In the United Kingdom china clay deposits that were found to be of a finer quality than elsewhere in Europe were discovered in Cornwall in the middle of the 18th century; their exploitation created the United Kingdom’s china clay industry. Its development in the 19th century was economically most important to Cornwall, since its growth took place at a time when the industry upon which Cornwall had previously depended for employment and wealth creation, tin mining, was being forced into decline by foreign competition. Changes in the papermaking industry and its expansion in the second half of the 19th century created a new and growing market for china clay.

The processes of extracting, refining, and drying china clay remain in essence the same as they were in the 19th century, although the application of technology has transferred to machines much of the work done by manual labor in the early days, improved the purity of the final product, and made it possible to extract other minerals that formerly went to waste. Even so, waste remains a formidable problem for the group; despite the use of sand and the application of much research, the production of one ton of clay still creates seven tons of waste. The first process is the pit operation, which involves exposing china clay deposits by removing the overburden. Some deposits may be as close to the surface as three feet while others may be hundreds of feet below ground. Hydraulic mining, by firing water jets from a cannon at the clay deposits, frees the deposits and creates a slurry which also contains sand and mica. The slurry is then pumped out and the coarser sand removed before the refining process takes place. This process takes out unwanted minerals such as quartz, mica, and feldspar. Geologically, china clay is formed in granite rocks by the decomposition of feldspar. At this stage chemical bleaching to remove the stains in the clay caused by mineral salts, particularly iron oxide, can add value to the final product, a technological advance not available until after World War II. ECC operates six refining plants in Devon and Cornwall that take clay from a number of pits and mix it in the quantities required for finished products of varying characteristics. The final drying process, which today usually takes place in natural gas-fired driers, was originally done in coal-fired kilns and even, at some pits, wind and sun dried.

Purveyor of exhilirating audio and mediocre theory

𝕋ℍ𝕀𝕊 𝕆ℕ𝔼'𝕊 𝔻𝔼𝕊𝕀𝔾ℕ𝔼𝔻 𝕋𝕆 𝕆ℙ𝔼ℕ 𝕐𝕆𝕌ℝ 𝕄𝕀ℕ𝔻 !
> I don't own any rights to any music: I just love to mix & enjoy!
> If you have any questions or comments regarding ANYTHING please don't hesitate to ask!

> Contact me through e-mail: wolffy_official@outlook.com
Or follow me on Instagram: @wolffy_gabba

♥ Thank you for listening & supporting ♥

Follow me for live streams on Twitch https://www.twitch.tv/historyofhappyhardcore

Oi Oi I’m Ryan (HDSN). Welcome to my page. 

Here’s a little bio. 

I bought my first set of turntables at the age of 14 when I was already collecting Happy Hardcore records. DJing was one of those things that just come naturally to me. My friends were always over at my house for mixing sessions. At 16 I started playing alongside my brother and friends every fortnight at a local bar for an under 18’s night playing Happy Hardcore. Two years later, out of a thousand entrants my mix tape came top five in the ‘Ministry Of Sound DJ Of The Year’. I played a live vinyl set in Topshop situated in London’s Oxford Street, on a busy Saturday afternoon. I continued entering DJ competitions and talent nights along with a mid-week slot at a local bar. At 20, I was given full weekend residency at my local nightclub Steam, playing Old-Skool, House and Trance. In the next two years I reached the final of the ‘Young DJ Of The Year’ competitions, which were run by the Staffordshire & Cheshire’s number one radio station, Signal 1. I came out as overall winner of the competition in 2002. My prize was my first ever pair of Technics 1210’s (which I still use), mixer, flight cases and the opportunity to play a live set at Café Mambo in Ibiza. The win also landed me a set at the opening night of the Stoke club, Lomax, for the ‘Youth Upfront Awards’. I then tried to further my career by signing onto the internet DJ agencies, 'Topjox' and 'Club Dreams', sending out demos to gain recognition. In the early summer of 2004 I decide to try my luck by booking a one way ticket to Ibiza for the season. It was tough at first, but by the end of July I had a residency at the brilliant Plastik Lounge in San Antonio. After a few weeks playing with some of San An’s finest house DJ’s, I was given the chance to warm up the decks in Es Paradis funky lounge. But best of all, after weeks of trying, Alex Ellenger, who with Judge Jules ran the funky room in Eden, give me the finest two hours of my DJ career by asking me to play a set. The next year I returned to Ibiza and became one of the residents in the swanky new Hush bar in San Antonio's west end. When I came back to England I started my own night in a local bar. I then became one of the Tech-House/Hard House residents for my brother's local club night ‘Euphonic Fuzion’. 

Even though I enjoy playing many styles of dance music, I've never lost my passion for Happy Hardcore. It will forever be the biggest part of me musically and that's why I created this page. To share the love for this incredible music. 

I seriously didn’t expect quite the following on here but you guys have been absolutely amazing and I genuinely appreciate all your support, whether it be messages, comments, likes & shares. Thank you so much! 

I play Happy Hardcore, Jungle/Drum & Bass, Trance, Hard House, House, Electro & Techno and have since 1994. Expect lots of vinyl classic mixes, live sets on Twitch, mix compilations and upfront sets from these genres. Enjoy!!! 

All my mixes and ones which I have permission are available for download.

For future bookings please inbox me for details or via Facebook messenger.

ATTENTION: All my tunes are now here: youtube.com/@DaftLimmy

The label was established in 2018 as a means to release the back catalogue of renowned Jungle Techno label Underdog Recordings, which ran from 1993-1995. It quickly expanded from beyond the original goal and now reissues sought after, rare and classic records from the Jungle, Rave, Bleep House, Techno and Jungle Techno genres.

The Vinyl Fanatiks aim is to track down and work with the original artists from the early 1990’s, to reissue their music on vinyl only, and to support the record hunters and vinyl diggers from around the world with quality pressings and superb mastering; a way to show respect and share the story of those that created these incredible records.

The vision is not to focus on the obvious artists of that time but to dig a little deeper and find those that came and went but their legacy still holds true to this day. Some of these producers only released one record and vanished soon after but their music still resonates into the 21st century, accumulating new audiences across the globe, far beyond the catchment of the UK pirate radios and muddy fields of 25 years ago. What happened to these artists? Its Vinyl Fanatik’s mission to find out!

Each record captures a moment in time, a vibe that was true and innocent from a period when music was far more synonymous with rebellion and anarchy than today’s finely polished productions and conformist club pop. This music itself bred on the outskirts of society, fuelled by the passion of the rave, its lineage stemming from the Acid House era of 1988. Often produced on minimal equipment, with minimal skills and knowledge, its audio blueprint transcends to new generations, a rawness that no expensive audio plug in could ever create in this present day.

Vinyl Fanatiks wants to pay homage to these young producers who forged the foundations of the multi-million pound EDM scene we have now. Each of these artists has their own tale to tell, their own memories to share. Limited by their own geographical status within the UK, they somehow still all managed to connect and influence each other, years before the internet, mobile phones and social media that we have today. But the music knew no limits and had no boundaries, transcending generations to this day.

Bringing The Experience Back To Music

Underground music producer since 2006
get my digital tracks
https://teknos23.bandcamp.com/
https://www.youtube.com/@Teknos23sound

Hardcore, Electro, Techno, Oldschool and anything in between!

Amsterdam based DJs, events company and record label. - support@dekmantel.com for all your webshop and label enquiries.

Tom is following