whist

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How to Play Whist: A Guide for Beginners


Whist is a classic card game that has been played for centuries. It originated in England in the 18th century and was popularized by books such as 
A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist
 by Edmond Hoyle and 
The Principles of Whist Stated and Explained
 by Henry Jones. Whist is a trick-taking game, which means that each player plays a card and the highest card wins the trick. The game can be played by two or four players, using a standard 52-card deck. The goal of the game is to score more points than your opponent by winning more tricks.


Basic Whist Rules


The basic rules of Whist card game for 2 players are:




The dealer is determined by deck splitting. Each player draws a card from the deck and the player with the higher card becomes the dealer.


Each player is dealt 13 cards each, with the remaining cards forming the draw pile. The top card of the draw pile is revealed. The suit of this card (hearts, spades, clubs, or diamonds) is the trump suit for the round. The trump suit can beat any other suit in a trick.


The player to the left of the dealer leads the first trick by playing any card from their hand. The other player must follow suit if possible, meaning they must play a card of the same suit as the lead card. If they cannot follow suit, they can play any card from their hand.


The trick is won by the player who played the highest card of the suit led or by the player who played a trump card if any were played. The winner of the trick takes both cards and places them face down in front of them.


The winner of the trick leads the next trick and so on until all 13 tricks are played.


The player who won more tricks scores one point for each trick over six. For example, if one player won eight tricks and the other won five, the first player scores two points (eight minus six). The first player to reach five points wins the game.




Whist Variations


There are many variations of Whist that add more complexity and excitement to the game. Here are some of them:





Bid whist or contract whist
: In this variation, each player bids on how many tricks they think they can win before the round begins. The highest bidder chooses the trump suit and must win at least as many tricks as they bid. If they fail, they lose points equal to their bid. If they succeed, they gain points equal to their bid plus one point for each extra trick. The other player gains one point for each trick they win.



Solo whist
: In this variation, each player plays for themselves instead of in teams. There are four possible bids: solo (the player tries to win at least five tricks without a trump suit), misere (the player tries to lose every trick), abundance (the player chooses a trump suit and tries to win at least nine tricks), or abundance declared (the player chooses a trump suit and shows their hand to the other players before playing, and tries to win at least nine tricks). The bids are ranked in that order, with solo being the lowest and abundance declared being the highest. The highest bidder plays against the other three players and scores points according to the difficulty of their bid. The other players score points for each trick they win.



Israeli whist
: In this variation, each round has a different number of tricks to be played, starting from one and increasing by one until 13. The trump suit is also determined by the number of tricks, starting from hearts and rotating clockwise (hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades, no trump). Each player tries to win exactly as many tricks as the number of the round. If they succeed, they score 10 points plus the number of tricks. If they fail, they lose points equal to the difference between their actual and expected number of tricks.


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