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Pessimism

Is the glass half empty or half full? The pessimist would pick half empty, while the optimist would choose half full. 
Pessimism, from the Latin a state of mind in which one perceives life negatively. Value judgments may vary dramatically between individuals, even when judgments of fact are undisputed. The most common example of this phenomenon is the "Is the glass half empty or half full?" situation. The degree in which situations like these are evaluated as something good or something bad can be described in terms of one's optimism or pessimism respectively. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of thinking.

Philosophical pessimism is the similar but not identical idea that life has a negative value, or that this world is as bad as it could possibly be. It has also been noted by many philosophers that pessimism is not a disposition as the term commonly connotes. Instead, it is a cogent philosophy that directly challenges the notion of progress and what may be considered the faith-based claims of optimism.

Arthur Schopenhauer 
Arthur Schopenhauer's pessimism comes from his elevating of Will above reason as the mainspring of human thought and behavior. Schopenhauer pointed to motivators such as hunger, sexuality, the need to care for children, and the need for shelter and personal security as the real sources of human motivation. Reason, compared to these factors, is mere window-dressing for human thoughts; it is the clothes our naked hungers put on when they go out in public. Schopenhauer sees reason as weak and insignificant compared to Will; in one metaphor, Schopenhauer compares the human intellect to a lame man who can see, but who rides on the shoulder of the blind giant of Will.

Likening human life to the life of other animals, he saw the reproductive cycle as indeed a cyclical process that continues pointlessly and indefinitely, unless the chain is broken by too limited resources to make continued life possible, in which case it is terminated by extinction. The prognosis of either pointlessly continuing the cycle of life or facing extinction is one major leg of Schopenhauer's pessimism.

Schopenhauer moreover considers the desires of the will to entail suffering: because these selfish desires create constant conflict in the world. The business of biological life is a war of all against all. Reason only compounds our suffering by allowing us to realize that biology's agenda is not something we would have chosen had we been given a choice, but it is ultimately helpless to prevent us from serving it or to free us from the sting of its goad.

Types

Moral 
Narratives of decline can be identified in morality: Friedrich Nietzsche's amorality, Freud’s description of co-operation as sublimation, Stanley Milgram shock experiments, the continued presence of war and genocide despite global interconnectedness, and the perceived exploitation of market fundamentalism or statism.

Intellectual 
In ~400 BCE, pre-socratic philosopher Gorgias argued in a lost work, On Nature or the Non-Existent:

Nothing exists; 
Even if something exists, nothing can be known about it; and 
Even if something can be known about it, knowledge about it can't be communicated to others. 
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743–1819), characterized rationalism, and in particular Immanuel Kant's "critical" philosophy in order to carry out a reductio ad absurdum according to which all rationalism (philosophy as criticism) reduces to nihilism, and thus it should be avoided and replaced with a return to some type of faith and revelation.

Richard Rorty, Kierkegaard, and Wittgenstein challenge the sense of questioning whether our particular concepts are related to the world in an appropriate way, whether we can justify our ways of describing the world as compared with other ways. In general, these philosophers argue that truth was not about getting it right or representing reality, but was part of a social practice and language was what served our purposes in a particular time; to this end Poststructuralism rejects any definitions that claim to have discovered absolute 'truths' or facts about the world.

Political 
It is not a trait of any political party to be pessimistic in and of itself. Conservative thinkers, especially social conservatives, often perceive politics in a generally pessimistic way. William F. Buckley famously remarked that he was "standing athwart history yelling 'stop!'" and Whittaker Chambers was convinced that capitalism was bound to fall to communism, though he was himself violently anti-communist. Social conservatives often see the West as a decadent and nihilistic civilization which has abandoned its roots in Christianity and/or Greek philosophy, leaving it doomed to fall into moral and political decay. Robert Bork's Slouching Toward Gommorah and Allan Bloom's The Closing of the American Mind are famous expressions of this point of view.

Many economic conservatives and right-libertarians believe that the expansion of the state and the role of government in society is inevitable, and they are at best fighting a holding action against it. They hold that the natural tendency of people is to be ruled and that freedom is an exceptional state of affairs which is now being abandoned in favor of social and economic security provided by the welfare state. Political pessimism has sometimes found expression in dystopian novels such as George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four.[3] Political pessimism about one's country often correlates with a desire to emigrate.

Environmental

Some environmentalists believe that the ecology of the Earth has already been irretrievably damaged, and even an unrealistic shift in politics would not be enough to save it. According to this view, the mere existence of billions of humans overstresses the ecology of the planet, eventually leading to a Malthusian collapse. The collapse will reduce the ability of Earth to support large numbers of humans for a long time into the future.

Cultural

Cultural pessimists feel the Golden Age is in the past, and the current generation is fit only for dumbing down and cultural careerism. Intellectuals like Oliver James correlate economic progress with economic inequality, the stimulation of artificial needs, and affluenza. Anti-consumerists identify rising trends of conspicuous consumption and self-interested, image-conscious behaviour in culture. Post-modernists like Jean Baudrillard have even argued that culture (and therefore our lives) now has no basis in reality whatsoever.

Some significant formulations have gone beyond this, proposing a universally-applicable cyclic model of history — notably in the writings of Giambattista Vico.

Legal 
Bibas writes that some criminal defense attorneys prefer to err on the side of pessimism: "Optimistic forecasts risk being proven disastrously wrong at trial, an embarrassing result that makes clients angry. On the other hand, if clients plead based on their lawyers' overly pessimistic advice, the cases do not go to trial and the clients are none the wiser."

Psychology

The study of pessimism has parallels with the study of depression. Psychologists trace pessimistic attitudes to emotional pain or even biology. Aaron Beck argues that depression is due to unrealistic negative views about the world. Beck starts treatment by engaging in conversation with clients about their negative thoughts. Pessimists, however, are often able to provide arguments that suggest that their understanding of reality is justified; as in Depressive realism or (pessimistic realism).[1] The pessimism item on the Beck Depression Inventory has been judged useful in predicting suicides. The Beck Hopelessness Scale has also been described as a measurement of pessimism.

Wender and Klein point out that pessimism can be useful in some circumstances: "If one is subject to a series of defeats, it pays to adopt a conservative game plan of sitting back and waiting and letting others take the risks. Such waiting would be fostered by a pessimistic outlook. Similarly if one is raking in the chips of life, it pays to adopt an expansive risk taking approach, and thus maximize access to scarce resources."

Criticism

Self-fulfilling prophecy 
Pessimism is sometimes understood to be a self-fulfilling prophecy; that if an individual feels that something is bad, it is more likely to get worse.

Pragmatic criticism 
Through history, some have concluded that a pessimistic attitude, although justified, must be avoided in order to endure. Optimistic attitudes are favored and of emotional consideration. Al-Ghazali and William James have rejected their pessimism after suffering psychological, or even psychosomatic illness. Criticisms of this sort however assume that pessimism leads inevitably to a mood of darkness and utter depression. Many philosophers would disagree, claiming that the term "pessimism" is being abused. The link between pessimism and nihilism is present, but the former does not necessarily lead to the latter, as philosophers such as Albert Camus believed. Happiness is not inextricably linked to optimism, nor is pessimism inextricably linked to unhappiness. One could easily imagine an unhappy optimist, and a happy pessimist. Accusations of pessimism may be used to silence legitimate criticism. The economist Nouriel Roubini was largely dismissed as a pessimist, for his dire but accurate predictions of a coming global financial crisis, in 2006. Personality Plus opines that pessimistic temperaments (e.g. melancholy and phlegmatic) can be useful inasmuch as pessimists' focus on the negative helps them spot problems that people with more optimistic temperaments (e.g. choleric and sanguine) miss.

Decay 
Nietzsche believed that the ancient Greeks created tragedy as a result of their pessimism. "Is pessimism necessarily a sign of decline, decay, degeneration, weary and weak instincts ... Is there a pessimism of strength? An intellectual predilection for the hard, gruesome, evil, problematic aspect of existence, prompted by well-being, by overflowing health, by the fullness of existence?"

Nietzsche's response to pessimism was the opposite of Schopenhauer's. "'That which bestows on everything tragic, its peculiar elevating force'" — he (Schopenhauer) says in The World as Will and Representation, Volume II, P. 495 — "'is the discovery that the world, that life, can never give real satisfaction and hence is not worthy of our affection: this constitutes the tragic spirit – it leads to resignation.' " How differently Dionysus spoke to me! How far removed I was from all this resignationism!"

Nitya Prema is the artist name of Natalia Barria (Ananda Tribe Records, Chile) It means Divine Eternal Love in Sanskrit and got this name under baptism in Ananda Marga, a spiritual group which her family follows since the 70´s   Nitya Live is a Chillout Project based on tribal, natural and organic sounds with a touch of ethnic drums and beats that anyone can dance or relax to. Hope you N*Joy and Chill...  

www.ananda-tribe.net
www.soundcloud.com/anandatriberecords

For bookings:
anandatribe@gmail.com

I am a true free spirit. Being charming, independent, energetic and compassionate. Knowing how to relax, and being perfectly capable of switching from a passionate, driven idealist in the workplace to that imaginative and enthusiastic free spirit on the dance floor, often drives my music with a suddenness that can surprise even their closest friends. 

Being in the mix also gives me a chance to connect emotionally with others through music, giving them cherished insight into what motivates myself, friends and colleagues. Everyone should take the time to recognize and express their feelings, and their empathy and sociability make that a natural conversation topic.


I spend a lot of time exploring feelings and ideas before they find something that rings true becomes a musical melody. I hope to establish a place in this world, through my imagination, empathy and courage are likely to produce incredible sounds and music that resonates with others.

Natural Strength Night is an informative, humorous, sometimes a little raucous, good-time of myth busting and honest training information from the trenches. We strive to help everyone involved with old school strength training (without steroids) to not make some common training mistakes. Along with great information, you'll hear a fair share of steroid bashing, flamingo sightings, breaking goons, iron game history, and honest drug-free training information from various leaders and strength coaches in the field to help you get real results! If your primary training information comes from reading "Muscle & Fiction" magazine we'll help get you straightened out. If you love high-intensity strength training, dinosaur style training and just like lifting heavy weights ... or loved Jack Lalanne, Sandow, Grimek, Peary Rader's Iron Man magazine, Brad Steiner's articles, Stuart McRobert's Hardgainer, Iron Nation, Osmo Kiiha's The Iron Master, you will love the show.

On The Rugged Individual, we talk about obscene subjects like: success, motivation, liberty, Americana, capitalism, Jesus, self defense, guns, sports, eating meat, testicular fortitude and whatever the host wants. Relax. Here we are still a free country. The Rugged Individual... where good people roam.

Ves is a Hip Hop and R&B producer from Fort Greene, Brooklyn, NY. Ves began playing the piano at an early age. During the era of Samplers and Analog Equipment, VES began producing for underground musicians in the late 1990s. Born and raised in Brooklyn, NY, son of Toney Hughes, Sr., lead singer of the 60’s Doo-Wop group The Tremaines. Began rapping in 1988 and started a Hip Hop duo named T.R.I.P.L.E. A.A.A. (The Right Instrumentals Plus Lyrical Excellence Attracting All Audiences) with MC Dae Hype. Leaving the mic behind, Ves focused his natural talent on music production.

 Ves' style can be defined by the acronym, V.E.S. (Various Elements of Sound). "That Bounce, Head Nod Sh*t" is his trademark sound with harmonic vocal percussion hits and "Old School" meets “New School” feel. The production company, "Sickz Buildin' Muzic", began in 1990, named after the buildings which his sound originated from, on the middle side of Fort Greene Projects, Brooklyn, NY. He began producing tracks for E & Jae aka BlacRayn (The original Jae Live bka Mr. Live and Freake Don). In 05', Bobbito Garcia release the single "Supa Dupa/Relax Y'Self" by Mr. Live. "Supa Dupa" became an underground classic. Later followed, "Placebo" featuring Tony Bones and "Splashin' over Monica".

 Ves continued to produce tracks for many of NYC's hottest underground acts, such as The Bad Seed, Apani B. Fly Emcee, O.B.S. and poets mUMs (poet on OZ) and Jasiri to name a few. His tracks have been heard on NY radio stations like Hot 97, College Radio, The B-Side with Bahamadia in Philly and more. DJ's like Evil Dee (Hot 97 and 88HipHop.com), Bobbito Garcia and Stretch Armstrong, Rich Medina and Big Dennis of Hot 97, have all spun his tracks.

 Currently, Ves is still producing, having evolved with the sound of today and still remains one of the best kept secrets in music. From Hip-Hop to R&B, Ves maintains his position as one of the good ones. More projects on deck for The Bad Seed, Face-Off (Bad Seed and Mims), Mr. Live and more, should have those ears tinglin', feet tapping and head noddin'!

Wow, good ole days. It's funny... I'm still "UNFUCKWITABLE" , just sayin'... Google "IAMVES" or "Ves Producer" and you'll hear some old material. I'll post new and old stuff here, also, so FOLLOW ME.

Born in 1981, I have studied music since 1988. After 8 years of guitar and 4 of piano, I became passionate of instrumental music. My natural dreaming personality gave me the oportunity to make instrumental, ambient music, with the sole purpose of relaxing. Now I think I can help everybody relax with my music. Of course, this is just the beginning. Hope you like it. Best wishes for everybody

Use this music to change your life!

The Ancient Masters of the East observed recurring patterns in nature, medicine, music, human affairs, and all aspects of life. They categorized these observations into the Five Phases, or Elements. Each Element holds distinctive characteristics, attributes, tendencies, strengths, and weaknesses, setting it apart from the others.

When you listen to the songs, ,you will subconsciously learn the teaching and patterns of the elements. This is not a conscious understanding, because the language is music, not thought. The teachings are all woven into the melodies, harmonies, mantras, orchestration, tension, release, transformation, and other musical elements, while maintaining the perfect tempo and timing for meditation and practice.

Use this music for meditation and stillness. Each song is five minutes: Sit in stillness for just one song each day, and you will reap the benefits of this practice.

The tempo is one beat per second: The bell rings every four seconds. Listen for the bell, when you hear it, inhale. When you hear it again, exhale. Use the bell to regulate your breath. Do not anticipate the bell. Relax and breathe

When practicing qigong, yoga, tai chi, wait for the bell to go onto your next movement. This will add an element of timing and natural rhythm to your discipline.

Jason Campbell was trained as a child in the musical arts, meditation, martial arts, yoga and qigong. He is the co-founder of Zen Wellness in Phoenix

The center is developing knowledge in maritime strategy, focusing on Israel's maritime surroundings: the Eastern Mediterranean and the Red Sea. The center does so in five core areas: (1) regional security and foreign policy, (2) the mobility of goods, people and ideas, (3) law, (4) energy (5) and the environment. 

The center was established in response to the of rising significance of the maritime domain both globally and in our region: the emerging strategic maritime competition between the United State and China, the expansion of exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and the crucial role of the seas in the international economic system both as a source of economic activity as well as serving as the world's main trade route. Our immediate environment saw a similar rise in the significance of the seas including the oil discoveries in the eastern Mediterranean, the evolution of the Israeli navy into a national strategic arm, Israel's total dependence on sea trade, and the growing realization that future development of national infrastructure may have to be done in the sea as land is becoming scarce.

LAZY HAMMOCK is well known for her infectious, warm, laid back style of Chill-Out/Down-Tempo productions and remixes, and was described as an ‘International Chill Out Expert’ in a review for the ‘Luxury Lounge Ibiza’ compilation. LAZY's music has been licensed to TV for the US Sitcom 'Life In Pieces' and the drama 'Tom Swift.' She has released 10 albums, 6 singles and 7 EP's and her tracks feature on over 3000 compilations, licensed to labels including; HED KANDI, EMI, SONY BMG, MINISTRY OF SOUND, PARKLANE RECORDINGS, DIVENTA MUSIC, ALUMINIUM RECORDS, LUXURY HOUSE RECORDINGS. She has hit the #1 spot the World Chill Lounge Charts 4 times.

LAZY HAMMOCK signed to German Label DIVENTA MUSIC, is also an established Artist, Producer, DJ, Remixer, Songwriter and Vocalist, who has appeared, recorded and co-written with artists such as; JOSE PADILLA (Cafe Del Mar), AFTERLIFE (co-wrote and vocalled 'Show You Something'  and 'Borneo Is Burning' from 'Simplicity' album - HED KANDI), MJ COLE, ASIAN DUB FOUNDATION, BIG AUDIO DYNAMITE, MICHAEL E, & UVP.

Gratitude and Love 🙏🏽❤


For UK & International Artist Bookings or Interviews contact: http://www.lazyhammock.co.uk/contact-bookings

For music licensing contact: zelonka@diventa-music.com

Hadley Clinton is following