As described in a recent article (https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/scientists-reverse-engineer-mrna-sequence-of-moderna-vaccine-68640), scientists have reverse engineered two mRNA vaccines and reported part of the genetic sequence. Here we use a simple sonification algorithm, assigning a pitch to each of the 4 genetic "letters", and realize a sonification of the two vaccine sequences. 

Notably, the two vaccine sequences are played on the left (Pfizer/BioNTech) and right (Moderna) audio channel, revealing a direct sonic, audible comparison between their mRNA sequences. 

This simple experiments allows us to experience part of the original mRNA design underlying the vaccines, and experience their differences vis-a-vis similarities via stereo effects that progress along the sequence. 

Note: This sonification is solely for illustration purposes and will not in any way work as a medicine and/or vaccine. 

[1] GitHub, original work of extracting the mRNA sequences by Jeong, Shoura, et al., 2021: https://github.com/NAalytics/Assemblies-of-putative-SARS-CoV2-spike-encoding-mRNA-sequences-for-vaccines-BNT-162b2-and-mRNA-1273/blob/main/Assemblies%20of%20putative%20SARS-CoV2-spike-encoding%20mRNA%20sequences%20for%20vaccines%20BNT-162b2%20and%20mRNA-1273.docx.pdf

mRNA Music: Differential Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Vaccine Sonification

Molecular structures are translated into a multi-instrument score, focused on the nuclocapsid spike in SARS-CoV-2 interacting with an antibody molecule. The complex piece, resembling the entanglement of three protein chains, is analyzed and a series of musical fragments are extracted (parts I, II, III, IV and V). The parts build on each other and are organized in increasing complexity, I being the simplest and V being the most complex version.

N Spike Antibody Fragment V

The construction of biological matter, and life itself, features striking similarities with musical creativity. In my research, I have explored these relationships with a combination of biology, chemistry, as well as mathematical and music theoretical tools. 

Listen here how dinoflagellate (a single-celled organism with two flagella, occurring in large numbers in marine plankton and also found in fresh water)  induce hierarchical vibrations translated to musical form.

Superfluous Dreams (Violin Adagio) - Part V

Superfluous Dreams (Violin Adagio) - Part VIIII

Swamp Variations: Emergence, Evolution, Division, Spring, Retreat 

Part of a series of 5 parts: This is Evolution.

Ambient version (reduced orchestration, focus on piano and flute, string instruments)

Swamp Variations - Part II - Evolution (((AMBIENT SPACE VERSION )))

Protein resonances inspire a minimalist evolution of ideas across the resonances of piano and solo strings. The structure evolves slowly as the motion of jellyfish, a natural hydrogel, in water. Ethereal resonance.

The series of short pieces is based upon this musical reflection of infection, inverting the original molecular attachment: https://soundcloud.com/user-275864738/coronavirus-spike-protein-bound-to-ace2

Piano And Cello (VI)

Ethereal Resonance: Protein Inspiration - VI (PIano and Cello)

Swamp Variations: Emergence, Evolution, Division, Spring, Retreat 

Part of a series of 5 parts: This is Division.

Swamp Variations - Part III - Division

Protein resonances inspire a minimalist evolution of ideas across the resonances of piano and solo strings. The structure evolves slowly as the motion of jellyfish, a natural hydrogel, in water. Ethereal resonance.

Piano And Cello (VIIII)

Ethereal Resonance: Protein Inspiration - VIIII (PIano and Cello)

A musical experiment with proteins, coyote, bells, guitar, and a rooster. This is an audible journey through a variety of natural sources of sound, invoking various forms of life, materials, as well as electronic synthesis methods.

Typically, sound is made from vibrating a material, like a guitar string, and music is made by arranging sounds in hierarchical patterns. Here we explore a variety of modes of sound generation - from string vibrations (guitar), to protein vibrations (molecular music), to animals (coyote and rooster), to bells, and a few other unusual sources. In one sweep, our ears pick up all of the features a complex hierarchical system: pitch, timbre, volume, melody, rhythm, and chords.

Music, as a universal language, connects people across the world. More so, it allows us to explore the physical features of matter - both living systems and inanimate - in their ability to generate sound through energetic excitation. Hence, it is a model of our shared humanity. And we can cross scales and species, as done in this piece, where we visualize distinct organisms like animals, materials, and humans interacting in a sort of virtual jam, in musical space.

Energy Equilibrium: Proteins, Coyote, Bells, Guitar, and a Rooster (((Ambient Version)))

Ethereal Resonance: Protein Inspiration - VII(PIano and Cello)

Ethereal Resonance: Protein Inspiration - I (PIano and Cello)

Markus J. Buehler is the McAfee Professor of Engineering at MIT, and a composer of experimental, classical and electronic music, with an interest in sonification. Using an approach termed "materiomusic", his artistic work explores the creation of new forms of musical expression - such as those derived from biological materials and living systems - as a means to better understand the underlying science and mathematics. One of his goals is to use musical and sound design as a novel and abstract way to model, optimize and create new forms of matter from the bottom up, and to assess cross-system design relationships. He is also interested in research to explore relationships between classical music, mathematics, and the physical and biological sciences, an in the mapping of models of consciousness across systems. In recent work he has developed a new framework to compose music based on proteins – the basic molecules of all life, as well as other physical phenomena such as fracturing, to explore similarities and differences across species, scales and between philosophical and physical models. 

Contact: mbuehler@MIT.EDU

mRNA Music: Differential Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Vaccine Sonification

Markus J. Buehler

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