The last five years (since Stephen's last birthday livestream: https://youtu.be/2-aAi6QXsl0) have been his most productive yet. Join him as he celebrates by looking back at the last five years and looking forward to what's next.

Watch the original livestream on YouTube: https://youtu.be/7Eqhd34ytoc

Birthday Livestream: the Last 5 years & the Future

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the history of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: If you were transported back in time to say, the time of Aristotle, what would you do? What would you pursue in terms of career/research? - Why are Aristotle, Plato and Socrates the names most people think of when thinking about ancient society and science? - Almost all of these philosophers were also physicists. - How did ancient thinkers like Democritus come up with early ideas about atoms and matter? - Do you think letters or published books/essays are more useful for studying history? - What about things like newspapers, but particularly pamphlets and journals that are lost or completely undervalued for not being books, even though people at the time would have considered them essential? - Would you run off and not drink the poison if you were Socrates? - Do you think it's still possible to be a polymath today like da Vinci? - ​​I found a place that still produces those postcards you play on a record player. Do you think that would be a good way of storing things like a password or crypto, especially utilizing steganography? - If humanity completely falls back to the storage level of knowledge, would we be able to grow our knowledge back fast enough to decipher old SSDs before they decay, or would that be another Alexandria?

History of Science & Technology Q&A (October 16, 2024)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the history of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: Were there any ancient travel bloggers (or the ancient equivalent) who wrote about other places they visited? - Did ancient civilizations like Rome or Egypt actually communicate with each other? - How did they know about each other? - How influential was Babylonian science on Greek natural philosophy? - How did people know how to tell time before clocks? - Did scientists back in the day have rivals or "frenemies" like we see in movies?​​ Did ancient people have the equivalent of church bells to mark the time in cities? - Were there any ancient or medieval "tech hacks" that we'd still find useful today? - Why do you think the ancient Greeks had a fondness for abstract levels of thought? - Is there an aspect of culture that enables this? - How did people figure out that the Earth is round?

History of Science & Technology Q&A (November 6, 2024)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the future of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: How would you think about approaching science in the future? Should we accept AI's role in future science or still pursue science without the help of AI? - What do you think the future of software development will be in the next decade or so? I hear very conflicting POVs from friends. - Thoughts on LLM use in academic writing (including student theses and dissertations)? - How many new languages do we see a year these days? It wasn't long ago when I was hearing about new languages every now and then... - ​​I'm using an LLM to help me through a book on thermodynamics right now. Nice to just throw misunderstandings at it. - LLMs can learn languages in a few hours. How would you think about making humans able to learn as fast? - ​Hypothetically speaking, if an AI system has access to all the images, cameras of the world, can it think through images, videos as if there is no language? Can it surpass human intelligence like that? - Interestingly, current AI models are very good at creating natural images of people, but it totally fails for electronic circuits. - How would you think about copyright, trademarks and other intellectual properties in the age of AI? - How do we know this is actually Stephen Wolfram? It could just be another Oracle trained in long answers.

Future of Science and Technology Q&A (January 17, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the history of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: How would Stephen Wolfram think about "the new world"? Would you have been surprised by the "discovery" of North and South America, or is that something that would have been supported by science? - How would you think about "Are we alone in the universe?" How has this been addressed in history? - ​​How would you think about speculating on the history of hitchhiking, going back to ancient Rome or even the earliest cities? I would assume it would be things like ox-drawn carts, not expensive horses. - What do you know about colors and how we represent them in computing? - What do you think about the Library of Babel? Do you think that all that could ever have been written has already been written in that library and we just have to find it? - Can you tell us about the history of your father? - How far back can you trace your family history? - Have you ever done one of those DNA tests to map your genetic history? - Can you tell us about the history of your mother? - Did your parents encourage your interest in physics? Or were they hoping you would pursue a different field? - My experience with people in elite philosophy programs is that they're often terrifyingly sharp. Was that your experience as well? - ​​Isn't the word for tungsten in German, Wolfram? - Wow, he grew up splitting time between England and Germany during the prewar years. Did he ever write about his perspective on the war?

History of Science & Technology Q&A (January 22, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the future of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: Do you imagine humanity exploring "inner space" (i.e. virtual worlds ) more than "outer space"? - Could the spin of electrons lead to a communications system? - How would we evolve to live in space? Would we even evolve, without going into space? - Why is it you always wear the same checked shirt with the right-side collar slightly flattened...almost AI-like... - Do you think that the rules of human biology are computationally reducible, so that we eventually will be able to understand the aging of our cells? - The latest LLMs are doing very advanced mathematics. Do you think we can get AI to the point that it is solving open problems and creating new mathematics? - What is the next step for LLMs to advance? - Do a conversation with Joscha Bach please—it'll be amazing! - Have any of these LLM agents been trained on NKS? - Thoughts on this new "external reasoning" paradigm or more generally, reinforcement learning + LLMs? - How many years away do you think we are from grey goo (self-replicating nanomachines), if ever? - Are people considering (re-)training LLMs completely on scientific high-quality peer-reviewed papers?

Future of Science and Technology Q&A (January 31, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the history of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: - Can you talk about the history of pi? - "Pi day of the century." - Is pi still being researched today? Or is it a solidified concept? - Was there always a connection between "pi" and "pie"? - Can pi be used for data compression? - Is the only reason pi shows up more than tau because we USE pi more often? - If we used tau, it would have been 24/tau^2 instead of 6/pi^2, right? ​- How was your experience with slide rules? Did Leibniz or Newton use tools like a slide rule? - My 8th-grade (1983-ish) teacher didn't allow calculators, but he let me use my slide rule. ​​- Would you rather be stuck with just a slide rule or just an abacus? - What is your favorite "artifact from the past" that you own... any interesting stories? - What's your favorite artifact from the future? - Many key ideas in computer science existed before we had the hardware to implement them (Turing's computer, neural networks in the 1940s). What ideas today do you think are ahead of their time in the same way? - Technology has progressed at an incredible rate during the last two centuries. That seems quite unusual relative to other periods in history. Are we bound to enter a new era of stagnation or regression? Or can we just keep going? - How would you think about cellular automata if you were born in, say, ancient Greece/Rome or Egypt? Or even the 1800s? - ​​Is there a history of people discovering the concept of the ruliad and thinking about it from a different perspective (mathematical, scientific, religious or otherwise)? - I would be interested in hearing about the bug of Alan Turing. - It seems like our definitions of "science" and "technology" have evolved over the years. Are they historically the same thing?

History of Science & Technology Q&A (February 19, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about business, innovation, and managing life as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-business-qa

Questions include: Physicists that "could code" used to be the hot commodity; is it helpful now? Seems like CS/ML people are more in demand than physicists now—why? - ​​I find that building simple frameworks in software GREATLY helps understanding of the underlying material. Mathematics especially, but I don't think it's limited to hard sciences. - I kind of doubt my trying to self-teach cryptanalysis is going to be very transferrable. - Would you consider "science communicator" a career? What skills would be most important? - How would you think about approaching school in the age of AI and LLMS? Should I, as a university student, embrace AI and LLMs? Or should I avoid them to eliminate risks of being too dependent on technology? - I did specialized things for the government and just got laid off. There are no similar jobs in the public sector. How can/should I pivot? - Is it better to stay at one job and "move up the ladder" over decades like our parents did or adopt this trend of staying at a company for no more than three years before salary-shopping elsewhere? - ​​Do you see any solution to the "iron law of oligarchy" on the scale of generations? - Interesting point; so how do we break the mold? I'm northeast England, a deprived region—any advice to get my children (15F, 20F) to realize their potential? - What about economic barriers to "success" and fields where someone can be successful needing expensive education? - What would you say to someone who could change the world but who lacks any resources or academic backing, so nobody wants to help?

Business, Innovation and Managing Life (February 26, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the history of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: What is the history of game theory? What are some successful and less successful applications of this theory? Can you speak about John Nash's work? Did that have any influence on your automata work? - ​​I wonder if that code by Nash exists anywhere? It would be interesting to read. - Do you view the world as being governed by randomness or order? - Would you ever write a book intended to explain the history of the ruliad/Physics Project? - Have you studied the history of cognitive neurological abilities of scientists throughout the ages, things like long-term memory, imagination, creativity...? - Do scientists invent tools first and then look for a problem to use them on, or do they find a problem first and then invent the tool to crack it? - What is your favorite "age" of science? - How did early mechanical computers like the Babbage Engine influence modern computing? - Do you think Ada would have had more success in science and math today than she did when she was alive? - Would you say you research more of the history of people or history of their projects/research? Which do you find more useful?

History of Science & Technology Q&A (March 5, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the future of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

Questions include: What, exactly, is an "AI agent"? "Agentic"? It seems like nobody knows what those words actually mean today. - Can you tell us about the future of media/information consumption? Will we become a society of "AI summaries" as our main form of information gathering? - Before AI summaries, there were encyclopedias and textbooks and CliffsNotes and such, and while they were useful and convenient, they never became de facto. - When will we get the first AI/robot news reporter? I see these being useful in cases of dangerous live broadcasting like hurricanes, to keep people up to date. - How far are we from LLMs generating a Stephen Wolfram–style long-form post, with similar elucidations, based on a short prompt of the key insight or topic? - When you say the teaching is delegated to the machine, are you saying that the machine is telling the student what to think about instead of just answering questions? - Can a sentient AI "understand" how humans learn? If we would delegate to them the teaching of human kids, would that be compatible with a biological point of view? - Have you ever considered entering the robotics space? A Wolfram Robotics, so to speak? - But if people delegate all calculations to the machines, then might it not happen that the machine actually learns to ask better questions than the humans can, since the machines have the experience built from the calculations and the humans don't? - What will AI not be able to do? Do you believe that something like that exists? - Tiny humans care about those questions about clouds and trees. - Robotic trade shows sound interesting. The company Boston Dynamics shows a lot of progress in the humanoid department. - Anything to say about the future of pi? (Happy Pi Day!) - ​​Do you expect LLM development to hit significant diminishing returns within the next 2–3 years? - Automated theorem proving is so interesting. I'm trying to figure out how to make a theorem prover that demonstrably collapses a/the wavefunction. Like Stephen said; quantum LLMs.

Future of Science and Technology Q&A (March 14, 2025)

Stephen Wolfram is the creator of Mathematica, Wolfram|Alpha and the Wolfram Language; the author of A New Kind of Science; and the founder and CEO of Wolfram Research. Over the course of nearly four decades, he has been a pioneer in the development and application of computational thinking—and has been responsible for many discoveries, inventions and innovations in science, technology and business.

On his podcast, Stephen discusses topics ranging from the history of science to the future of civilization and ethics of AI.

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