Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the future of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: How would you think about approaching science in the future? Should we accept AI's role in future science or still pursue science without the help of AI? - What do you think the future of software development will be in the next decade or so? I hear very conflicting POVs from friends. - Thoughts on LLM use in academic writing (including student theses and dissertations)? - How many new languages do we see a year these days? It wasn't long ago when I was hearing about new languages every now and then... - ​​I'm using an LLM to help me through a book on thermodynamics right now. Nice to just throw misunderstandings at it. - LLMs can learn languages in a few hours. How would you think about making humans able to learn as fast? - ​Hypothetically speaking, if an AI system has access to all the images, cameras of the world, can it think through images, videos as if there is no language? Can it surpass human intelligence like that? - Interestingly, current AI models are very good at creating natural images of people, but it totally fails for electronic circuits. - How would you think about copyright, trademarks and other intellectual properties in the age of AI? - How do we know this is actually Stephen Wolfram? It could just be another Oracle trained in long answers.

Future of Science and Technology Q&A (January 17, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the history of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: How would Stephen Wolfram think about "the new world"? Would you have been surprised by the "discovery" of North and South America, or is that something that would have been supported by science? - How would you think about "Are we alone in the universe?" How has this been addressed in history? - ​​How would you think about speculating on the history of hitchhiking, going back to ancient Rome or even the earliest cities? I would assume it would be things like ox-drawn carts, not expensive horses. - What do you know about colors and how we represent them in computing? - What do you think about the Library of Babel? Do you think that all that could ever have been written has already been written in that library and we just have to find it? - Can you tell us about the history of your father? - How far back can you trace your family history? - Have you ever done one of those DNA tests to map your genetic history? - Can you tell us about the history of your mother? - Did your parents encourage your interest in physics? Or were they hoping you would pursue a different field? - My experience with people in elite philosophy programs is that they're often terrifyingly sharp. Was that your experience as well? - ​​Isn't the word for tungsten in German, Wolfram? - Wow, he grew up splitting time between England and Germany during the prewar years. Did he ever write about his perspective on the war?

History of Science & Technology Q&A (January 22, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers general questions from his viewers about science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: ​​How do we know how far stars, galaxies, etc. are in space? - Can you tell about the science of gem cutting, brilliance, internal refraction, etc.? - ​​Does that mean that objects with higher refractive indexes heat up more? - Are there any materials that slow light down enough so that we can actually see it traveling without technology helping out? - How would you describe science? And how are you staying a scientist? - Can you talk about scientific paradigms? - Interesting parallel to current research in LLMs that have so many variables and so much variability that reproducibility is extremely hard—even if it is "just" computers. - Do you think science has a problem with trying to tell nature how to behave rather than reporting on what nature is telling us? - What if you start the prompt with a script for the tech demo and ask the LLM to not go off script? - I've often been amazed at how LLMs sometimes reproduce realistic human behavior. We have seen them sometimes "lie" or try to "cover" a mistake. - What's your intuition now for what makes the best prompter? - ​​Do you have any suggestions on coming up with ways to test hypotheses, especially ones that are more theoretical and difficult to test in the real world? How do you know when you have a good test? - How are diamonds made? - How can fermions adopt a condensate configuration, or can they?

Science & Technology Q&A for Kids (and others) [January 24, 2025]

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the future of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: Do you imagine humanity exploring "inner space" (i.e. virtual worlds ) more than "outer space"? - Could the spin of electrons lead to a communications system? - How would we evolve to live in space? Would we even evolve, without going into space? - Why is it you always wear the same checked shirt with the right-side collar slightly flattened...almost AI-like... - Do you think that the rules of human biology are computationally reducible, so that we eventually will be able to understand the aging of our cells? - The latest LLMs are doing very advanced mathematics. Do you think we can get AI to the point that it is solving open problems and creating new mathematics? - What is the next step for LLMs to advance? - Do a conversation with Joscha Bach please—it'll be amazing! - Have any of these LLM agents been trained on NKS? - Thoughts on this new "external reasoning" paradigm or more generally, reinforcement learning + LLMs? - How many years away do you think we are from grey goo (self-replicating nanomachines), if ever? - Are people considering (re-)training LLMs completely on scientific high-quality peer-reviewed papers?

Future of Science and Technology Q&A (January 31, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about business, innovation, and managing life as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-business-qa

Questions include: What are the qualifications to be considered an "expert" in a specific field of science? - What do you think was the hardest problem that you've solved? - Does fractional calculus have any meaningful application? Should I just abandon it after PhD? - What are the implications of using hypergraphs in generative AI, or AGI? - When will we get to adopt our own robot pets? I'm allergic and would love a dog. - My Roomba is my pet. - I'd love a guard robot dog. - Did you watch the Superbowl on Sunday? - Do you think we will reach a point in technology where computers themselves will have personalities...like you go to the store and that's one of the features to consider along with GPU, CPU, etc.? - Have you ever thought about the intersection of math and sports? And how that can be applied? There's great nerdy data in sports! - Do you think there's a danger of relying too much on technology? For example, automating home locks. - There were AI companies in the 1980s? - Do you play computer games? Or did you play console games in the 80s and 90s, like Mario and Tetris? - I do think though, that playing games helps keep the brain sharp. - With AR glasses, cats will never be able to walk in front of my terminal screen ever again! - Why are we the only animals who can encapsulate ideas with words? - Do you use any smart tech to categorize or organize your home library?

Business, Innovation and Managing Life (February 12, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the future of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: In the spirit of Valentine's Day, what is the future of bionic hearts? Would this be a way to make humans more efficient? - How would you think about a world in which all of the work is done by robots and AI? - Architects using computerized/AI tools will result in less demand for architects overall, thus less people getting to do architecture. - Do you think the current methods of training and using AI/LLM are here to stay for a while, or is there a real possibility of an alternative machine learning approach appearing and being superior and more efficient? - What would you think about spiking neural nets with a new non-differentiable learning algorithm? Is it the path to smarter AI? - ​​I read from an expert that correcting the errors in a later prompt results in more errors. It's better to go back to the original prompt. - Do you or your team actively work on the alignment issues with AI and are you worried about the next 10 years with regard to that? - Do you see a danger in the trend toward anthropomorphic AI and providing AI systems with human-like attributes? - I wonder what will happen when future AI models are trained on material that shows them the actual results of their past actions. - What are some near- and medium-term breakthroughs that could potentially make the creator a trillionaire? Off the top of my head, fusion power, far more efficient batteries or novel propulsion systems.

Future of Science and Technology Q&A (February 14, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the history of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: - Can you talk about the history of pi? - "Pi day of the century." - Is pi still being researched today? Or is it a solidified concept? - Was there always a connection between "pi" and "pie"? - Can pi be used for data compression? - Is the only reason pi shows up more than tau because we USE pi more often? - If we used tau, it would have been 24/tau^2 instead of 6/pi^2, right? ​- How was your experience with slide rules? Did Leibniz or Newton use tools like a slide rule? - My 8th-grade (1983-ish) teacher didn't allow calculators, but he let me use my slide rule. ​​- Would you rather be stuck with just a slide rule or just an abacus? - What is your favorite "artifact from the past" that you own... any interesting stories? - What's your favorite artifact from the future? - Many key ideas in computer science existed before we had the hardware to implement them (Turing's computer, neural networks in the 1940s). What ideas today do you think are ahead of their time in the same way? - Technology has progressed at an incredible rate during the last two centuries. That seems quite unusual relative to other periods in history. Are we bound to enter a new era of stagnation or regression? Or can we just keep going? - How would you think about cellular automata if you were born in, say, ancient Greece/Rome or Egypt? Or even the 1800s? - ​​Is there a history of people discovering the concept of the ruliad and thinking about it from a different perspective (mathematical, scientific, religious or otherwise)? - I would be interested in hearing about the bug of Alan Turing. - It seems like our definitions of "science" and "technology" have evolved over the years. Are they historically the same thing?

History of Science & Technology Q&A (February 19, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about business, innovation, and managing life as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-business-qa

Questions include: Physicists that "could code" used to be the hot commodity; is it helpful now? Seems like CS/ML people are more in demand than physicists now—why? - ​​I find that building simple frameworks in software GREATLY helps understanding of the underlying material. Mathematics especially, but I don't think it's limited to hard sciences. - I kind of doubt my trying to self-teach cryptanalysis is going to be very transferrable. - Would you consider "science communicator" a career? What skills would be most important? - How would you think about approaching school in the age of AI and LLMS? Should I, as a university student, embrace AI and LLMs? Or should I avoid them to eliminate risks of being too dependent on technology? - I did specialized things for the government and just got laid off. There are no similar jobs in the public sector. How can/should I pivot? - Is it better to stay at one job and "move up the ladder" over decades like our parents did or adopt this trend of staying at a company for no more than three years before salary-shopping elsewhere? - ​​Do you see any solution to the "iron law of oligarchy" on the scale of generations? - Interesting point; so how do we break the mold? I'm northeast England, a deprived region—any advice to get my children (15F, 20F) to realize their potential? - What about economic barriers to "success" and fields where someone can be successful needing expensive education? - What would you say to someone who could change the world but who lacks any resources or academic backing, so nobody wants to help?

Business, Innovation and Managing Life (February 26, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the history of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: What is the history of game theory? What are some successful and less successful applications of this theory? Can you speak about John Nash's work? Did that have any influence on your automata work? - ​​I wonder if that code by Nash exists anywhere? It would be interesting to read. - Do you view the world as being governed by randomness or order? - Would you ever write a book intended to explain the history of the ruliad/Physics Project? - Have you studied the history of cognitive neurological abilities of scientists throughout the ages, things like long-term memory, imagination, creativity...? - Do scientists invent tools first and then look for a problem to use them on, or do they find a problem first and then invent the tool to crack it? - What is your favorite "age" of science? - How did early mechanical computers like the Babbage Engine influence modern computing? - Do you think Ada would have had more success in science and math today than she did when she was alive? - Would you say you research more of the history of people or history of their projects/research? Which do you find more useful?

History of Science & Technology Q&A (March 5, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the future of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: What, exactly, is an "AI agent"? "Agentic"? It seems like nobody knows what those words actually mean today. - Can you tell us about the future of media/information consumption? Will we become a society of "AI summaries" as our main form of information gathering? - Before AI summaries, there were encyclopedias and textbooks and CliffsNotes and such, and while they were useful and convenient, they never became de facto. - When will we get the first AI/robot news reporter? I see these being useful in cases of dangerous live broadcasting like hurricanes, to keep people up to date. - How far are we from LLMs generating a Stephen Wolfram–style long-form post, with similar elucidations, based on a short prompt of the key insight or topic? - When you say the teaching is delegated to the machine, are you saying that the machine is telling the student what to think about instead of just answering questions? - Can a sentient AI "understand" how humans learn? If we would delegate to them the teaching of human kids, would that be compatible with a biological point of view? - Have you ever considered entering the robotics space? A Wolfram Robotics, so to speak? - But if people delegate all calculations to the machines, then might it not happen that the machine actually learns to ask better questions than the humans can, since the machines have the experience built from the calculations and the humans don't? - What will AI not be able to do? Do you believe that something like that exists? - Tiny humans care about those questions about clouds and trees. - Robotic trade shows sound interesting. The company Boston Dynamics shows a lot of progress in the humanoid department. - Anything to say about the future of pi? (Happy Pi Day!) - ​​Do you expect LLM development to hit significant diminishing returns within the next 2–3 years? - Automated theorem proving is so interesting. I'm trying to figure out how to make a theorem prover that demonstrably collapses a/the wavefunction. Like Stephen said; quantum LLMs.

Future of Science and Technology Q&A (March 14, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram is the creator of Mathematica, Wolfram|Alpha and the Wolfram Language; the author of A New Kind of Science; and the founder and CEO of Wolfram Research. Over the course of nearly four decades, he has been a pioneer in the development and application of computational thinking—and has been responsible for many discoveries, inventions and innovations in science, technology and business.

On his podcast, Stephen discusses topics ranging from the history of science to the future of civilization and ethics of AI.

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