Continuity and Transformation in Islamic Law

12 Ramadān 1442 Late Night Majlis The Land Is Inherited By My Righteous Slaves Addison.mp3

15 Ramadān 1442 Late Night Majlis The Scourge of God ESA.mp3

The the Caliph in Baghdad and the Shah in Khwarazm were busy in intrigue, excess and frivolity while desolation and destruction were in the dressing room next to the stage, ready to come into the spotlight.

Don't think it can't happen again, but also don't think it can't be prevented either...

16 Ramadan 1442 Late Night Majlis Don't Be A Hater Addison

Ce soir, sur RCI,  il nous a manqué une  fidèle  auditrice de Radio Corona. Elle n'a jamais raté une seule de nos émissions. Elle s'appelle Fatiha Briki. elle est  enseignante universitaire à la retraite et membre du CNLD. Elle a été arrêtée, dans l’après midi du 17 juin. Cette émission lui est dédiée. 
Voici le programme ya wdjouh echar : 
Rejoignez-nous au mont WaqWaq, avec Adila Bendimerad.
Restrictions vestimentaires et autres joyeusetés, avec Wiame Awres.
Rabah Kareche :  60 jours en prison, avec Khaled Drareni.
Mel Djazair ila Abidjan ou reb essa7ra, avec Raouf Farrah.
Et si on parlait de démocratie ? avec Akram Belkaïd.
El 7achma pour ceux qui sont nés avant la honte, avec Kamal Almi
De la musique étonnante, des blagues pourries, une pincée de mauvaise foi et une tonne d’amour. 
Wech rakoum labsine ?

RCI#84 du 18/06/2021 : Pour Fatiha Briki et tous les détenus d'opinion

Notions of racial difference played an important role in the Atlantic slave trade and have left a long legacy well after the slave trade was abolished during the nineteenth century. Yet centuries earlier, an Islamic scholar from Timbuktu had formulated an argument against the enslavement of individuals based on race or skin color. In this episode, Chris Gratien discusses the life and writings of Ahmad Baba in Timbuktu and Marrakesh as a captive scholar of Sultan Ahmad al-Mansour. 

Image source: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/mali/mali-exhibit.html

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Gratien, Chris. "Race, Slavery, and Islamic Law in the Early Modern Atlantic." The Journal of North African Studies, Vol. 18, No. 3 (May 2013).

Baba, Ahmad ibn Ahmad, John O. Hunwick, and Fatima Harrak. Mi`raj al-Su`ud : Ajwibat Ahmad Baba Hawla Al-Istirqaq. [al-Rabat]: al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyah, Jami`at Muhammad al-Khamis, Ma`had al-Dirasat al-Afriqiyah bi-al-Rabat, 2000.

Hunwick, John O. "A New Source for the Biography of Ahmad Baba Al-Tinbukti (1556-1627)." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 27, no. 3 (1964).

Lovejoy, Paul. "The Context of Enslavement in West Africa." In Slaves, Subjects, and Subversives : Blacks in Colonial Latin America, edited by Jane Landers and Barry Robinson, 9-38. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2006.

Mouline, Nabil. Le Califat Imaginaire D'ahmad Al-Mansur: Pouvoir Et Diplomatie Au Maroc Au Xvie Siècle. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2009.

Zouber, Mahmoud A. Ahmad Baba De Tombouctou (1556-1627) : Sa Vie Et Son Oeuvre. Paris: G.-P. Maisonneuve et Larose, 1977.

Race, Slavery, and Islamic Law in the Early Modern Atlantic World

E118 | During the nineteenth century, the increasing professionalization of medical practice led to the emergence of new institutions and laws governing legitimate use of medical knowledge. In the Ottoman Empire, the arrival of European medical schools and establishments led to tensions regarding the sovereignty of the empire over the medical realm in its own domains. This episode with Philippe Bourmaud follows the debates and conflicts over the establishment of the French medical school of Saint-Joseph in Beirut during the late Ottoman period and their meaning for own understanding of imperialism and colonialism in the Ottoman world. - See more at: http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2013/08/lebanon-medicine-education.html#sthash.SlrUMloB.dpuf

Colonialism, Sovereignty, and Medicine in Ottoman Lebanon | Philippe Bourmaud

E181 | The legal and social environments surrounding slavery and manumission during the early modern period varied from place to place and profession to profession. In this episode, Nur Sobers-Khan presents her exciting research on the lives of a particular population of slaves in Ottoman Galata during the late sixteenth century, how they were classified and documented under Ottoman law, and the terms by which they were able to achieve their freedom.

Music: İnci Çayırlı - Kıskanıyorum  ; İlhan Kızılay - Örenli Gelin

Nur Sobers-Khan completed a PhD in Ottoman History in 2012 at the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at the University Cambridge, having previous completing a BA in Oriental Studies (Arabic and Persian) at the same institution in 2006.  Her PhD dissertation, entitled, ‘Slaves without Shackles: Forced Labour and Manumission in the Galata Court Registers: 1560-1572,’ was a microhistorical study of the social and cultural context of slavery in the early modern Ottoman Empire, using a selection of legal and archival documents as well as manuscripts in Arabic, Ottoman and Persian. From 2012 to 2013, Dr. Sobers-Khan was the Iran Heritage curator for Persian manuscripts at the British Library, where she was engaged in creating a digital reference tool for the Persian manuscripts held in the BL.  She is currently working as a curator at the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar, where she is responsible for the collection of manuscripts and art of the Ottoman Empire. 

Chris Gratien is a doctoral candidate at Georgetown University researching the social and environmental history of the Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East.

Nir Shafir is a doctoral candidate at UCLA studying Ottoman intellectual history. 

See: Sobers-Khan, Nur. Slaves Without Shackles Forced Labour and Manumission in the Galata Court Registers, 1560-1572. Berlin: Klaus-Schwarz-Vlg, 2014. 

For complete bibliography and more, visit http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2014/12/slavery-istanbul-ottoman-empire.html

Slavery and Manumission in Ottoman Galata | Nur Sobers-Khan

E197 | This podcast explores murky boundaries in two senses. The first has to do with Anglo-Ottoman commerce and diplomacy in the early modern period. Like the more well-known case of the the British East India Company in South Asia, British diplomatic representation in Constantinople was also controlled by a corporate entity. Known as the Levant Company, the institution ensured that from the late 16th to the early 19th century there was little distinction between merchants and statesmen when it came to British diplomacy in the Ottoman Empire. The blurred lines gave way to what might be called a “cycle of necessity,” in which British diplomats gave gifts to secure commercial privileges for British merchants who would then fund the diplomats to provide gifts again. Yet the cycle did not always proceed smoothly, and discrepancies between translations of agreements often played a key role in hitches, in the process raising basic yet profound questions about what treaty-making meant. The second part of the podcast considers Ottoman maritime space and legal order more broadly. With respect to this theme, murkiness makes another appearance, this time as it related to the ability to possess or control the sea. What did it mean to draw a line across the waves, to differentiate between su and derya? Particularly in an age of imprecise mapmaking technologies, these efforts at delineation often were accompanied by a good deal of ambiguity, pointing to the complexity - if not always plurality - of legal cultures and claims to sovereignty that existed in the Ottoman maritime space and, indeed, that extended even ashore the Well-Protected Domains as well.

More at: http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2015/08/british-ottoman-diplomacy-and-making-of.html

Dr. Michael Talbot completed his PhD at the School of African and Oriental Studies in London. He is currently a post-doctoral researcher with the Mediterranean Reconfigurations project at Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne.

Episode No. 197
Release Date: 22 August 2015
Location: Paris, France
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Bibliography courtesy of Michael Talbot
Image via http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O916899/a-british-official-probably-the-watercolour-anonymous-greek-artist/

British-Ottoman Diplomacy and the Making of Maritime Law | Michael Talbot

E199 | Within the historiography, major shifts and developments in schools of thought and legal interpretation have dominated the narrative of how Islamic law has spread and transformed across time. However, as our guest Guy Burak argues in his new monograph, The Second Formation of Islamic Law, structural changes in the relationship between state, society, and law are also an important part of this story. In this episode, Dr. Burak explains how law transformed under post-Mongol Islamicate empires such as the Ottomans through changes in the ways these states claimed legal authority.

Guy Burak is the Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies Librarian at NYU's Elmer Holmes Bobst Library.

For "The Second Formation of Islamic Law", see: http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/history/middle-east-history/second-formation-islamic-law-hanafi-school-early-modern-ottoman-empire?format=HB

Release date: 4 September 2015
Location: RCAC, Istanbul
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Bibliography courtesy of Guy Burak
Music excerpts via archive.org and Free Music Archive: Murat Kenarinda (Egin Havasi) - Agyazar Efendi; Karaköy Balık Pazarı (Chris Gratien); Muzaffer Akgun - Ha Bu Diyar; Podington Bear

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Guy Burak, The Second Formation of Islamic Law: The Hanafi School in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015).

Richard C. Repp, The Müfti of Istanbul: A Study in the Development of the Ottoman Learned Hierarchy (London: Ithaca Press, 1986).

Abdurrahman Atcil, “The Formation of the Ottoman Learned Class and Legal Scholarship (1300–1600)” (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2010).

Colin Imber, Ebuʾs-Suʿud: The Islamic Legal Tradition (Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press , 1997 ) ;

Rudolph Peters, “What Does It Mean to Be an Official Madhhab? Hanafism and the

Ottoman Empire,” in The Islamic School of Law: Evolution, Devolution, and Progress, ed. Peri Baerman , Rudolph Peters , and Frank E. Vogel (Cambridge, MA: Islamic Legal Studies Program, Harvard Law School, distributed by Harvard University Press, 2005), 147–58

Snjezana Buzov, “The Lawgiver and His Lawmakers: The Role of Legal Discourse in the Change of Ottoman Imperial Culture” (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2005);

Haim Gerber, State, Society, and Law in Islam: Ottoman Law in Comparative Perspective ( Albany : State University of New York , 1994 ) .

Martha Mundy and Richard Saumarez-Smith, Governing Property, Making the Modern State: Law, Administration, and Production in Ottoman Syria (London: I. B. Tauris, 2007), esp. chs. 2-3.

Judith E. Tucker, In the House of the Law: Gender and Islamic Law in Ottoman Syria and Palestine (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998).

The Second Formation of Islamic Law | Guy Burak

E212 | Much of the scholarship on the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence, which had its roots in the sociopolitical context of the 8th century Iraq, focuses on the early centuries of that school's development. Meanwhile, recent scholarship on the later periods emphasizes the transformations within the Hanafi jurisprudence in the early modern and modern periods, particularly as a result of the increasing role of the Ottoman state in the process of lawmaking. Dr. Samy Ayoub presents a different approach on Ottoman Hanafi jurists, who maintained the integrity of the legal discourse while recognizing the needs of the times. In this episode, Dr. Ayoub shares some of his reseach on the question of continuity and change under the self-desctibed “late-Hanafis” from the 16th century until the making of mecelle, the first attempt at codifying Islamic law, during the late 19th century.

Samy Ayoub earned his Ph.D. in Islamic law from the School of Middle Eastern and North African Studies and the James E. Rogers College of Law at the University of Arizona. He earned a B.A. in Islamic jurisprudence from Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt, in 2006, where he received systematic instruction in Ḥanafī jurisprudence. He also received an MSc. in Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, UK, in 2008. Dr. Ayoub’s research interests cover the history of the early modern Ottoman Empire, contemporary Arab legal regimes, Muslim ethics, and the Arab renaissance (nahḍa).

http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2015/11/hanafi-law.html

CREDITS

Episode No. 212
Release date: 22 November 2015
Location: The University of Texas at Austin
Produced in collaboration with Christopher Rose at 15 Minute History. Recording credits to Michael Heidenreich (HIGH-den-ryke), Jacob Weiss, and the audio services team in Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Services at the University of Texas at Austin.
Sound samples courtesy of Chris Gratien
Image from Library of Congress: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004668145/
Bibliography courtesy of Samy Ayoub at: http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2015/11/hanafi-law.html

Late Hanafi Law in the Ottoman Empire | Samy Ayoub

E215 | Note: This podcast refers to visuals available at http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2015/12/tanzimat.html

Within Anglophone historiography, the Tanzimat period is conventionally represented as an era of centralizing reforms emanating from the imperial center that represent a trend often labeled as "modernization" or "Westernization." Less attention has been given to what these administrative changes meant in practice and how they were carried out in the different provinces of the Ottoman Empire. In this episode, Cengiz Kırlı discusses his work on various facets of the Tanzimat and its implementation, offering a preview of his new Turkish-language monograph on the "invention of corruption" in the Ottoman Empire and examining the interplay of local and imperial power during an the early Tanzimat period in the Balkans. 

Cengiz Kırlı is an associate professor at the Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History, Boğaziçi University. His research mainly focuses on mid-nineteenth century Ottoman social history.

CREDITS

Episode No. 215
Release date: 5 December 2015
Location: Boğaziçi University
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Musical excerpt Istanbul'dan Ayva Gelir Nar Gelir - Azize Tozem and Sari Recep
Additional sound excerpt Boş Araba (recorded by Chris Gratien)
Images courtesy of Cengiz Kırlı
Additional thanks to Seçil Yılmaz

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Kuehn, Thomas. Empire, Islam, and Politics of Difference Ottoman Rule in Yemen, 1849-1919. Leiden: Brill, 2011.

Kırlı, Cengiz. Yolsuzluğun icadı: 1840 Ceza kanunu, iktidar, ve bürokrasi. İstanbul: Verita, 2015.

______. “Coffeehouses: Public Opinion in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire,” in Public Islam and the Common Good, Armando Salvatore and Dale F. Eickelman, eds (Brill, 2004), 75-96.

Köksal, Yonca. Local Intermediaries and Ottoman State Centralization: A Comparison of the Tanzimat Reforms in the Provinces of Ankara and Edirne, 1839-1878. 2002.

Inalcik, Halil. “Application of the Tanzimat and Its Social Effects”, ArchivumOttomanicum 5 (1973), p. 97-127.

İslamoğlu, Huri. "Property as a Contested Domain: A Reevaluation of the Ottoman Land Code of 1858." In New Perspectives on Property and Land, edited by Roger Owen and Martin P. Bunton, 3-61. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.

Maʻoz, Moshe. Ottoman Reform in Syria and Palestine, 1840-1861; The Impact of the Tanzimat on Politics and Society. Oxford: Clarendon P., 1968.

Masters, Bruce. "The 1850 Events in Aleppo: An Aftershock of Syria's Incorporation into the Capitalist World System." International Journal of Middle East Studies 22, no. 1 (1990): 3-20.

Mundy, Martha, and Richard Saumarez Smith. Governing Property, Making the Modern State Law Administration and Production in Ottoman Syria. London: I.B. Tauris, 2007.

Petrov, Milen V. 2004. "Everyday Forms of Compliance: Subaltern Commentaries on Ottoman Reform, 1864-1868". Comparative Studies in Society and History : an International Quarterly.

The Ottoman Tanzimat in Practice | Cengiz Kırlı

E328 | The seventeenth century, contrary to popular belief, was a time of great originality and change for scholars in the Ottoman Empire and the Maghreb. In this interview, Khaled El-Rouayheb debunks the many myths of intellectual decline by showing how the intellectual production changed in tandem with major migrations across the Islamic world. We start with the influx of Kurdish and Azeri logicians into the Ottoman Empire, and the new disciplines that they brought with them. We then discuss the movement of scholars from North Africa to Egypt and the Hejaz, and how they insisted on methods of taḥqīq, or verification, rather than taqlīd, or the acceptance of knowledge based on authority alone. Finally, we touch on how the spread of Sufi orders from India and Central Asia into Arabic-speaking regions impacted the development and disputation of the concept of waḥdat al-wujūd, or the unity of being. How does this detailed research on intellectual trends change our understanding of "modernity" and the period we call the "early modern"? 

More at: http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2017/08/khaled-el-rouayheb.html

Khaled El-Rouayheb is James Richard Jewett Professor of Arabic and of Islamic Intellectual History at the Department of Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations at Harvard University. His research interests include: the intellectual and cultural history of the Arabic-Islamic world in the early-modern period (1500-1800); the history of Arabic logic; Islamic theology and philosophy. Among his publications is the book: Before Homosexuality in the Arabic-Islamic World, 1500-1800 (University of Chicago Press, 2005), translated into French (2010) and Slovenian (2012). 

Shireen Hamza is a doctoral student in the History of Science department at Harvard University. Her research focuses broadly on the history of science and medicine in the Islamicate Middle Ages, and more specifically on the history of women's health.

Abdul Latif is an MTS student at Harvard Divinity School focusing on Islamic Studies.

CREDITS
Episode No. 328
Release Date: 19 August 2017
Recording Location: Semitic Museum, Harvard University
Audio editing by Shireen Hamza
Music: Harmandali - Recep Efendi, Cemal Efendi
Bibliography courtesy of Khaled El-Rouayheb at http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2017/08/khaled-el-rouayheb.html

Intellectual Currents in Early Modern Islam | Khaled El-Rouayheb

Lives of Sahaba 67 - Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari - Sh. Dr. Yasir Qadhi Lecture By: YasirQadhi Download Link: http://bit.ly/2GolWD8 Uploaded by Zikr Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/Zikr-755786794498408

Lives of Sahaba 67 - Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari  - Sh. Dr. Yasir Qadhi

E409 | In 1827, Hussein Dey, the Ottoman governor of Algiers, hit a French consul on the nose with a fly whisk during a dispute over unpaid French debts. And as the story goes, the rest is history. France soon invaded Algeria and stayed for over 130 years. But as our guest in this episode Jennifer Sessions explains, France's decision to invade and colonize Algeria beginning in 1830 was far less arbitrary and far more intertwined with domestic French politics than lore would have it. And while the invasion was partially about political divisions in France, even as French politics transformed French colonization in Algeria became a national consensus over the course of the 19th century. In this episode, we examine the importance of the early decades of French colonialism in Algeria for understanding what followed, and we consider the legacy of French colonialism in Algeria for France and Algeria today.

More at https://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2019/04/france-algeria.html

Jennifer Sessions is Associate Professor in the Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia. Her research focuses on the history of French settler colonialism in Algeria, and she is currently writing a book about the Margueritte Insurrection of 1901.

Chris Gratien is Assistant Professor of History at University of Virginia, where he teaches classes on global environmental history and the Middle East. He is currently preparing a monograph about the environmental history of the Cilicia region of the former Ottoman Empire from the 1850s until the 1950s.

CREDITS

Episode No. 409
Release Date: 7 April 2019
Recording Location: University of Virginia
Audio editing by Chris Gratien
Music: Zé Trigueiros; Lili Labassi - Mazal Haye Mazal
Bibliography and images courtesy of Jennifer Sessions available at https://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2019/04/france-algeria.html

Race, Slavery, and Islamic Law in the Early Modern Atlantic World

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