Planetary ring systems can be found around all four of the large planets in the Solar System, though each differs wildly in its composition and density. In this episode, we will explain why ring systems form, supported by examples from both our Solar System and beyond.

Backing tracks by Chris Zabriskie are re-usable under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence. 
Chris Zabriskie's profile: https://soundcloud.com/chriszabriskie

Planetary Ring Systems

The Cosmic Microwave Background is the oldest light in the universe that we are able to detect. It is the relic radiation from the final seconds of the Big Bang, and it yields an enormous amount of information about the properties of our universe, both then and now.

Songs by Chris Zabriskie:
- SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/chriszabriskie
- Website: https://soundcloud.com/chriszabriskie

Other songs by CO.AG Music: 
- SoundCloud Link: https://soundcloud.com/co-ag
- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

Other songs from the YouTube Audio Library, licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 (reuse allowed)

The Cosmic Microwave Background

The Andromeda Galaxy is our nearest neighbouring spiral galaxy, around 2.5 million light years from Earth. At twice the size and more than double the number of stars, Andromeda represents a larger and even more mysterious galactic kingdom than our own. Today, we will be taking a journey to this galaxy.

Soundtrack by CO.AG Music: 
- SoundCloud Link: https://soundcloud.com/co-ag
- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

Journey To The Andromeda Galaxy

When did the first planets start forming in the universe? What were they like? And what about the first habitable planets? These are complex questions, with a broad range of considerations, but by studying the oldest planets of the Milky Way, today we will aim to answer those questions.

Soundtrack by CO.AG Music: 
- SoundCloud Link: https://soundcloud.com/co-ag
- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

The First Planets

The Milky Way is surrounded by more than 50 near neighbour galaxies that make up the Local Group. The two largest galaxies are us and Andromeda, but we also have an often-overlooked third large galaxy in our neighbourhood- the Triangulum Galaxy. This galaxy is like its own mini-Milky Way, containing stars, clouds, clusters, supernova remnants, and satellites. These are the checkpoints in the Triangulum Galaxy which make up our tour today.

Soundtrack by CO.AG Music: 
- SoundCloud Link: https://soundcloud.com/co-ag
- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

Tour Of The Triangulum Galaxy

Dark Matter is a theoretical form of invisible mass, which is believed to be present in galaxies, but has never been seen or detected. You've probably heard of it before, as it makes up a large part of the physics you find in textbooks. But how can something that's never been seen have so much scientific confidence? Furthermore, why can't we see dark matter to begin with? And if we can't see it, how do we know that it is really there? And if it's not there, what are the alternative ideas? These are the questions we will be aiming to answer, as we dive into the Dark Matter mystery. 

The soundtrack for this episode was made by SpaceWave - Cosmic Relaxation. You should absolutely check out his channel: 
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj3460Ylt4JEcEiW6PxCH9Q
I listen to his ambient music while I write and was keen to bring him on board. And I am pleased with the results, thank you SpaceWave!

The Dark Matter Mystery

Ever wonder what it would be like to fly all the way to the edge of space? Well in this episode, we'll be doing just that. We will embark on a tour of our universe- venturing deep into the darkness, uncovering the most jaw-dropping landmarks along the way. This is our journey to the edge of the universe.

Journey To The Edge Of The Universe

The Hubble Telescope has been our most profound window into the universe for more than 30 years. From imaging the interiors of beautiful, nearby nebulae, to revealing the secrets of the universe at large, we’ve seen glimpses of space our ancestors would’ve found hard to believe. And in today’s video, we will relive some of the telescope’s greatest successes as we recount some of Hubble’s greatest discoveries. 

Soundtrack by Scott Buckley and CO.AG Music.
Scott Buckley: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au
(SoundCloud): https://soundcloud.com/scottbuckley
CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic1823

Hubble's Greatest Discoveries

In the late 1960s, a series of anomalous, repeating radio sources began cropping up all over the Milky Way galaxy, and though initially speculated to be messages from aliens, we soon learned that they are Pulsars, a rapidly rotating neutron star emitting high volumes of radiation. In this video, we will revisit these extreme, dense objects, as the final gateway faced by matter before it collapses into a black hole. This is the insane science of neutron stars.

The background track "Monomyth: The Fall" by Scott Buckley was provided via a Creative Commons Attribution licence. Scott Buckley's website and library can be found at the following link: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au

The Insane Science of Neutron Stars

Long ago, the Earth's seven continents were assembled in a giant, sprawling supercontinent known as Pangea. You may've heard of it, but what is often less talked about is what came before Pangea. Our planet's current continental chunks have been smashing together and separating for over four billion years, and there have been more than a few "supercontinents" during that time. Those lost lands take the stage in this video, as we wind the clock back to the age of the supercontinents before Pangea.

BACKGROUND MUSIC: (In order of appearance)

- Meanwhile | Scott Buckley: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/meanwhile/
- Ambient Cave | Storyblocks
- Everyone Parts with Everything Eventually | CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/obyY4n352to?si=eY6KSlBPlWEXcRH8
- Dream a Silent Journey | Storyblocks
- Ambient Strings and Solo Cello for Meditation | Storyblocks 
- Lost in Place | Storyblocks
- Time Drift | CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tQiFbOhHBY&t
- The Disappearance | CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLjXuckODT8
- Lost at Sea | Storyblocks
- Ascension | Storyblocks

CO.AG Music's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic

Scott Buckley’s track can be found on his website – released under CC-BY 4.0. www.scottbuckley.com.au

Before Pangea: The Supercontinents

On the dark, secluded underside of our planet, we find its most alien continent, Antarctica. A frozen desert larger than Europe, lying atop a sheet containing more than 90% of the world’s ice. But buried beneath this frosty surface, lie fossils and relics from an age where Antarctica was wildly different- covered not by ice, but by forests of trees. 

Today, we will relive that story as we unravel the continent’s rich history; how it transformed from an oasis of life, into the largest desert on the planet, Antarctica. 

SOUNDTRACK:

“No One is Ready for What’s Coming” - CO.AG Music 
https://youtu.be/SzYGu7uaUu4?si=3aompjTfRKecaWzv 

“If you love me” - CO.AG Music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jq1FJ_S73tg

“This Machine Managed to Trick Time” - CO.AG Music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxQtQJ8wiyQ

“Delay Time” - CO.AG Music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JVunbxm1MI

“Frozen in Darkness, the Shadowed Halls Underscore” - StoryBlocks Media
‘Futuristic Alien Videogame Music” - StoryBlocks Media
“Frozen City, Mysterious Fantasy Orchestra” - StoryBlocks Media
“Mysterious Darkness, Reveal Fear” - StoryBlocks Media

“Incredulity” by Scott Buckley (Creative Commons 4.0 International License):
Song: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/incredulity/
Artist: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/

Antarctica: Earth's Most Alien Continent

Hi! I'm Sam, from SEA on YouTube.
On this account you can find soundtrack-only versions of my recent videos.
Hope you like what you see, thanks for stopping by!