Blog summary of a research paper published in Volume 15, Issue 5 of Aging (Aging-US): “Cellular senescence with SASP in periodontal ligament cells triggers inflammation in aging periodontal tissue.”
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Repercussions of poor dental health aren’t limited to mere social stigmas. Poor dental health can impart serious consequences on an individual’s overall health. Periodontal disease broadly refers to any disease that affects the gums and the surrounding tissues that support the teeth, including the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. Periodontal disease can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes by allowing bacteria to enter the bloodstream, causing inflammation and organ damage. 

Periodontitis is a more advanced stage of periodontal disease. It is thought to be the most common infectious disease in the United States—affecting more than 40% of adults over 30 years old. Previous research has suggested that aging is a significant risk factor for periodontitis, although the underlying mechanisms are unclear.

“The direct cause of periodontitis is periodontopathic bacteria, while various environmental factors affect the severity of periodontitis. Previous epidemiological studies have shown positive correlations between aging and periodontitis. However, whether and how aging is linked to periodontal health and disease in biological processes is poorly understood.”

Full blog - https://aging-us.org/2023/03/a-promising-approach-to-preventing-periodontitis/

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204569

Corresponding author - Motozo Yamashita - yamashita.motozou.dent@osaka-u.ac.jp

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Keywords - aging, cellular senescence, periodontitis, periodontal ligament, SASP, microRNAs, SIRT1

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Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

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A Promising Approach to Preventing Periodontitis

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BUFFALO, NY — April 29, 2025 — A new #research paper was #published in Aging (Aging-US) Volume 17, Issue 3, on March 20, 2025, titled “Inhibition of the metalloprotease ADAM19 as a novel senomorphic strategy to ameliorate gut permeability and senescence markers by modulating senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).”

Researchers, led by first author Sudipta Bar and corresponding authors Amit Sharma and Pankaj Kapahi from the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, have found that the enzyme ADAM19 plays an important role in regulating aging in cells and inflammation in the gut. Their study shows that blocking ADAM19 reduced gut damage and inflammation in fruit flies, mice, and human cells. This discovery points to a new possible way to treat gut disorders related to aging by reducing the harmful signals from senescent (aging) cells.

As individuals age, DNA damage can lead to the accumulation of senescent cells, contributing to tissue damage. These are cells that stop dividing and release harmful inflammatory substances called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this study, researchers used fruit flies to search for genes involved in radiation-related gut damage. They identified a gene called meltrin, which is similar to human ADAM19. When meltrin was turned off, the flies had less gut leakage, less inflammation, and fewer signs of cellular aging.

“Through an unbiased genome-wide association study (GWAS) utilizing 156 strains from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), we identified meltrin (the drosophila orthologue of mammalian ADAM19) as a potential modulator of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).”

To test if these results applied beyond flies, the team inhibited ADAM19 in mice using a drug called batimastat. Mice treated with the drug after chemotherapy exposure had stronger gut barriers and lower levels of inflammatory markers. The findings extended to human cell cultures, where ADAM19 inhibition reduced signs of cellular aging, including the expression of SASP proteins and β-galactosidase, a classic aging marker. 

Importantly, this approach does not kill aging cells like many 'senolytic' therapies but instead reduces the harmful substances they release, making it a potential "senomorphic" strategy. The study also showed that ADAM19 helps release certain SASP proteins by cutting them at the cell surface, suggesting a direct role in regulating inflammatory signals.

Through proteomic analysis, the team identified 12 SASP proteins that were significantly reduced when ADAM19 was blocked. Many of these proteins are linked to inflammation, immune response, and tissue remodeling in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn’s disease. This connection underlines the relevance of the findings for treating chronic gut disorders in aging populations.

By targeting ADAM19, researchers may have found a new way to protect gut health and lower inflammation caused by aging cells. This study offers a promising path for creating treatments that maintain healthy tissues without having to destroy aging cells, which could benefit people with gut damage related to aging or medical treatments.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206224

Corresponding authors - Amit Sharma - amit.sharma@sens.org, and Pankaj Kapahi - pkapahi@buckinstitute.org

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Inhibiting ADAM19 Reduces Gut Inflammation and Cell Aging Markers Across Species

Aging-US is dedicated to advancing our understanding of the biological mechanisms that drive aging and the development of age-related diseases. Our mission is to serve as a platform for high-quality research that uncovers the cellular, molecular, and systemic processes underlying aging, and translates these insights into strategies to extend healthspan and delay the onset of chronic disease.

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