BUFFALO, NY – July 24, 2025 – A new #casereport was #published in Volume 16 of Oncotarget on July 23, 2025, titled “Extracorporeal blood filtration leading to tumor growth arrest and reduced analgesic requirements in Stage IV poorly differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A case report.”

In this report, Susanna Ulahannan from the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and colleagues describe the use of extracorporeal blood filtration in a patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer. The patient experienced clinical improvement, reduced pain, and no signs of new tumor growth over 12 months of follow-up.

Metastatic pancreatic cancer is difficult to treat and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. In this case, a 51-year-old woman with stage IV poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma chose not to undergo standard chemotherapy. Instead, she received extracorporeal blood filtration with the Seraph® 100 device, which is designed to remove circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the bloodstream. CTCs are thought to contribute to the spread of cancer to other organs.

“Circulating tumor cells (CTC’s) are tumor cells that are shed from the primary tumor and travel via blood or lymphatic system to form micro metastases in distant organs under a suitable environment.“

The patient received between nine and twelve treatments over the course of a year. These treatments were performed both abroad, where the device is approved for this use, and under a clinical protocol in the United States. Medical imaging showed that her disease remained stable, with no new metastases detected. She also reported improvements in appetite, energy levels, and pain control. Her opioid use was reduced by 90%.

Blood samples confirmed a drop in CTC levels after treatment. This observation supports the idea that removing CTCs might help limit cancer progression in some patients. However, given that this is a single case report, larger clinical studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach.

The mechanism behind the patient’s pain relief is not fully understood. Authors suggest that it may be related to the reduction of tumor cells or inflammatory molecules in the blood. Researchers noted that pro-inflammatory cytokines, known to influence pain, could also have been affected by the filtration process.

This is the first documented case of stable disease and reduced symptoms following CTC filtration in advanced pancreatic cancer. While these findings should not be generalized, they highlight an approach outside standard protocols that should be further explored in clinical research. Future studies will be needed to determine whether this method can contribute to symptom management or disease control in other patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28756

Correspondence to - Susanna Ulahannan - susanna-ulahannan@ouhsc.edu

Video short - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dro6iUGDrVQ

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Keywords - cancer, extracorporeal blood filtration, circulating tumor cells, metastatic pancreatic cancer, seraph 100, OncoBind

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Oncotarget

Blood Filtration Stabilizes Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Case Report

BUFFALO, NY — July 28, 2025 — A new #research paper was #published in Aging (Aging-US) Volume 17, Issue 6, on June 13, 2025, titled “Development of a novel transcriptomic measure of aging: Transcriptomic Mortality-risk Age (TraMA).”

In this study, led by Eric T. Klopack from the University of Southern California, researchers created a new RNA-based aging measure that predicts health risks and mortality. This measure, called Transcriptomic Mortality-risk Age (TraMA), uses gene expression data to estimate a person’s biological aging. This finding offers a new and potentially more accurate way to track aging and understand health risks, especially for older adults.

Aging is a complex biological process that affects multiple systems in the body and increases the risk of disease and death. Scientists have long looked for reliable ways to measure biological aging. While DNA methylation and blood biomarkers are commonly used, this study focused on RNA—a molecule that reflects gene activity. By analyzing RNA sequencing data from nearly 4,000 U.S. adults aged 50 and older, the team developed TraMA to predict the probability of dying within four years.

TraMA proved to be a strong and independent predictor of early death, multiple chronic diseases, poor cognitive function, and difficulties with daily activities. It was also tested in another large group of long-lived families and in several smaller datasets from patients with conditions like diabetes, sepsis, and cancer. The results confirmed the tool’s usefulness across different populations and health conditions.

“TraMA was also externally validated in the Long Life Family Study and several publicly available datasets.”

Unlike earlier RNA-based aging measures, which were often built using small or non-representative samples, TraMA was developed using modern RNA sequencing technology results and a nationally representative dataset. This increases its reliability and potential for broad public health applications. The tool also demonstrated unique advantages over popular biological aging measures like GrimAge and PhenoAge, capturing distinct aspects of aging and health decline.

Importantly, TraMA tracks biological processes related to inflammation, immune function, and kidney and brain health, systems that play key roles in aging. It was also sensitive to behavioral and socioeconomic factors. For instance, smoking, obesity, and low physical activity were associated with older TraMA scores.

TraMA was also sensitive to changes in biological aging. In one study, researchers measured TraMA at two different time points and found that the more recent scores were better at predicting who would die. This suggests that TraMA can track changes in a person’s aging as their health evolves. It also performed well in both large-scale surveys and small clinical samples, making it a useful tool in many types of research.

By offering a new, accurate, and flexible method for measuring biological aging, TraMA may help researchers better understand how genes, lifestyle, and environment influence aging. This tool opens the door to more precise research on improving health and extending lifespan.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206272

Corresponding author - Eric T. Klopack - klopack@usc.edu

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Aging (Aging-US)

TraMA: New RNA-Based Measure Predicts Mortality Risk and Tracks Aging

Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the deadliest cancer worldwide. Cigarette smoking is one of the main causes, but not every smoker develops the disease. This suggests that other biological factors help determine who develops cancer.

Researchers from the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indianapolis, and from the Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center have now found that cigarette smoke, combined with a weakened DNA repair system, can trigger the early stages of lung cancer, particularly NSCLC. This work, led by first author Nawar Al Nasralla and corresponding author Catherine R. Sears, was recently published in Volume 16 of Oncotarget.

Full blog - https://www.oncotarget.org/2025/08/11/cigarette-smoke-and-weak-dna-repair-a-double-hit-behind-lung-cancer-risk/

Paper DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28724

Correspondence to - Catherine R. Sears - crufatto@iu.edu

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Keywords - cancer, DNA repair, DNA damage, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C (XPC)

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Cigarette Smoke and Weak DNA Repair: A Double Hit Behind Lung Cancer Risk

BUFFALO, NY — August 12, 2025 — A new #research perspective was #published in Aging (Aging-US) on July 8, 2025, titled “Exercise as a geroprotector: focusing on epigenetic aging.”

In this perspective, led by Takuji Kawamura from Tohoku University, researchers reviewed existing evidence from scientific studies showing that regular exercise, physical activity, and fitness may influence epigenetic aging and potentially reverse it, offering a promising way to extend healthspan and improve long-term health.

Epigenetic aging refers to changes in the body’s DNA that reflect how quickly a person is aging at the molecular level. It is measured using epigenetic clocks, which analyze patterns of DNA methylation, a chemical modification that can affect gene activity. Unlike chronological age, which simply counts the number of years lived, epigenetic aging presents a more accurate picture of how well the body’s cells and tissues are functioning. This process is influenced by various factors, including lifestyle, and has become a powerful tool for studying aging.

This perspective highlights that while general physical activity, such as walking or doing household tasks, offers health benefits, structured exercise routines that are planned, repetitive, and goal-directed appear to have stronger effects on slowing epigenetic aging. Physical fitness, especially high cardiorespiratory capacity, is also closely associated with slower epigenetic aging.

The authors also discuss key findings from both human and animal studies. In mice, structured endurance and resistance training reduced age-related molecular changes in muscle tissue. In humans, multi-week exercise interventions demonstrated reductions in biological age markers in blood and skeletal muscle. One study found that sedentary middle-aged women reduced their epigenetic age by two years after just eight weeks of combined aerobic and strength training. Another study showed that older men with higher oxygen uptake levels, a key measure of cardiovascular fitness, had significantly slower epigenetic aging.

“These findings suggest that maintaining physical fitness delays epigenetic aging in multiple organs and supports the notion that exercise as a geroprotector confers benefits to various organs.”

The research also examines which organs benefit most from exercise. While skeletal muscle has been a central focus, new evidence shows that regular physical training may also slow aging in the heart, liver, fat tissue, and even the gut. In addition, Olympic athletes were found to have slower epigenetic aging than non-athletes, suggesting that long-term, intensive physical activity may have lasting anti-aging effects.

The authors call for further research to understand why some individuals respond more strongly to exercise than others and how different types of training influence aging in various organs. They also point out the importance of developing personalized exercise programs to maximize anti-aging benefits. Overall, the findings support the growing recognition that maintaining physical fitness is not only essential for daily health but may also serve as one of the most effective tools for slowing the body’s internal aging process.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206278

Corresponding author - Takuji Kawamura - takuji.kawamura.b8@tohoku.ac.jp

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Exercise May Slow Epigenetic Aging

BUFFALO, NY – August 15, 2025 – A new #research paper was #published in Volume 16 of Oncotarget on August 13, 2025, titled “Clinical and analytical validation of MI Cancer Seek®, a companion diagnostic whole exome and whole transcriptome sequencing-based comprehensive molecular profiling assay.”

In this study, first authors Valeriy Domenyuk and Kasey Benson, along with corresponding author David Spetzler from Caris Life Sciences in Irving, Texas, introduce MI Cancer Seek, an FDA-approved test designed to deliver comprehensive tumor profiling. MI Cancer Seek demonstrated strong concordance with other FDA-approved companion diagnostics and serves as a powerful tool to guide treatment decisions in both adult and pediatric cancer patients.

Cancer remains one of the most complex and diverse diseases to treat. With many targeted therapies currently FDA-approved, selecting the right one for a specific patient requires detailed genetic insights. MI Cancer Seek addresses this need by analyzing both DNA and RNA from a single tumor sample. The tool identifies key biomarkers linked to FDA-approved treatments for several major cancers, including breast, lung, colon, melanoma, and endometrial cancers.

One of the most significant strengths of MI Cancer Seek is its ability to deliver accurate and reliable results from minimal tissue input (50 ng). Even when analyzing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, which are widely used but often degraded, the test maintained high levels of accuracy. It successfully detected important genetic alterations such as PIK3CA, EGFR, BRAF, and KRAS/NRAS mutations and measured tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI), both of which are key indicators for immunotherapy response.

In clinical comparisons, the test achieved over 97% agreement with other FDA-approved diagnostic tools, confirming its reliability in detecting critical biomarkers. Notably, it showed near-perfect accuracy in identifying MSI status in colorectal and endometrial cancers. The researchers also demonstrated that the test maintains precision across different lab conditions and varying DNA input levels, confirming its robustness for routine clinical use.

Beyond its role as a companion diagnostic, MI Cancer Seek incorporates additional features developed under its predecessor, MI Tumor Seek Hybrid. These include detection of homologous recombination deficiency, structural variants, and cancer-related viruses. It also includes advanced tools such as the Genomic Probability Score for identifying the tissue of origin in cancers of unknown primary, as well as a gene signature to guide first-line chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.

“One limitation to be considered is the low PPA for ERBB2 CNA detection.”

By offering deeper genetic insights from a single, small sample, MI Cancer Seek has the potential to streamline diagnostics, reduce testing costs, and connect patients to effective therapies more quickly. As precision medicine continues to expand, this assay stands out as a comprehensive and efficient solution for meeting the evolving needs of modern oncology.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28761

Correspondence to - David Spetzler - dspetzler@carisls.com

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FDA-Approved MI Cancer Seek Test Enhances Tumor Profiling for Precision Oncology

BUFFALO, NY — August 26, 2025 — A new #research paper was #published in Volume 17, Issue 7 of Aging (Aging-US) on July 21, 2025, titled “Association of DNA methylation age acceleration with digital clock drawing test performance: the Framingham Heart Study.”

In this study, led by first author Zexu Li from the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology at Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, and corresponding author Chunyu Liu from Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston University School of Public Health, researchers found that individuals with signs of faster biological aging had lower scores on a digital cognitive test taken seven years later. The findings suggest that the rate at which a person ages at the molecular level may be associated with how well their brain functions as they grow older.

Using data from the Framingham Heart Study, the researchers examined the relationship between biological aging and cognitive health. They used DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns—chemical changes that occur in the DNA with aging, known as epigenetic aging—to estimate biological age acceleration, and used the digital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) to assess cognitive performance. The dCDT is a computerized version of a traditional pen-and-paper test that evaluates memory, thinking speed, and motor control. It provides an overall score and measures performance in specific areas such as spatial reasoning and movement.

Among 1,789 participants, higher levels of epigenetic age acceleration were associated with significantly lower cognitive scores, particularly those over age 65. Of all the epigenetic aging markers examined, the DunedinPACE measure showed the strongest association with reduced brain function in both younger and older adults. Other measures, such as Horvath and PhenoAge, were associated with lower scores only in older adults. Key areas affected included motor skills and spatial reasoning.

The researchers also studied blood-based protein markers used in an aging measure called GrimAge. Two proteins, PAI1 and ADM, were closely associated with lower cognitive scores, especially in older individuals. These results suggest that declines in brain and motor functions may reflect broader aging-related changes throughout the body.

“Digital cognitive measures displayed stronger associations with most DNAm aging metrics among older compared to younger participants, likely to reflect the cumulative and nonlinear age influences on both brain health and DNAm.”

This study supports the idea that epigenetic age may be a more accurate predictor of cognitive decline than chronological age. The dCDT, which is easy to use, automated, and more precise than traditional tools, may help detect early signs of brain aging. When combined with DNAm measures, it could become a valuable part of regular health screenings.

Overall, the findings provide strong evidence that faster biological aging is associated with cognitive decline. This research may lead to better ways of identifying and monitoring brain health in aging populations.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206285

Corresponding author - Chunyu Liu - liuc@bu.edu

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Faster Biological Aging Linked to Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

BUFFALO, NY — September 9, 2025 — A new #research paper was #published in Volume 17, Issue 8 of Aging-US on August 1, 2025, titled “Causal relationships between gut microbiome and hundreds of age-related traits: evidence of a replicable effect on ApoM protein levels.”

In this study, Federica Grosso, Daniela Zanetti, and Serena Sanna from the Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) of the National Research Council (CNR), Italy, uncovered new associations between gut microbiome and the aging process. The researchers found that certain microbial characteristics may causally influence proteins in the blood linked to inflammation and heart health. These findings could help explain how age-related diseases like cardiovascular conditions and macular degeneration are influenced by changes in the gut ecosystem.

The gut microbiome, the collection of microorganisms living in the digestive system, plays a major role in immune function and metabolic health. As people age, this microbial community shifts, often leading to imbalances associated with inflammation and chronic disease. To explore how these changes might affect the body, the researchers used Mendelian Randomization—a method that leverages genetic data—to test over 55,000 possible causal connections between gut microbial characteristics and age-related health indicators.

The study identified 91 significant causal relationships. Among them, the researchers found that higher levels of certain gut bacteria were associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration. Another finding was the association between a metabolic pathway in the gut, called “purine nucleotides degradation II,” and lower levels of apolipoprotein M (ApoM), a protein that helps protect against heart disease. This result was validated using data from an independent study, strengthening the evidence.

“Unlike previous studies, we performed replication analyses for the significant results using independent GWAS datasets, a fundamental step that has often been overlooked.”

The study also revealed how some bacteria may affect protein levels differently depending on a person’s blood type. Specifically, in individuals with blood type A, certain gut microbes that can break down a sugar called GalNAc may influence proteins related to inflammation and cardiovascular health. This suggests that personalized approaches to managing age-related diseases could consider both gut microbiota and genetic factors like blood type.

The research team followed strict guidelines to reduce false findings and confirmed its key results in independent datasets. By carefully testing for reverse causality and other biases, the authors provided strong evidence that the gut microbiome can influence critical aspects of aging biology.

Although more research is needed to fully understand the biological pathways involved, these findings suggest that targeting the gut microbiota might help delay or reduce age-related inflammation and disease. The study lays a foundation for future therapeutic strategies that could include diet, probiotics, or other microbiome-based interventions.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206293

Corresponding author - Serena Sanna - serena.sanna@cnr.it

Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWky6jlHKUs

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Aging-US

Gut Microbiome Influences Proteins That Drive Aging and Disease

BUFFALO, NY — September 16, 2025 — A new #research paper was #published  in Volume 17, Issue 8 of Aging-US on August 6, 2025, titled “Age-related trends in amyloid positivity in Parkinson’s disease without dementia.”

In this study, led by first author Keiko Hatano and corresponding author Masashi Kameyama from the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology in Japan, researchers found that patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosed in their 80s showed a significantly higher rate of amyloid positivity—an indicator associated with Alzheimer’s disease—compared to those diagnosed at a younger age. Importantly, none of the participants had dementia. These findings suggest that older patients with PD may face a greater risk of future cognitive decline and could benefit from early screening for Alzheimer’s-related brain changes.

Amyloid-beta is considered a key marker of cognitive decline. While it is known that amyloid accumulation contributes to PD with dementia, its role in patients who have not developed cognitive problems remains less understood. This study aimed to explore how age influences amyloid buildup in people with PD who do not yet show signs of dementia.

The researchers analyzed data from 89 individuals with PD and no signs of dementia. Participants were divided into two age-based groups: those diagnosed before age 73 (LOW group) and those diagnosed at age 73 or older (HIGH group). Using cerebrospinal fluid samples, they measured levels of amyloid-beta, a standard method for detecting early Alzheimer’s-related changes. The findings revealed that 30.6% of the older group tested positive for amyloid, compared to just 10.0% in the younger group.

“[…] we elucidated the prevalence of amyloid positivity in patients with PD without dementia, whose mean age at diagnosis was 80.2 years, using CSF Aβ42 levels.”

Interestingly, both age groups of Parkinson’s patients had a lower rate of amyloid positivity than cognitively normal individuals of the same age in the general population. This unexpected result suggests that PD may alter how amyloid accumulates in the brain, possibly shortening the phase in which amyloid builds up silently before symptoms appear. The authors suggest that amyloid buildup could accelerate the transition from healthy cognition to dementia in patients with PD. The study also observed age-related associations with other biological markers of Alzheimer’s disease, such as tau protein levels. 

As the global population continues to age and the number of older adults diagnosed with PD grows, identifying early warning signs of cognitive decline becomes increasingly important. These findings may help inform future screening approaches and support the development of therapies aimed at delaying or preventing dementia in people with Parkinson’s disease.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206297

Corresponding author - Masashi Kameyama - kame-tky@umin.ac.jp

Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AP8S9evzCJw

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Keywords - aging, amyloid positivity, Parkinson's disease without dementia, cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42

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Older Adults with Parkinson’s Disease Have Increased Brain Amyloid Without Dementia

BUFFALO, NY — September 23, 2025 — A new #research paper was #published in Volume 17, Issue 8 of Aging-US on August 7, 2025, titled “Senescent cell heterogeneity and responses to senolytic treatment are related to cell cycle status during senescence induction.”

This study, led by first authors Francesco Neri and Shuyuan Zheng, together with corresponding authors Denis Wirtz, Pei-Hsun Wu, and Birgit Schilling from the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Johns Hopkins University, reveals that not all aging cells behave the same. The researchers identified key differences between senescent cell subtypes that may influence how well they respond to senolytic drugs. These findings could help guide the development of more effective therapies for age-related diseases.

Senescent cells are aged or damaged cells that stop dividing and accumulate in tissues over time. While they play a role in wound healing and protecting against cancer early in life, they can drive chronic inflammation and tissue decline with age. Researchers are exploring ways to selectively remove these cells using senolytic drugs. However, the large variety of senescent cell types has made it difficult to design treatments that work for all of them. This study aimed to better understand the functional differences among senescent cell subpopulations.

Using high-resolution imaging, the team analyzed thousands of human endothelial and fibroblast cells growing in the lab. They observed that cells that exited the cell cycle (stopped dividing) in a later phase showed stronger signs of senescence and were more sensitive to senolytic treatment. These cells also produced more IL-6, a molecule associated with inflammation. The findings suggest that DNA content, which varies depending on the cell cycle phase, plays an important role in how aging cells function and how they respond to drugs.

“We found that G2-arrested senescent cells feature higher senescence marker expression than G1-arrested senescent cells.”

This is the first clear evidence that senescent cells do not all respond equally to treatment. The results suggest that future senolytic therapies could be more successful if they are designed to target specific subtypes of senescent cells, especially those with greater inflammatory potential.

While this research was conducted in laboratory cell cultures, it provides a foundation for studying how these findings apply to living tissues. Future work will examine whether similar patterns occur in the body and how this knowledge could lead to more precise and effective treatments for age-related conditions. Understanding the diversity of aging cells is key to developing therapies that are both safer and more targeted.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206299

Corresponding authors - Denis Wirtz — wirtz@jhu.edu, Pei-Hsun Wu — pwu@jhu.edu, and Birgit Schilling — bschilling@buckinstitute.org

Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8bhKEFLzqA

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Keywords - aging, cellular senescence, imaging, heterogeneity, senolytics, cell cycle

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How Cell Cycle Status Affects Aging Cell Response to Senolytic Drugs

BUFFALO, NY — November 18, 2025 — A new #research paper was #published in Volume 17, Issue 10 of Aging-US on October 3, 2025, titled “Growth hormone excess drives liver aging via increased glycation stress.”

In this study, led by first author Parminder Singh alongside with corresponding authors Pankaj Kapahi from the Buck Institute for Research on Aging and Andrzej Bartke from Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, researchers investigated how elevated growth hormone (GH) levels contribute to liver aging and dysfunction. They found that excess GH disrupts liver metabolism in ways that resemble aging-related liver damage. The study suggests that managing glycation stress may help prevent or treat liver diseases linked to abnormal hormone levels.

Excess GH is known to cause different disorders, but its long-term impact on internal organs like the liver has remained unclear. To address this, researchers used a mouse model engineered to overproduce bovine GH and examined how chronic hormone exposure affects liver function over time.

“Pathological conditions such as acromegaly or pituitary tumors result in elevated circulating GH levels, which have been implicated in a spectrum of metabolic disorders, potentially by regulating liver metabolism.”

The team found that young mice with GH overexpression showed molecular and cellular patterns similar to those in naturally aged livers. In both groups, genes involved in metabolism were suppressed, while those linked to immune and inflammatory responses were activated. On one hand, the metabolic changes were associated with the buildup of advanced glycation end products, harmful compounds formed when sugars attach to proteins or fats without proper regulation. On the other hand, the immune and inflammatory changes reflected a process known as “inflammaging,” a form of chronic, low-grade inflammation commonly associated with aging. By revealing the overlap between hormone-driven and age-related liver dysfunction, the study provides new insight into how GH may accelerate aging processes.

Importantly, the team showed that reducing glycation stress can reverse many of these negative effects. Mice treated with a compound that lowers glycation levels demonstrated improved liver health, reduced insulin resistance, and enhanced physical function. This intervention also corrected several abnormal genetic patterns caused by excess GH. The findings point to a potential therapeutic strategy for liver diseases associated with aging and hormonal imbalances.

Overall, this research identifies glycation and its byproducts as key contributors to liver damage caused by excess GH. It suggests that targeting glycation could offer broad therapeutic benefits, not only for hormone-related conditions but also for supporting liver health during aging.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206327

Corresponding authors - Andrzej Bartke - abartke@siumed.edu and Pankaj Kapahi - pkapahi@buckinstitute.org

Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6v8xi5muLwA

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Keywords - aging, growth hormone, glycation stress, Gly-Low

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How Growth Hormone Excess Accelerates Liver Aging via Glycation Stress

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