Written: 2019
Duration: ca. 12'
Instrumentation: flute (doubling piccolo), oboe (doubling English horn), clarinet (doubling bass clarinet), and piano (pianist plays from score)
Commissioned by the Exponential Ensemble, with funding from the New York State Council on The Arts (NYSCA)
World Premiere: Exponential Ensemble, Opera America, Marc A. Scorca Hall, New York, NY, October 30, 2019

MOVEMENTS
I. Pascal’s Triangle
II. Noether’s Theorem
III. Einstein’s Daydream
IV. The Hammers of Pythagoras

PROGRAM NOTE
Relative Theory is a four-movement, ca. 12 minute work for flute (doubling piccolo), oboe (doubling English horn), clarinet (doubling bass clarinet), and piano. Each movement is inspired by a mathematician or theoretical physicist. I was inspired by a story that the commissioning ensemble, the Exponential Ensemble, told me about how much they enjoy performing programs for children that relate math to music. In a fun, yet hopefully meaningful way, the movements of my piece are designed to draw parallels between these two distinct, but interrelated worlds.

The title Relative Theory is a play on words: it loosely refers to Albert Einstein’s famous Special Theory of Relativity, but also to musical theories and theoretical principals that are used between each of the movements. All of these movements are inspired by mathematicians or theoretical physicists, and their theorems and theories inspire the music itself.

In Pascal’s Triangle, triads and intervallic content are structured so as to use binomial coefficients in musical ways. In Noether’s Theorem, the music mirrors her theorem, which states that every differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law. Einstein’s Daydream, perhaps the most fanciful movement, quotes a few themes from Beethoven, J.S. Bach and Mozart, three composers who’s music Einstein loved to play on his violin. The work ends with a movement entitled The Hammers of Pythagoras, inspired by a legendary, apocryphal but nevertheless playful tale of Pythagoras passing by a blacksmith at work one day, and discovering that musical notes could be translated into mathematical equations.

There are some fascinating programmatic relations that dictate how thematic materials are used in various movements. Albert Einstein thought very highly of Emmy Noether, a mathematician who never achieved the fame she deserved because she was female. In fact, some of her theories inspired Einstein. Therefore, some of the themes in the second movement are used in the third. Einstein and Pythagoras both figure prominently in music history, albeit for different reasons, so themes from each of these movements permeate back and forth.

Relative Theory was commissioned by the Exponential Ensemble, with funding from the New York State Council on The Arts (NYSCA).

LINKS
https://www.exponentialensemble.com/
https://www.robpaterson.com/
https://robertpaterson.com/relative-theory

EXPONENTIAL ENSEMBLE
Anna Urrey, flute
Kemp Jernigan, oboe
Pascal Archer, clarinet
Geoffrey Burleson, guest pianist

Relative Theory - III. Einstein's Daydream

Garrett Dwyer was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. His love of music started at a young age where his interest as a drummer brought him to study with his father, Gary Dwyer. 

Growing up in school, Garrett was involved in marching band, concert band, jazz band, large choir, madrigal and show choir. He became an All State Tenor during his junior year of high school. As high school was coming to an end, Garrett wondered if he could do something with his musical talents. 

Throughout his latter high school days and college years, Garrett has played in a variety of bands within the Eastern Iowa. These bands ranged in style from rock, jazz, country to symphonic,instrumental ensembles and drumlines. From this eclectic experience, he has managed to write music that provides a broad sonic landscape.
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WEBSITE BY HXSOUNDZ :
https://www.hxsoundz.eu/kopi-af-si-mars/
CONTACT EMAIL :
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Relative Theory - III. Einstein's Daydream

Robert Paterson Composer