How Motherboards Are Made

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Since the motherboard is such an important component, it should come as no big surprise that manufacturing motherboards is such an intensive process. But how does chemical etching fit into the equation?


I wanted to know because Japan is really good in hardware but whenever. All I've ever heard of are laptops like Toshiba Fujitsu etc and industrial and supercomputers made by Japanese companies. The only computer part which I found is made by a Japanese company was ram made by some unknown company called buffalo.



This graphic is set above a workstation where people manually test each listed component on the motherboards, ensuring everything works correctly before the motherboard is even boxed and shipped
.


The part where all the ports are for your USB devices, mouse and keyboard, and general peripherals. 
Depending on your motherboard specs and onboard hardware, both the type and number of ports here can vary quite a bit.

For example, 
some motherboards may have additional or newer USB ports, while others might feature antennae for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.



They can come in either SATA M.2 or NVMe M.2 variations. Double-check
 what type of storage device your motherboard and CPU support before buying an M.2 driv
e. Most modern processors and motherboards should support NVMe, though.

M.2 SATA ports are more common on budget and Mini ITX/laptop motherboards and very uncommon on mid to high-end boards
.



How Motherboards Are Made: A Gigabyte Factory Tour
 Without a doubt, motherboards are the most complex and essential part of the modern PC. Not only do they hold the chipsets that pass data from peripherals, drives and memory to the processor, they also provide slots and ports for all your other system components and the circuits through which all data must pass. Perhaps surprisingly then, motherboards get very little respect in the computing press as compared to other components. They are perpetually the team player and not the star of the show, and are generally priced as such.


With this in mind, it's surprising to learn the amount of work and machinery involved in manufacturing a single motherboard. We'd vaguely imagined some sort of stamping process where all components are slapped onto the bare board in one step and soldered, before being boxed in a big room full of bored workers. Sure there would have to be some testing, but how intense could it be? As PCSTATS recent trip to Gigabyte's Nan-Ping factory in Taiwan showed us, there's a lot more to it. In fact, producing and testing a single motherboard involves a mind-boggling host of automated machines, people and processes; so we'd like to detail the whole assembly line we toured while covering Computex, to give you a feel for how things are really made. Gigabyte's Nan-Ping factory is a modern building in rural Taiwan. Built in 1986, this 8-story factory encompasses 45,000 square meters of work space, and includes 18 SMT lines, 10 DIP lines, and 9 Testing lines. 
The outside of Gigabyte's towering Nan-Ping factory


I made the step from a Xeon e3-1231v3 on an ASUS Z97 Pro Gamer to the Ryzen 5 1600AF on an AsRock B450 Pro 4, and despite it being the newer and according to numbers more potent system, things weren't smooth:


However, motherboards have a multilayer construction, which means they have more than two copper layers. This means that the above process has to be carried out several times. In the case of a six-layer motherboard, two of these cores will be needed to provide four of those layers. We'll see later how the other two layers are made.


Double-sided cores are now sandwiched together to start the creation of a multilayer PCB. Two cores are used for a six-layer board (a common figure for motherboards), but they can't be stacked directly on top

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