The Complete Well-Tempered Clavier, BWV 846-893, by Johann Sebastian Bach performed on piano by the award-winning concert pianist David-Ezra Okonsar.

Well-Tempered Keyboard: What It Is And What It Isn't

"The Well-Tempered Clavier, or Preludes and Fugues in all tones and semitones, in major as well as minor, for the benefit and use of musical youth desirous of knowledge as well as those who are already advanced in this study. For their especial diversion composed and prepared by Johann Sebastian Bach currently ducal Chapelmaster in Anhalt-Cöthen and director of chamber music in 1722.”
 
This text appeared as a preface to the First Edition of the First Book of the Well-Tempered Keyboard and has been a source of vehement discussions among scholars for many centuries.
 
The above paragraph is the most accurate and concise description of the Well-Tempered Keyboard, and I would like to comment shortly on it here.
 
"Well Tempered" refers to the tuning system developed by Andreas Werckmeister in 1691. In short, that tuning system, by shifting down the pure fifth intervals, thus modifying the pure harmonic ratios between sounds, permits one to compose and perform on all keys. A facility previously unavailable, only a range from all naturals (C major) up to keys with some three or four accidentals, was practically usable. "Clavier" means nothing else, but keyboard. Those pieces are then intended for keyboard without any specification.
 
That keyboard may be a Clavichord, Harpsichord, pipe organ, and from today"s point of view: piano and electronic keyboards. In other words, Well-Tempered Keyboard is to be played (if it is to be played at all) on any keyboard. Which keyboard with what sort of sounds is left to the performer"s discretion.
 
After that come a few interesting phrases: for the benefit and use of musical youth desirous of knowledge ("Lehrbegierigen Musicalischen Jugend”).
 
Here Bach points out, as in many of his published works, the pedagogical aspect of the Well-Tempered Keyboard. Here, as is expected at that time, musical education comprises performance and composition. He mentions those already advanced in this study ("in diesem studio schon habil seyenden”).
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read more: okonsar.com/46-WellTemperedClavier_second_edition.html

03 - Well Tempered Clavier I Prelude Fugue 3 C Sharp Maj BWV 848

01 - Well Tempered Clavier I Prelude Fugue 1 C Maj BWV 846

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 24 B Min BWV 893

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 23 B Maj BWV 892

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 22 B Flat Min BWV 891

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 21 B Flat Maj BWV 890

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 20 A Min BWV 889

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 16 G Min BWV 885

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 15 G Maj BWV 884

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 14 F Sharp Min BWV 883

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 13 F Sharp Maj BWV 882

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 4 C Sharp Min BWV 873

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 3 C Sharp Maj BWV 872

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 2 C Min BWV 871

Well Tempered Clavier II Prelude Fugue 1 C Maj BWV 870

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David Ezra Okonsar, Belgian pianist, composer, conductor and musicologist was born in Istanbul, Turkey. He studied piano, composition and orchestration at the Brussels Royal Conservatory and musicology at the Istanbul Technical University. His primary teachers were J. Cl. Vanden Eynden and Alexis Weissenberg for the piano and Madame Jacqueline Fontyn for composition. He is laureate of numerous international piano competitions including the Gina Bachauer. Besides his international concert career he is a prolific composer and music writer.

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