-hopes-a-vision-for-peace 


Sinjar, Iraq: Local Conflicts, Conflict Resolution and Visions for Peace

Paper Title
Aggregating Power: The Territorial Orders of Syria

Date
4 March 2025

Publisher 
LUGARIT + Omran Center for Strategic Studies 

Authors
Authors: Jadd Hallaj, Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj, Hassan Masri

Summary
This paper examines Syria's territorial governance, how the spatial patterns of administrative divisions evolved over the last century. The paper traces the deep patterns of centralization and manipulation of local districting as a means of consolidating centralized control rather than supporting equitable distribution of resources and enhancing development procsses. It critiques Decree 107’s failure to achieve decentralization and highlights fragmented governance models across different regions in Syria. Recommendations focus on addressing systemic imbalances, leveraging cities as hubs, and balancing rural-urban roles to foster equitable and sustainable development.

Link
https://link.lugarit.com/e1To

Aggregating Power: The Territorial Orders of Syria

Paper Title:
Telkeyf: Local Conflicts, Conflict Resolution and Visions for Peace

Date:
20 February 2025

Publisher: 
LUGARIT

Author: 
Dr. Esther Meininghaus

Summary:
This study examines conflict dynamics in Telkeyf, revealing that divisions stem from historical social hierarchies rather than ethnicity or religion. It highlights demographic shifts, armed group interference, and ineffective conflict resolution. The study calls for legal reform, access to justice, and economic revitalization to foster sustainable peace and social stability.

Link:
https://link.lugarit.com/0OjZ

Telkeyf: Local Conflicts, Conflict Resolution and Visions for Peace

العنوان 
تجميع السلطة: نظم الإدارة الترابية في سوريا

تاريخ النشر
٤ آذار ٢٠٢٥

الناشر 
لوغاريت + عمران للدراسات الاستراتيجية

المؤلفون
جاد الحلاج + عمر عبد العزيز الحلاج + حسان مصري

الخلاصة
تبحث هذه الورقة في الحوكمة الإقليمية في سوريا، وكيف تطورت الأنماط المكانية للتقسيمات الإدارية على مدى القرن الماضي. وتتتبع الورقة الأنماط العميقة للمركزية والتلاعب بالتقسيمات المحلية كوسيلة لتعزيز السيطرة المركزية بدلاً من دعم التوزيع العادل للموارد وتعزيز عمليات التنمية. وتنتقد الورقة فشل المرسوم ١٠٧ في تحقيق اللامركزية وتسلط الضوء على نماذج الحكم المجزأة عبر مناطق مختلفة في سوريا. وتركز التوصيات على معالجة الاختلالات النظامية، والاستفادة من المدن كمراكز، وموازنة الأدوار الريفية والحضرية لتعزيز التنمية العادلة والمستدامة.

الرابط
https://link.lugarit.com/e1To

تجميع السلطة: نظم الإدارة الترابية في سوريا

Paper Title:
Is It Time?  Syria’s Transition to a Free Market Economy

Date:
11 March 2025

Publisher: 
LUGARIT

Authors: 
Sohaib Al Zoubi, Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj, Nihad Alamiri

Summary:
Syria's economic recovery faces significant hurdles, including depleted resources, sanctions, and a dominant informal sector. Rapid liberalization risks inflation, requiring careful economic governance. Balancing reforms with a social safety net is crucial. Transparent monetary policies, an independent central bank, and regulatory integration are essential for stability and sustainable economic growth.

Link:
https://link.lugarit.com/Blpg


Is It Time?  Syria’s Transition to a Free Market Economy

العنوان 
هل حان الوقت؟  انتقال سوريا إلى اقتصاد السوق الحر

تاريخ النشر
١١ آذار ٢٠٢٥

الناشر 
لوغاريت 

المؤلفون
صهيب الزعبي ، عمر عبد العزيز الحلاج ، نهاد الأميري

الخلاصة
تواجه عملية تعافي الاقتصاد السوري تحديات كبيرة تشمل: استنزاف الموارد، والعقوبات الدولية، وهيمنة القطاع الاقتصادي غير الرسمي. يرافق خطر التضخم التحرير السريع للأسواق، مما يتطلب حوكمة اقتصادية دقيقة. من الضروري تحقيق التوازن (بين الإصلاحات والحفاظ على الأمان الاجتماعي)، وايجاد سياسات نقدية شفافة، وتحقيق استقلالية البنك المركزي، والسعي نحو تكامل القوانين لضمان الاستقرار والنمو الاقتصادي المستدام.

الرابط
https://link.lugarit.com/Blpg

هل حان الوقت؟  انتقال سوريا إلى اقتصاد السوق الحر

Paper Title:
Tal ʿAfar: Local Conflicts, Conflict Resolution and Visions for Peace

Date:
18 March 2025

Publisher: 
LUGARIT

Author: 
Dr. Esther Meininghaus

Summary:
The study examines conflict dynamics in Tal Afar.  Although it appears peaceful, underlying conflicts persist due to alliances between select tribal leaders and hashd al-shaʿbi, at times manipulating aid access and reinforcing patron-client ties. While sectarian divisions are overstated, Sunni-Shiʿi intermarriages persist. Young residents advocate for equal rights, merit-based employment, and fair access to services, challenging entrenched power dynamics.

Link:
https://link.lugarit.com/sa9o

Tal ʿAfar: Local Conflicts, Conflict Resolution and Visions for Peace

Paper Title:
Redefining Civic Boundaries: Exploring New Regulations and Challenges for NGO Registration in Post-Assad Syria

Date:
08 April 2025

Publisher: 
LUGARIT

Authors: 
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj, Hassan Masri

Summary:
LUGARIT’s policy paper - developed with the support of SwissPeace - examines how, in post-Assad Syria, NGOs are navigating a fragile civic opening marked by regulatory uncertainty, legacy constraints, and an urgent need for inclusive, trust-based legal reform.

Link:
https://link.lugarit.com/h1rb


Redefining Civic Boundaries: Exploring New Regulations and Challenges for NGO Registration in Post-Assad Syria

العنوان 
إعادة تعريف الحيز المدني : استكشاف الأنظمة الجديدة والتحديات المتعلقة بتسجيل المنظمات غير الحكومية في سوريا بعد الأسد

تاريخ النشر
٨ نيسان ٢٠٢٥

الناشر 
لوغاريت 

المؤلفون
عمر عبد العزيز الحلاج ، حسان مصري

الخلاصة
تتناول هذه الورقة تطور البيئة التنظيمية للمجتمع المدني في سوريا بعد سقوط نظام الأسد، وتسلّط الضوء على التحديات والفرص الجديدة للمنظمات غير الحكومية. أُعدّت هذه الورقة بدعم من منظمة سويس بيس (SwissPeace).

الرابط
https://link.lugarit.com/h1rb


إعادة تعريف الحيز المدني : استكشاف الأنظمة الجديدة والتحديات المتعلقة بتسجيل المنظمات غير الحكومية في سوريا بعد الأسد

Paper Title:
Syria’s Constitutional Declarations and the Remaking of National Identity

Date:
15 April 2025

Publishers: 
LUGARIT + Syrian Anonymous Journalists

Authors: 
Author: Zedoun Alzoubi.  Editor (EN): Nihad Alamiri

Summary:
This article examines how Syria’s post-regime constitutional declarations reshape national identity. It highlights a shift from pan-Arabism to territorial nationalism, the re-emergence of Islamic jurisprudence, and the constitutional recognition of diversity. While offering a new vision, the paper stresses that true identity will emerge through inclusive practice and implementation.

Link:
https://link.lugarit.com/kAQ4


Syria’s Constitutional Declarations and the Remaking of National Identity

Paper Title:
Sanctions and the Prospects for Stability and Recovery in Post-Conflict Syria

Date:
17 April 2025

Publishers: 
SwissPeace + LUGARIT

Author: 
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj

Summary:
Multilayered sanctions and widespread overcompliance risk entrenching Syria’s economic fragility and obstructing its post-conflict recovery. This brief – developed by LUGARIT for SwissPeace - calls for a pragmatic shift in international policy—enabling essential services, local governance, and institutional reform—through a phased, risk-managed approach that balances accountability with the urgent need for stabilization and inclusive reconstruction.

Link:
https://link.lugarit.com/DdEb


Sanctions and the Prospects for Stability and Recovery in Post-Conflict Syria

العنوان 
العقوبات وآفاق الاستقرار والتعافي في سوريا بعد النزاع

تاريخ النشر
١٧ نيسان ٢٠٢٥

الناشر 
SwissPeace + LUGARIT

المؤلف
عمر عبد العزيز الحلاج 

الخلاصة
تُهدد العقوبات - والإفراط في الامتثال لها - الاقتصاد السوري وتعرقل تعافيه بعد سقوط نظام الأسد. يدعو هذا الموجز، الذي أعدته لوغاريت لصالح SwissPeace، إلى تحول عملي في السياسة الدولية، يُمكّن من توفير الخدمات الأساسية، والحوكمة المحلية، والإصلاح المؤسسي، من خلال نهج تدريجي ، يُوازن بين المساءلة والحاجة المُلحة لتحقيق الاستقرار وإعادة الإعمار الشاملة.

الرابط
https://link.lugarit.com/DdEb


العقوبات وآفاق الاستقرار والتعافي في سوريا بعد النزاع

Paper Title:
Baʿshiqa: Local Conflicts, Conflict Resolution and Visions for Peace

Date:
22 April 2025

Publisher: 
LUGARIT

Author: 
Dr. Esther Meininghaus

Summary:
This paper examines conflict in Baʿshiqa, highlighting how the Iraqi education system’s emphasis on religious difference perpetuates discrimination, especially against Yazidis. It calls for inclusive reforms that acknowledge diverse histories, foster shared humanity, and promote equality, justice, and psychosocial support as foundations for sustainable peace and social cohesion.

Link:
https://link.lugarit.com/pqJ2

Photo: 
KRG President Masoud Barzani meeting with the religious leaders of Kurdistan. Baʿshiqa, Iraq. 16 November 2016.  Photo © Berci Feher / ZUMA Press - via Alamy.


Baʿshiqa: Local Conflicts, Conflict Resolution and Visions for Peace

Paper Title:
Moving Beyond the Legacy of Centralized Power: Multilevel Governance in Syria

Date:
23 April 2025

Publishers: 
LUGARIT + Omran Center for Strategic Studies

Authors: 
Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj + Hassan Masri

Summary:
This paper argues that Syria’s authoritarianism was upheld through systemic strategies of centralization by weakening local and regional governance. It warns against reinstating this model post-conflict and calls for an inclusive approach to reintegrating the territory. Sustainable recovery, the authors contend, hinges on empowering middle and local levels with real authority and institutional capacity.

Link:
https://link.lugarit.com/Klvn

Photo:
Syrian Parliament House. Damascus, Syria. 15 February 1955.  Photo © Camera Press / Sydney Morning Herald - via Alamy.


Moving Beyond the Legacy of Centralized Power: Multilevel Governance in Syria

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