We open this episode discussing the shocking near-miss a NASA satellite had with space debris - and how the close encounter was even riskier than initially thought. 

Just how much danger do these orbiting objects pose?

Then we shift our focus to new research on Saturn's ocean moon Enceladus. 
Scientists say the subsurface sea could be capable of supporting life. 
What hints have they uncovered about potential habitats on this tiny world?

Staying on the theme of space sustainability, we look at India's ambitious goal to achieve debris-free space missions by 2030. 
How do they plan to mitigate orbital trash going forward?

In an eye-opening segment, We will explain how 41,000 years ago, Earth was bombarded by high levels of cosmic radiation due to our planet's weakened magnetic field at the time. 

What does this teach us about space radiation risks?

We wrap up charting the path ahead for space exploration while addressing environmental impacts and crew safety. 

From the moon to Mars, how can we explore responsibly?
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Close Calls with Space Junk & Cosmic Rays!

We Plan to wish NASA's Curiosity Mars rover a happy 10th birthday since landing on the Red Planet back in 2012.

News details NASA's discovery that Mercury holds a solid inner core estimated to be 10 miles of pure carbon in the form of diamond.

Our update covers JWST achieving a direct imaging of one of its coldest exoplanet targets yet, further demonstrating its unprecedented observational power.

This week's stargazing highlights the third quarter moon tonight and a crescent moon near Jupiter on July 30th.
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Curiosity's Birthday, NASA Finds Mercury's Diamond Core & JWST's Latest

We take listener questions on topics like what are black holes made of, how do planets form, and how long do stars live to provide a casual primer on basic space science.

News shares footage captured by a space-junk tracking satellite of a discarded rocket floating in orbit, highlighting the growing orbital debris issue.

Our update details Hubble's observation of a magnificent face-on spiral galaxy blazing in the constellation Leo Minor.

This week's stargazing highlights Venus returning as the brilliant "Evening Star" and the New Moon on August 4th creating perfect darkness for observing faint objects.

We wrap up this episode thanking listeners and previewing more upcoming celestial sights.
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Discussions and answers about Black Holes, Planets & Stars

We kick off in segment 1 with answering listener questions on black holes, planets and stars.

Segment 2 features part 1 of our exclusive interview with meteorite researcher Alreem Abdallah Alzarouni of Sharjah Academy.

Segment 3 shares part 2 where Alreem discusses favorite celestial bodies, research methods and challenging problems solved.

Segment 4 concludes our interview with a discussion of analytical tools used, meteorites' importance for solar system history and beliefs on extraterrestrial life.
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Meteorite Reserach Analyst Interview with Alreem Alzarouni from SAASST

We profile the UAE's ambitious 2028 mission to visit multiple asteroids and become the 4th nation to soft-land on an asteroid.

In space news, scientists argue for an international agreement governing use of lunar water and other resources discovered.

This week's frightening facts feature space hazards that are nightmarishly real versus science fiction.

During Q&A, your host address questions from listeners about asteroid mining legislation, colonizing Mars in tunnels and spooky celestial mysteries.
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UAE's Asteroid Mission & Lunar Resource Sharing

We profile the first pan-Arab scientific satellite set to launch next summer on a Chinese rocket, uniting 22 Arab countries in space.

Juno update shares NASA's probe spotted a massive new volcano on Jupiter's volcanic moon Io during a recent flyby.

In discussion, we contemplate what the extraordinary implications would be if, hypothetically, Earth somehow orbited the Sun at the speed of light.

This week's stargazing notes that a Full Moon occurs on September 17th in most timezones, appearing officially full on the 18th.
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Arab Space Dreams, Juno's Find & Faster Than Light Earth

In our first segment, we explore the dramatic consequences of Earth suddenly stopping its spin. Discover how such an event would alter everything from climate and geography to the very fabric of life on our planet.

In our discussion segment, we imagine an Earth as large as the Sun. How would this change our planet's dynamics, gravity, and ability to sustain life? Dive into this thought experiment that redefines our perspective on planetary science.

Our research segment examines the hypothesis that a cosmic collision might have given Earth its own set of rings. Learn about the possible events and conditions that could lead to the formation of these majestic celestial structures around our planet.

Finally, we present fascinating facts in our segment on Silent Space, focusing on the Sun. Uncover interesting details about the Sun's age, size, and characteristics that make it the powerhouse of our solar system.
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Earth's Cosmic Transformations and Celestial Wonders

Could we survive on a world where even lifting a coffee cup is a struggle? Discover how high-gravity planets shape life, technology, and the future of space colonization. From immense super-Earths to black holes, we examine the worlds where gravity rules all.

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Credits:
High-Gravity Worlds: The Planets That Crush You 
Episode 491; March 20, 2025
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics by: Jeremy Jozwik, Ken York, and Sergio Botero 
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Chris Zabriskie, "Unfoldment, Revealment", "A New Day in a New Sector", "Oxygen Garden"
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Billions and Billions"

High-Gravity Worlds (Narration Only)

High-Gravity Worlds: The Planets That Crush You

Alya Al Nuaimi invites you to embark on an intergalactic adventure through the cosmos with Kalam Astro. Stay up to date with the latest global and local astronomy news, including interviews with industry experts, and discover the secrets of the universe with mind-bending theories. Want some helpful tips on stargazing? Alya has got you covered.

New tracks tagged #PlanetaryScience