Republic of The Gambia - Ka Jamaa Be Taa

Gambia is a republic in West Africa, located on the banks of the Gambia River. Except for a short stretch of coastline at the mouth of the river into the Atlantic Ocean, Gambia is completely surrounded by the state of Senegal. With a total area of ​​approximately 11,000 square kilometers, the country is the smallest country on the African mainland. The capital is Banjul.

Gambia is best known for its diverse ecosystems along the river of the same name, which flows through the center of the country. The diverse native wildlife in Kiang West National Park and the Bao Bolong Wetland Reserve includes monkeys, leopards, hippos, hyenas, and rare birds. Beaches can be found in the capital, Banjul, and nearby Serrekunda.

Gambia - Ka Jamaa Be Taa

சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு (Ciṅkappūr Kudiyarasu) - கிட்ட டி ஜலான் (Kiṭṭa Ṭi Jalāṉ)

Singapore is an island and city-state in Southeast Asia. It lies off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula and is separated from it by the Strait of Johor. With an area of ​​728.6 square kilometers, Singapore has the smallest territory in Southeast Asia. With almost 6 million inhabitants, Singapore is the most populous microstate in the world. The former British crown colony gained independence from Malaysia on August 9, 1965, and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The official languages ​​are Malay, Mandarin, Tamil, and English, with Malay being the national language.

After early years of political crises and despite a lack of natural resources and virtually no hinterland, the nation developed into one of the four Asian Tigers: Singapore is the only country in Asia with an "AAA" credit rating from all major rating agencies and is an important financial and logistics hub; it is considered, alongside Hong Kong, the most important financial center in Asia. This makes Singapore one of the richest countries (and cities) in the world and also ranks among the cities with the highest cost of living in the world.

The city-state scores highly on key social indicators: education, healthcare, quality of life, personal safety, and public housing, with a homeownership rate of 91 percent. Residents enjoy one of the highest life expectancies, the fastest internet connection speeds, and one of the lowest infant mortality rates in the world. The United Nations Development Program ranks Singapore among the "very high human development" countries.

Singapore is a parliamentary republic, but the People's Action Party has held a dominant position in the state since its founding in 1959 and was at one point the only party in parliament. Internationally controversial is the country's very strict legal system, which even provides for corporal punishment for a range of offenses considered misdemeanors by European standards, up to and including the death penalty for serious crimes, particularly as a deterrent.

The republic regulates the multi-ethnic coexistence between Chinese, Malays, and Indians, who constitute the largest population groups, by law in order to "enforce peace and equality."

After all, with more than eleven million foreign tourists a year, the city-state is one of the ten most visited cities in the world (2015).

Singapore - Kita Di Jalan

Republika y’Uburundi - Turiko Turagenda

Burundi is a landlocked country in East Africa, in the Great Rift Valley. It borders Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Lake Tanganyika to the west, through which most of the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo runs. With a gross domestic product (GDP) estimated at around US$261 per capita (as of 2022), the country has the lowest in the world.

Burundi was part of the German colony German East Africa from 1885 to 1918, became a Belgian colony after the First World War and became independent in 1962. It has had a checkered history since independence. It was briefly partly democratic around 2005, but became increasingly authoritarian again during the rule of Pierre Nkurunziza (2005–2020). The situation in this regard has not improved since then under the new President Évariste Ndayishimiye. Serious violations of human rights continue to occur on a regular basis.

Burundi - Turiko Turagenda

Κύπρος (Kypros) - χαμογελάμε σαν ένα (We Smile As One)

Cyprus is an island in the eastern Mediterranean. It is the third largest Mediterranean island after Sicily and Sardinia. Geographically, Cyprus is part of Asia, but politically and culturally it is mostly considered part of Europe. A good 1.12 million people live on 9,251 km² (2011).

The island has been de facto politically divided since 1974. The south is dominated by the Republic of Cyprus, which under international law continues to cover the entire island (except for the British military bases of Akrotiri and Dhekelia). However, the northern part is under the control of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is only recognized by Turkey, which has occupied this area militarily since 1974 in violation of international law and, in addition to the approximately 40,000 stationed mainland Turkish soldiers, has also resettled a large number of mainland Turkish settlers on the island. It was created after Greek coup plotters annexed Cyprus to Greece against the will of Cypriot President Makarios III. and that of the Greek Cypriot majority tried to enforce. There is a buffer zone between the two areas, which also divides the capital Nicosia as the “Green Line” (πράσινη γραμμή/yeşil hat) and is monitored and managed by the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP).

The “Sovereign British Bases” Akrotiri and Dhekelia are exclaves that belong to the United Kingdom under international law as British Overseas Territories. For Great Britain, the possibility of permanent use of the strategically important island was a condition for Cyprus's independence in 1960. The British also maintain a powerful radar system on the island's highest point, Mount Olympos, and the Ayios Nikolaos station near the exclave of Dhekelia, both of which are used for radio surveillance in the Middle East and are also used by the US National Security Agency (NSA). Like Malta, traffic on the island is on the left, a relic of the British colonial era that lasted from 1878 to 1960.

The Republic of Cyprus has been a member state of the European Union (EU) since May 1, 2004, with its territory recognized under international law. De jure this means that the Turkish north of the island also represents Union territory, but the Republic of Cyprus cannot exercise its rights there. The final version of the Annan plan for reorganizing the political situation on the island was rejected by the Greek Cypriots in a referendum.

Cyprus - We Smile As One

Црна Гора (Crna Gora) - идеја напријед (Idemo Naprijed)

Montenegro is a republic on the southeastern Adriatic coast in southeastern Europe. The Montenegrin territory borders Croatia to the west (25 km), Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest (225 km), Serbia to the northeast (124.4 km), Kosovo to the east (78.6 km) and Albania to the southeast (172 km). Montenegro was part of Yugoslavia since 1920 and became independent on June 3, 2006.

With around 616,000 inhabitants and an area of ​​13,812 square kilometers, the Balkan state is one of the smaller states in Europe. The capital and most populous city is Podgorica, the second largest city is Nikšić. The main economic sectors are the service sector and tourism, especially on the Montenegrin coast.

Montenegro is a member of the United Nations, the WTO, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and NATO. It is also a candidate country for accession to the European Union and uses the euro as its currency.

Montenegro - Idemo Naprijed

ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ (Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa) - ނެތް (Nimumeh)

Maldives are an island nation in the Indian Ocean southwest of Sri Lanka. The archipelago consists of several atolls and approximately 1,200 islands, of which 220 are inhabited by locals and another 144 are used for tourism. The nation is a founding member of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). It has also been a member of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1982—with a break from October 13, 2016, to February 1, 2020.

Since the 1970s, the island nation has developed into an increasingly popular tourist destination, bringing increasing prosperity to its residents but also causing ecological and social problems.

The archipelago's continued existence is threatened by rising sea levels caused by climate change.

The Maldives is a tropical country in the Indian Ocean, comprising 26 ring-shaped atolls composed of more than 1,000 coral islands. They are known for their beaches, blue lagoons, and extensive reefs. The capital, Malé, has a bustling fish market, restaurants, and shops along the main street, Majeedhee Magu, as well as the 17th-century Friday Mosque, a mosque carved from white coral.

Maldives - Nimumeh

Republic of South Sudan - Wɔ Tɔ̈ Në Kueer Yic

South Sudan is a landlocked country in East Africa. It borders Sudan to the north, Ethiopia to the east, Kenya to the southeast, Uganda to the south, the Democratic Republic of Congo to the southwest, and the Central African Republic to the west. Its capital is Juba. However, due to the civil war that lasted from 2013 to 2018 and its ongoing political and social upheaval, South Sudan no longer exists as a cohesive, sovereign state.

The territory was an autonomous region within Sudan from 1972 to 1983 and again from 2005 to 2011. On July 9, 2011, South Sudan gained independence from Sudan.

South Sudan is one of the poorest countries in the world.

The authoritarian government regularly commits serious human rights violations.

South Sudan - Wo Toe Ne Kueer Yic

República de Cuba - No Paramos

Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the northwest, the Atlantic Ocean to the northeast, and the Caribbean Sea to the south. Cuba has a population of approximately 10 million, the majority of whom are Christians, making it the third-largest country in the Caribbean (after Haiti and the Dominican Republic). The country's capital is Havana, the second-largest metropolis in the Caribbean.

Cuba is a one-party dictatorship. The authoritarian government regularly commits serious human rights violations. The economy is weak, and the general standard of living is low. Large parts of the population live in poverty.

Upon his arrival, Columbus initially named the island Juana after Prince Don Juan. In 1515, his father, Fernando II, King of Spain, ordered the renaming to Fernandina, as only one island in the Bahamas (now Long Island) had been named after him.

The name "Cuba" likely comes from the Carib or Taíno language. The words coa (= place) and bana (= large) mean something like "large place." Columbus wrote that he landed at a place the indigenous people called Cubao, Cuban, or Cibao. These names evidently referred to a mountainous region near the landing site in eastern Cuba.

In 1964, the Cuban writer and etymologist José Juan Arrom described the following word origin: According to his account, the Arawak language contains the term kuba-annakan or cubanacán, which means "country or province in the middle." This makes it virtually certain that "Cuba" meant something like "country" or "province" in the local language.

Another naming theory focuses on the town of Cuba in Alentejo, Portugal; it is here that Columbus was born as an illegitimate offspring of the Portuguese royal family.

Cuba - No Paramos

Co-operative Republic of Guyana - Forward Wi Go

Guyana is a country on the Atlantic coast of South America. It borders Brazil to the south and west, Venezuela to the northwest, and Suriname to the east.

On the other side of Suriname lies the French overseas department of Guyane, or French Guiana. The South American Guianas are not to be confused with the three African countries of Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, and Equatorial Guinea.

Covered in dense rainforest and with a passion for cricket and calypso music, this English-speaking country has close cultural ties to the Caribbean. The capital, Georgetown, is known for its British colonial architecture, including the large, colorful wooden Anglican church, St. George's Cathedral. A large clock adorns the tower of Stabroek Market, where local produce is sold.

Guyana - Forward Wi Go

Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg - Mir Sangen

Luxembourg is a democratic state in the form of a constitutional monarchy in western Central Europe. At the beginning of 2024, the country had a population of approximately 672,000; its seat of parliament and government is the City of Luxembourg. The Grand Duchy belongs to the Central German-speaking region. The national language is Luxembourgish; additional administrative and official languages ​​are Standard German and French.

Historically, Luxembourg belonged to the Holy Roman Empire and the German Confederation. In the wake of the Luxembourg Crisis, the Second Treaty of London in 1867, which enshrined Luxembourg's neutrality, led to its withdrawal from the association of German states. Until 1890, the Grand Duchy was ruled in personal union by the King of the Netherlands and occupied by the German Empire during both World Wars. Subsequently, after the Second World War, it played a leading role in European integration and became a founding member of NATO, the UN, and the European Union.

Together with its neighboring countries Belgium and the Netherlands, Luxembourg forms the Benelux countries. Together with Saarland, the French region of Lorraine, the Walloon Region in Belgium, and the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, it belongs to the "Greater Region (Saar-Lorraine-Lux)," which is home to approximately 11.8 million people. With 267,300 cross-border commuters, the region has the highest cross-border mobility of workers within the European Union.

Luxembourg - Mir Sangen

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Resolute Echoes.

Even as a small child I wanted to learn a musical instrument...

...since there was a music school in our small town where I grew up, but it was limited to the activities of the local musicians' band, the choice was rather limited... because piano, guitar or saxophone were not offered and that's why I decided me for the trumpet, which was not used for cast-technical reasons, so the FLÜGELHORN became my instrument...
In my youth I turned my back on music and was active in sports towards the end of my teenage years.

Montenegro - Idemo Naprijed

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