Intro: (Chant)
Waves!
Waves!
Waves!

Verse 1:
Light waves dancing, in the night,
Transverse motion, pure delight,
Electric, magnetic, shining bright,
Feel the light, hold on tight.

Chorus:
Longitudinal waves, parallel compression
Transverse waves, perpendicular vibration
Longitudinal waves, parallel compression
Transverse waves, perpendicular vibration


Verse 2:
Sound waves moving, through the air,
Longitudinal, they’re everywhere,
Compression, rarefaction’s flair,
Feel the sound, it’s in the air.

Chorus:
Longitudinal waves, parallel compression
Transverse waves, perpendicular vibration
Longitudinal waves, parallel compression
Transverse waves, perpendicular vibration


Verse 3: 
Longitudinal waves, compressions galore
Oscillating forward, backward and more
Transverse waves, perpendicular sways
Up down vibrations, in periodic ways

Chorus:
Longitudinal waves, parallel compression
Transverse waves, perpendicular vibration
Longitudinal waves, parallel compression
Transverse waves, perpendicular vibration

Traveling Waves

Intro:
(Yeah, yeah, yeah)
Refraction
Bend that wave
Refraction
Bend that wave
(come on, come on)

Verse:
Look in that glass, the straw isn't true
Refraction has twisted the pathways askew
Light slowing down from the air to the liquid
An angular change has made it shifted

Chorus
Slowing down, toward the normal
Speeding up, away from the normal
That's what's normal 
That's what's normal 

Verse:
Light slows down in a denser scene
The index of refraction, the number so keen
Frequency unchanged, period still the same
But wavelength stretches the faster it became

Chorus
Slowing down, toward the normal
Speeding up, away from the normal
That's what's normal 
That's what's normal 

Verse:
But there's a limit to this bending craze
Critical angle marks refraction's final phase
If the refracted ray exceeds a 90 degree line
Total internal reflection will take over in time

Chorus
Slowing down, toward the normal
Speeding up, away from the normal
That's what's normal 
That's what's normal 

Refraction

Intro:
(Yeah, yeah, yeah)
Lights collide, waves divide (uh-huh)
Patterns form, side by side (oh yeah)

Verse:
Start with a coherent wave source
Constant phase difference, take its course
Slits cut out, openings for light
Let those waves diffract with all their might

Chorus:
Path length difference, what a sight (sight, sight)
Half wave, whole wave, dark and light (light, light)
Path length difference, what a sight (sight, sight)
Half wave, whole wave, dark and light (light, light)

Verse:
Picture this, light passing through,
Two small slits, a breakthrough (oh yeah)
Diffraction starts, waves bend wide,
Meeting on the other side (let’s go)

Chorus:
Path length difference, what a sight (sight, sight)
Half wave, whole wave, dark and light (light, light)
Path length difference, what a sight (sight, sight)
Half wave, whole wave, dark and light (light, light)

Verse: 
Start at zero, central bright,
Half a wave, brings dark in sight
One full wave, the next bright show,
Patterns spread, they start to glow

Chorus:
Path length difference, what a sight (sight, sight)
Half wave, whole wave, dark and light (light, light)
Path length difference, what a sight (sight, sight)
Half wave, whole wave, dark and light (light, light)

Double Slit Interference

(Bright and bold, here we go)
(Single slits, multi glow)

Verse:
Single slit diffraction, a curve of light
Waves bending through that narrow opening bright
Theta's the angle, half the central max
Complex equation to untap those facts

Pre-Chorus:
One slit, two slits, add another few,
Fringes getting brighter, changing up the view.
Intensity's rising, feel it in the air,
Angular positions, won't change there.

Chorus:
Add a slit, add a slit
Bright spots narrow, intensity fits,
Add a slit, add a slit
Angles stay the same, feel the rhythm hit.

Verse:
Multi-slit, we're movin' fast, interference grows,
Envelope curves from single slits, in the pattern shows.
Brighter lights, sharper lines, dancing in the night,
Physics magic in the air, everything's so bright.

Pre-Chorus:
One slit, two slits, add another few,
Fringes getting brighter, changing up the view.
Intensity's rising, feel it in the air,
Angular positions, won't change there.

Chorus:
Add a slit, add a slit
Bright spots narrow, intensity fits,
Add a slit, add a slit
Angles stay the same, feel the rhythm hit.

Multi Slit

Intro
(Standing, Standing, Standing, Waves)

Verse:
Traveling waves, energy flowing
From place to place, always going
But standing waves, a different story
No movement of energy, just vibrations glory

Chorus: 
open-open pipes
half the wavelength,
Open-closed pipes
one-fourth the wavelength,  
Wavelength.

Verse: 
Standing waves, in one place,
Nodes and antinodes, a static dance,
Traveling waves, they take a chance,
Moving energy, light radiance

Chorus: 
open-open pipes, pipes
half the wavelength,
Open-closed pipes, pipes
one-fourth the wavelength,  
Wavelength.

Verse: 
Antinodes of motion, maximum swing
Constructive peaks where the waves sing
But nodes are silent, no oscillation
Destructive interference, a wave's negation

Chorus: 
open-open pipes, pipes
half the wavelength,
Open-closed pipes, pipes
one-fourth the wavelength,  
Wavelength.

Verse:
Sound waves inside, they vibrate,
Longitudinal, they create,
Open-open, wavelength divide by two,
Open-closed, divide by four, it's true.

Chorus: 
open-open pipes, pipes
half the wavelength,
Open-closed pipes, pipes
one-fourth the wavelength,  
Wavelength.

Standing Waves

Intro:
(That damn Damping, Damp Damp Damping.)

Verse:
Vibrations swinging, back and forth ringing
But over time, their might is waning
A force resists, the motion persists
Yet amplitudes lower, energy dismissed

Chorus:
That damn Damping, amplitude decreases with time,
That damn Damping
A resistive force making rhythms decline.
That damn Damping

Verse 2
Light damping’s smooth, it’s an exponential fall,
Slowly sinking down, but we still have it all.
Heavy damping lingers, takes its sweet time,
No oscillations, just a long decline.

Pre-Chorus
Critical damping, quick and clean,
Returns to rest, like a dream.
Periodic force, keep the beat alive,
Driving frequency, let’s thrive!

Chorus:
That damn Damping, amplitude decreases with time,
That damn Damping
A resistive force making rhythms decline.
That damn Damping


Bridge
Driving frequency meets the natural tone,
Amplitudes rising, we’re in the zone.
Resonance builds, but watch the sway,
Too much vibration, could ruin the day.

Pre-Chorus
Height and shape of the resonance curve,
Change with damping, feel it swerve.
Amplitude drops, frequency lower shifts,
Damping’s in control, giving us fits.

Chorus:
That damn Damping, amplitude decreases with time,
That damn Damping
A resistive force making rhythms decline.
That damn Damping

Outro
(Upbeat synth melody fades)
Damping’s done, but the beat remains,
Feel the rhythm in your veins.
Oscillations slow, but we still groove,
Damping’s part of our every move.

Damping

Intro:
(Here it comes)
(There it goes)

Verse:
Relative motion, pitch will change,
Higher or lower, waves rearrange.
As source draws near, waves compress,
Shorter wavelengths, higher frequencies, 
(Compress, Compress) 

Pre-Chorus:
Showing us how the universe moves.
Compressed waves, higher pitches too, (Compress) 
Frequency changes right on cue,
Stretched waves, lower frequencies into view. 

Chorus:
Dap Dat Doppler
Waves have a perceived change
(Dap Dat Doppler)
from the relative motion
(Dap Dat Doppler)
Waves have a perceived change
from the relative motion
(motion, motion)

Verse:
When stars move through space, their light changes.
Galaxies moving away stretch their wavelength ranges.
We see this as redshift. (stretch)
The light shifts its spectrum.
(Stretch, Stretch) 

Chorus:
Dap Dat Doppler
Waves have a perceived change
(Dap Dat Doppler)
from the relative motion
(Dap Dat Doppler)
Waves have a perceived change
from the relative motion
(motion, motion)

Verse:
Sounds change too when objects move.
An approaching car has a higher pitch too. (Compress) 
As it passes, the pitch lowers. (stretch)
The sound waves stretch.
(Stretch, Stretch) 

Chorus:
Dap Dat Doppler
Waves have a perceived change
(Dap Dat Doppler)
from the relative motion
(Dap Dat Doppler)
Waves have a perceived change
from the relative motion
(motion, motion)

Outro:
(Funky instrumental outro with a disco beat)
Waves are wild, don't ya know,
Stretch and squeeze, it's quite a show!
Next time you hear that siren's call,
Thank the Doppler for it all!
(Here it comes)
(There it goes)

Doppler Effect

Intro:
(Oh-oh, oh-oh, yeah)
Atoms dancing, feel the beat,
Electric rhythm, move your feet.

Verse: 
In the Bohr Model, electrons spin,
Orbiting the nucleus, let’s begin,
Protons positive, hold on tight,
Electrons negative, and very light.

Chorus: 
Electrons Negative
(1 point 6 times 10 to the negative)
Protons Positive
(1 point 6 times 10 to the negative nineteenth)

Verse:
Electrons moving, here they go,
Creating currents, watch them flow,
Conductors let them flow with ease
Insulators hold them, no release

Chorus: 
Electrons Negative
(1 point 6 times 10 to the negative)
Protons Positive
(1 point 6 times 10 to the negative nineteenth)

Bridge:
Millikan's oil drops, suspended high,
Measured charge, no need to lie,
Gravity pulls them, downward force,
Electric fields balance, steady course.

Chorus: 
Electrons Negative
(1 point 6 times 10 to the negative)
Protons Positive
(1 point 6 times 10 to the negative nineteenth)

Bridge: 
Ground, the infinite source and sink
Charges come and go in a blink
Idealized, a perfect place
For charges to find their space 

Chorus: 
Electrons Negative
(1 point 6 times 10 to the negative)
Protons Positive
(1 point 6 times 10 to the negative nineteenth)

Outro:
(Oh-oh, oh-oh, yeah)
Atoms dancing, feel the beat,
Electric rhythm, stop your feet

Charges

Intro:
(Charges, Charging)
(Cha Cha)
(Charges, Charging)
(Cha Cha Cha)

Verse:
(Rhythmic clapping)
Electric field, a force so fine
Per unit charge, a field line
Positive charge, shows the way
Arrow points, the force's way

Pre-Chorus:
(Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh)
Feel the field around you,
(Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh)
It’s electric, it’s true.

Chorus: 
(What is an electric field?)
Force per unit charge
on a small positive test charge. 
Force per unit charge
on a small positive test charge. 
(Cha Cha Charge)

Verse:
Inside a sphere, the field is zero,
Vectors cancel out, here is zero
Outside the sphere, the field’s strength decreases,
Inverse square law, as distance increases.

Pre-Chorus:
(Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh)
Feel the field around you,
(Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh)
It’s electric, it’s true.

Chorus: 
(What is an electric field?)
Force per unit charge
on a small positive test charge. 
Force per unit charge
on a small positive test charge. 
(Cha Cha Charge)

Verse:
(Background vocals: Ooh, ah)
Strongest field, lines so near
Never crossing, they're clear
Conducting surface, ninety degrees
Uniform field, parallel with ease

Pre-Chorus:
(Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh)
Feel the field around you,
(Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh)
It’s electric, it’s true.

Chorus: 
(What is an electric field?)
Force per unit charge
on a small positive test charge. 
Force per unit charge
on a small positive test charge. 
(Cha Cha Charge)

Bridge: 
Positive test charge, the guide
Into negative, field lines glide
Out of positive, they flow
Electric field, in the know

Pre-Chorus:
(Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh)
Feel the field around you,
(Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh)
It’s electric, it’s true.

Chorus: 
(What is an electric field?)
Force per unit charge
on a small positive test charge. 
Force per unit charge
on a small positive test charge. 
(Cha Cha Charge)

Outro:
As the song fades, remember what you learned,
Electric fields and charges, how they've turned,
From mystery to clarity, sparks in our minds,
Studying the charges, in knowledge you'll finds.

Electric Fields

ntro:
(Force, field, energy, potential)
(Force, field, energy, potential)

Verse:
Do you know these? terms confusing. 
Force, field, energy, potential, not amusing,
They sound so alike, but they're worlds apart,
In physics', they each play a part, part. 

Chorus;
(cool, huh)
Force is Newtons
Field, Newtons per coulomb
(cool, huh)
Energy is jewels...
Potential, jewels per coulomb
(cool, huh)

Verse:
Force is push, force is pull,
Measured in Newtons, there you go.
(Netwons, Newtons)
Field, the force per unit charge
On a test charge, small not large
(Newton's per coulomb)

Chorus;
(cool, huh)
Force is Newtons
Field, Newtons per coulomb
(cool, huh)
Energy is jewels...
Potential, jewels per coulomb
(cool, huh)

Verse:
Energy, measured in jewels, oh yes
(Jewels, Jewels)
Potential, energy per unit charge, no less
(Joules per coulomb)
From infinity, to a point it flows,
Small test charge, where it goes.

Chorus;
(cool, huh)
Force is Newtons
Field, Newtons per coulomb
(cool, huh)
Energy is jewels...
Potential, jewels per coulomb
(cool, huh)

Verse:
Vectors, force and field, they point the way
Inverse square laws, they hold sway
Scalars, energy and potential, they measure
Inversely proportional to distance, for sure

Chorus;
(cool, huh)
Force is Newtons
Field, Newtons per coulomb
(cool, huh)
Energy is jewels...
Potential, jewels per coulomb
(cool, huh)

Outro:
Force, field, energy, potential
Terms we've learned, so influential
(shhhhh) Force, field, energy, potential
(shhhhh) Force, field, energy, potential

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