BUFFALO, NY — July 30, 2025 — A new #research paper was #published in Aging (Aging-US) on July 23, 2025, titled “Second generation DNA methylation age predicts cognitive change in midlife: the moderating role of childhood socioeconomic status.”

In this study, led by Sophie A. Bell and Eric Turkheimer from the University of Virginia, researchers investigated how biological aging, measured through DNA methylation, is connected to changes in thinking skills during midlife and whether childhood socioeconomic status influences this relationship. 

Biological age provides a picture of how the body is aging that goes beyond simply counting years. In this study, researchers used both first- and second-generation DNA methylation clocks—tools that track chemical changes in DNA as markers of aging. GrimAge and PhenoAge, the second-generation clocks designed to reflect broader health and aging processes, were more accurate at predicting long-term changes in Intelligence Quotient (IQ) than the first-generation models that only estimated chronological age. The study analyzed 287 participants from the Louisville Twin Study, which is a long-term project that has followed twins from childhood into midlife.

“DNAmAge was estimated with five commonly used algorithms, or epigenetic clocks (Horvath, Horvath Skin and Blood, GrimAge, and PhenoAge).”

The results showed that twins with more rapid epigenetic aging had a larger drop in IQ scores. This pattern remained even after considering genetic background and early family environment, made possible by the twin-based design. Importantly, the relationship was strongest in twins who had grown up in families with lower socioeconomic status. This finding suggests that early-life disadvantage may make individuals more vulnerable to the effects of biological aging on brain health.

This research adds knowledge to earlier work showing that childhood poverty can influence long-term health. It also highlights the value of second-generation epigenetic clocks as early indicators of brain aging. Unlike the first generation of clocks, these newer tools capture broader biological changes such as inflammation, disease risk, and behaviors like smoking.

Although smoking partly explained the results because it strongly influences DNA methylation, it did not fully account for the association between accelerated biological aging and cognitive decline. This suggests that both life experiences and lifestyle factors shape body and brain aging.

By combining decades of developmental data with a genetically informed twin design, the study provides new evidence that biological aging, especially when shaped by childhood adversity, is a key factor in midlife cognitive decline. These findings may inform early health strategies that consider both social and biological risks and support the use of second-generation methylation clocks to predict age-related cognitive changes.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206284

Corresponding authors - Sophie A. Bell - bvf7pa@virginia.edu, and Eric Turkheimer - ent3c@virginia.edu

Video short - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vopDdS1olXw

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Aging (Aging-US)

Study in Twins Links Childhood Environment to Epigenetic Aging and Cognitive Decline

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common—and deadliest—cancers worldwide. Once it spreads and reaches the metastatic stage, treatment becomes far more difficult. Tumors can also behave very differently from one patient to another, especially after multiple rounds of therapy. Precision oncology is helping to overcome these challenges by enabling clinicians to analyze each tumor’s unique genetic profile and tailor treatment accordingly.

This approach was recently highlighted in a case study published in Volume 16 of Oncotarget. The report detailed how a 62-year-old man with advanced colorectal cancer received a highly personalized treatment plan, developed by an international panel of experts, after completing all standard treatment options.

Full blog - https://www.oncotarget.org/2025/09/24/precision-oncology-in-metastatic-colorectal-cancer-a-real-world-case-study/

Paper DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28744

Correspondence to - Shai Magidi - shai.magidi@winconsortium.org

Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWDtWNgpK7A

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Keywords - cancer, precision oncology, molecular tumor board, colorectal carcinoma, cancer management

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Oncotarget

Precision Oncology in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Real-World Case Study

In this episode of the Longevity & Aging Series, Girish Harinath from AgelessRx joins host Dr. Evgeniy Galimov to discuss a research paper he co-authored in Volume 17, Issue 4 of Aging-US, titled “Influence of rapamycin on safety and healthspan metrics after one year: PEARL trial results.”

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206235

Corresponding author - Stefanie L. Morgan - stefanie@agelessrx.com

Video interview - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-NvskI8Ve0

Longevity & Aging Series - https://www.aging-us.com/longevity

Abstract

Design: This 48-week decentralized, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (NCT04488601) evaluated the long-term safety of intermittent low-dose rapamycin in a healthy, normative-aging human cohort. Participants received placebo, 5 mg or 10 mg compounded rapamycin weekly. The primary outcome measure was visceral adiposity (by DXA scan), secondary outcomes were blood biomarkers, and lean tissue and bone mineral content (by DXA scan). Established surveys were utilized to evaluate health and well-being. Safety was assessed through adverse events and blood biomarker monitoring.

Results: Adverse and serious adverse events were similar across all groups. Visceral adiposity did not change significantly (ηp2 = 0.001, p = 0.942), and changes in blood biomarkers remained within normal ranges. Lean tissue mass (ηp2 = 0.202, p = 0.013) and self-reported pain (ηp2 = 0.168, p = 0.015) improved significantly for women using 10 mg rapamycin. Self-reported emotional well-being (ηp2 = 0.108, p = 0.023) and general health (ηp2 = 0.166, p = 0.004) also improved for those using 5 mg rapamycin. No other significant effects were observed.

Conclusions: Low-dose, intermittent rapamycin administration over 48 weeks is relatively safe in healthy, normative-aging adults, and was associated with significant improvements in lean tissue mass and pain in women. Future work will evaluate benefits of a broader range of rapamycin doses on healthspan metrics for longevity, and will aim to more comprehensively establish efficacy.

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Keywords - aging, rapamycin, geroscience, longevity, healthspan

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Aging-US

Longevity & Aging Series (S3, E6): Girish Harinath

BUFFALO, NY — October 1, 2025 — A new #research paper #featured as the #cover of  Volume 17, Issue 9 of Aging-US was published on August 21, 2025, titled “Sex-specific longitudinal reversal of aging in old frail mice.” 

The study, led by first author Cameron Kato and corresponding author and Aging-US Editorial Board Member Irina M. Conboy from the University of California, Berkeley, reports that a combination of oxytocin and an Alk5 inhibitor (OT+A5i) significantly extended both lifespan and healthspan in frail, elderly, male mice. These rejuvenating effects were not seen in female mice, highlighting key biological differences between the sexes in their response to aging therapies.

The researchers tested a dual-drug approach targeting two biological pathways that change with age. Oxytocin, a hormone that declines with aging and supports tissue repair, was combined with an Alk5 inhibitor that blocks the TGF-beta pathway. TGF-beta becomes overactive with age and contributes to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In this study, frail mice at 25 months of age—roughly equivalent to 75 human years—were treated regularly with the OT+A5i combination.

Male mice receiving the therapy lived over 70% longer than untreated controls and showed significant improvements in physical endurance, agility, and memory. According to hazard ratio analysis, the treated males were nearly three times less likely to die at any given time than untreated males. 

“Treatment of old frail male mice with OT+A5i resulted in a remarkable 73% life extension from that time, and a 14% increase in the overall median lifespan.”

The therapy also reduced “biological noise” in circulating blood proteins—an established marker of aging—bringing those levels back to a more youthful state. Short-term benefits, were seen in both sexes, however, after four months of continuous treatment, only the male mice showed sustained improvement in systemic protein balance. Female mice did not experience significant gains in lifespan or healthspan, though middle-aged females did show improved fertility after treatment.

These results underscore the importance of understanding sex-specific biology when developing treatments for aging. While the reasons for these differences remain unclear, the findings provide a new model for studying and designing longevity therapies.

Oxytocin is already FDA-approved, and Alk5 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials, suggesting that this approach could be translated to humans. With strong results in aged and frail male animals, OT+A5i appears to be a promising candidate for improving late-life health and survival.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206304

Corresponding author - Irina M. Conboy - irina@generationlab.co

Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpWxDd7hHhM

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Keywords - aging, lifespan, healthspan, Alk5 inhibitor, oxytocin, sex-specific differences

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Sex-Specific Effects Found in New Anti-Aging Therapy for Elderly Mice

BUFFALO, NY - October 1, 2025 – Oncotarget is proud to announce that its Editor-in-Chief, Wafik S. El-Deiry, MD, PhD, FACP, will chair the WIN Symposium as the Oncology Track of the Advancing Precision Medicine (APM) Annual Conference held October 3–4, 2025, at the Pennsylvania Convention Center in Philadelphia.

The WIN Consortium annual symposium featured as the Oncology Track of the APM Annual Conference 2025 unites global leaders in oncology, translational science, and precision medicine. This year’s program features keynote lectures, multi-track sessions– WIN Symposium, Multi-Omics Integration and Precision Medicine Outside of Oncology– and networking opportunities designed to accelerate the translation of research into clinical practice.

Highlights include:

--A keynote at opening of the WIN Symposium in Philadelphia by William G. Kaelin, Jr., MD — 2019 Nobel Laureate.

--Other luminaries in Oncology are speaking, including AACR President Lillian Siu, MD and AACR President-Elect Keith Flaherty, MD along with internationally recognized leaders in precision oncology.

--A world-class precision oncology molecular tumor board and oral presentations from the most competitive abstracts are part of the program.

--Multi-omics and disease-specific tracks spanning oncology, neurology, cardiovascular disease, rare disease, and infectious disease.

--Opportunities for collaboration among scientists, clinicians, industry innovators, and policymakers.

Registration is still open. Attendance is free for students, academic/government/non-profit participants, healthcare providers, and investors. The event provides CME credits. For full program details, visit the APM Annual Conference website.

About WIN Consortium:

WIN Consortium is a non-profit association headquartered in France. WIN was the first consortium that assembled all stakeholders of cancer care, from academia, industry, and patient advocates to work together across the globe. The WIN network assembles 34 world-class academic medical centers, industries, research organizations and patient advocates spanning 18 countries and 5 continents, aligned to launch trials to bolster Precision Oncology across the world. It was also the first organization to launch a N-of-One study using transcriptomics in addition to genomics to inform therapeutic choice in the WINTHER study.

WIN is the organizer of the WIN symposia in Precision Oncology.

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Wafik S. El-Deiry Chairs 2025 WIN Symposium in Collaboration with APM in Philadelphia

As life expectancy increases, there is growing interest not only in extending lifespan but also in improving the quality of those additional years. To address the physical and cognitive decline that often accompanies aging, researchers have explored a variety of strategies. Many of these focus on a single biological factor, such as reducing inflammation or stimulating stem cell activity. However, aging is a complex process involving multiple, interconnected changes in the body.

Recognizing this, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley proposed a more comprehensive approach: targeting multiple aging-related pathways simultaneously. Their study, titled “Sex-specific longitudinal reversal of aging in old frail mice,” was recently featured on the cover of Aging-US (Volume 17, Issue 9).

Full blog - https://aging-us.org/2025/10/new-anti-aging-combo-boosts-lifespan-in-old-male-mice/

Paper DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206304

Corresponding author - Irina M. Conboy - irina@generationlab.co

Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpWxDd7hHhM

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Keywords - aging, lifespan, healthspan, Alk5 inhibitor, oxytocin, sex-specific differences

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New Anti-Aging Combo Boosts Lifespan in Old Male Mice

BUFFALO, NY — October 3, 2025 — A new #research perspective was #published in Volume 17, Issue 9 of Aging-US on August 26, 2025, titled “Analysis of the current state of frailty indexes and their implementation for aging intervention studies.” 

In this work, led by first author Oliver G. Frost from  Loughborough University alongside corresponding authors Abdelhadi Rebbaa and Amit Sharma,  from the Lifespan Research Institute, the authors explore growing concerns about the lack of standardization in how frailty is measured in rodent aging studies, which may limit the development of effective interventions targeting age-related decline.

Frailty, a key indicator of deteriorating health in older adults, is increasingly assessed in preclinical models using frailty indexes (FIs). These indexes quantify health deficits, such as reduced mobility, cognitive decline, or physical weakness. However, this perspective highlights that FI methodologies vary significantly across studies, from the selection of parameters to the cut-off thresholds used, resulting in inconsistent outcomes that affects reproducibility and translational value.

The authors reviewed 18 rodent studies and found substantial variation in how frailty is defined and measured. Some FIs rely on clinical observations, such as appearance or beahaviour, while others focus on physical performance metrics like grip strength or locomotion. In several cases, applying different FIs to the same group of animals produced contradictory results, underscoring the importance of harmonized protocols.

To illustrate these issues, the researchers applied an 8-item FI to mice of different ages and found that even young mice were sometimes scored as frail, depending on the scoring method and reference values. This finding emphasizes the need for consistent baselines and controlled environments, especially when comparing across studies. The authors recommend using each animal as its own baseline in longitudinal studies, a strategy that enhances reliability without adding significant cost.

“Sex as a biological variable in FIs is an important consideration, as there is a known difference between male and female frailty onset and progression.” 

The authors also discuss emerging automated tools, such as video-based open-field testing, which can reduce observer bias and improve reproducibility. In the future, broader health indicators, such as cognition, circadian rhythms, social behavior, and body composition, may further enhance frailty assessments.

Overall, this work underscores the urgent need for standardized, transparent, and reproducible methods for evaluating frailty in preclinical aging studies. Improved consistency in frailty scoring will better inform the development of healthspan-extending therapies and enhance the translational relevance of animal models.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206307

Corresponding authors - Abdelhadi Rebbaa - rebbaa@gmail.com, and Amit Sharma - amit.sharma@sens.org

Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eha3XA9LyWA

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Keywords - aging, frailty, rodents, frailty index, phenotype

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Standardizing Frailty Indexes to Improve Preclinical Aging Research

BUFFALO, NY — October 7, 2025 — A new #research paper was #published in Volume 17, Issue 9 of Aging-US on August 27, 2025, titled, “Deregulated miR-145 and miR-27b in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome: implications for adipogenesis.”

In this study, led by first author Felix Quirin Fenzl and corresponding author Karima Djabali from the Technical University of Munich (TUM), researchers identified that miR-145-5p and miR-27b-3p interfere with the formation of fat cells in children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a rare and fatal premature aging disorder. Their findings help explain why patients often experience fat loss and related metabolic complications and suggest new potential therapeutic strategies.

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a genetic condition that causes rapid aging in children, often leading to early death due to heart disease. Although affected children appear healthy at birth, they soon develop signs of accelerated aging, including hair loss, stiff joints, and a significant reduction in fat tissue. While certain treatments can slow disease progression, many aspects, such as the loss of fat tissue, remain poorly understood.

“Overall, this study provides the first comprehensive miRNA profiling of HGPS and control fibroblasts across different stages of cellular senescence.”

This study focused on how microRNAs—tiny molecules that help regulate gene expression—contribute to the disease. To explore this, the researchers used skin-derived stem cells from both healthy individuals and HGPS patients. When they transformed these cells into fat cells, the HGPS-derived stem cells formed significantly fewer fat cells. This difference was linked to unusually high levels of miR-145-5p and miR-27b-3p. These molecules were found to silence important genes required for fat cell growth and function. When the researchers blocked these microRNAs, fat cell formation improved. 

The team also examined fat tissue from a mouse model of HGPS. Similar to the human cells, these mice showed increased levels of miR-145-5p and miR-27b-3p and impaired fat development. These results confirm that these two microRNAs play a central role in the loss of fat tissue seen in the disease. Importantly, reducing their activity could become a promising therapeutic strategy for restoring fat tissue in affected individuals.

Although further research is needed before developing treatments, this study represents a step forward in understanding the molecular causes of lipodystrophy, a condition in which the body cannot form healthy fat tissue, in HGPS. It also opens the door for future therapies that could improve quality of life and health outcomes for patients. In the long term, similar approaches might benefit people with other metabolic diseases, such as obesity or diabetes, where fat cell function is also disrupted.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206309

Corresponding authors - Karima Djabali — djabali@tum.de

Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0ksC3cvdZ0

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Keywords - aging, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), progerin, microRNAs, adipogenesis

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Overactive MicroRNAs Block Fat Cell Development in Progeria

BUFFALO, NY – October 8, 2025 – A new #research paper was #published in Volume 16 of Oncotarget on October 6, 2025, titled “ACTM-838, a novel systemically delivered bacterial immunotherapy that enriches in solid tumors and delivers IL-15/IL-15Rα and STING payloads to engage innate and adaptive immunity in the TME and enable a durable anti-tumor immune response.”

In this study, led by first author Kyle R. Cron and corresponding author Akshata R. Udyavar, researchers from Actym Therapeutics developed a new form of bacterial immunotherapy called ACTM-838. This treatment safely delivers immune-activating proteins directly to solid tumors. The approach may offer a new option for cancer patients whose solid tumors are resistant to current immunotherapies.

Solid tumors often suppress the immune system, making it difficult for treatments like immune checkpoint inhibitors to work effectively. ACTM-838 was designed to overcome this challenge by targeting phagocytic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Once inside the tumor, the therapy delivers two immune-stimulating components: IL-15/IL-15Rα and a modified version of STING. Both are known to activate the body’s innate and adaptive immune responses. This combination of immune-stimulating proteins helps shift the TME from immune-suppressive to immune-permissive, enabling the body’s natural defenses to fight the cancer.

“STACT is a modular, genetically engineered live attenuated S. Typhimurium bacterial platform that enables tissue-specific localization and cell-targeted delivery of large, multiplexed payloads via systemic administration.”

The study highlights how ACTM-838, built on a specially modified strain of Salmonella Typhimurium, safely targets tumors and avoids healthy tissue after intravenous injection. This targeted delivery reduces the risk of side effects while ensuring the immune-boosting agents reach their intended location. Importantly, ACTM-838 also showed significantly reduced inflammatory toxicity compared to its parent bacterial strain, which had previously presented challenges in clinical use.

In preclinical tests, ACTM-838 shrank tumors and prevented their recurrence after treatment. Mice that were cured of tumors resisted re-injection with cancer cells, suggesting the development of long-lasting immune memory. The therapy also showed strong synergy with anti-PD1 drugs, a widely used class of cancer treatments, further improving outcomes in both treatment-resistant and responsive tumor models.

Researchers also found that ACTM-838 changed the composition of immune cells within the tumor. It increased beneficial cells like cytotoxic T-cells and antigen-presenting macrophages, while reducing suppressive cell types such as regulatory T-cells and exhausted T-cells. These effects were confirmed through genetic analysis and cellular studies, pointing to a broad and coordinated immune response.

This study offers proof-of-concept that live bacterial therapy can safely and effectively deliver gene-based immune modulators directly to tumors. With ACTM-838 now being tested in a Phase I clinical trial, the findings offer a new direction for cancer treatment strategies that activate the body’s own immune system, particularly in difficult-to-treat cases where other therapies fail.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28769

Correspondence to - Akshata R. Udyavar - akshata.udyavar@pfizer.com

Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fr5OR3tvC_I

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Engineered Bacterial Therapy Activates Immune Response in Cancer Preclinical Studies

Dr. Leonard Egede, Dr. Rebekah Walker, and Dr. Obinna Ekwunife from the Department of Medicine at the University of Buffalo, NY, describe their #research paper #published in Volume 17, Issue 8 of Aging-US, entitled “Longitudinal relationship between social and CVD risk factors in older adults with prediabetes: the HRS 2006-2016.”
#interview #authorinterview #aging #prediabetes #cardiovascular #health #openaccess #openscience #peerreviewed #journal #publication #publishing #meded

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206308

Corresponding author - Leonard E. Egede - legede@buffalo.edu

Video interview - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MSTk3GQAGA

Video transcript - https://aging-us.net/2025/10/08/behind-the-study-social-and-cardiovascular-risk-factors-in-older-adults-with-prediabetes/

Abstract

Background: This study examines how multiple social risk factors influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk control over time in older adults with prediabetes using a nationally representative cohort.

Methods: Data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) included 5,086 U.S. adults aged 50+ with prediabetes. Five social risk domains (economic stability, environment, education, healthcare, and social context) were examined as independent variables, while CVD risk factors included glycemic control (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and cholesterol ratio (total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein). Mixed-effects models assessed relationships between social risk factors and CVD outcomes, adjusting for age, gender, race, and marital status.

Results: The sample had an average age of 68.6 years, with 60.2% female, and 70.97% identifying as non-Hispanic Black. Average HbA1c was 5.7, SBP 129.4, and cholesterol ratio 3.85. Limited education was consistently associated with increased CVD risk—HbA1c (β = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01–0.06, p < 0.001), SBP (β = 4.34, 95% CI: 2.96–5.71, p < 0.001), and cholesterol ratio (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01–0.16, p < 0.05) —in the fully adjusted model. Medication cost-related non-adherence was significantly associated with higher HbA1c levels (β = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.002–0.06, p < 0.05). Difficulty paying bills and lack of health insurance were both significantly associated with higher cholesterol levels (β = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.002–0.06, p < 0.05) and (β = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.15–0.30, p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions: Social risk factors, particularly limited education, significantly impact CVD risk in older adults with prediabetes.

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Keywords - aging, prediabetes, social determinants of health, health equity, cardiovascular health, population health

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Behind the Study: Social and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Older Adults with Prediabetes

Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although precision medicine has improved outcomes for many patients, certain rare genetic mutations are still poorly understood, particularly in regions with limited access to genomic testing. Such mutations involve the HER2 gene, better known for its role in breast cancer but also implicated in a small subset of lung cancers.

HER2 mutations are found in approximately 2–4% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases and create unique challenges. These tumors can vary significantly in how they appear under a microscope and in how they respond to treatment. Adding to the complexity, most diagnostic and treatment guidelines are based on research from high-income countries, which may not reflect the genetic diversity seen in other parts of the world.

To help close this knowledge gap, researchers in Northeastern Brazil conducted one of the first detailed investigations into HER2-mutated NSCLC in Latin America. Their study, recently published in Volume 16 of Oncotarget, reveals a complex and often overlooked form of the disease, highlighting the need for broader access to targeted therapies in underserved populations.

Full blog - https://www.oncotarget.org/2025/10/08/new-insights-into-her2-mutated-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-in-brazil/

Paper DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28737

Correspondence to - Fabio Tavora - stellacpak@outlook.com

Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hr5R9iDBFFI

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Keywords - cancer, HER2 mutation, NSCLC, lung cancer, targeted therapy, genomic profiling

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New Insights into HER2-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Brazil

Aging-US is dedicated to advancing our understanding of the biological mechanisms that drive aging and the development of age-related diseases. Our mission is to serve as a platform for high-quality research that uncovers the cellular, molecular, and systemic processes underlying aging, and translates these insights into strategies to extend healthspan and delay the onset of chronic disease.

Read about the Aging (Aging-US) Scientific Integrity Process: https://aging-us.com/scientific-integrity

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