BUFFALO, NY - March 21, 2025 – A new #editorial was #published in Oncotarget, Volume 16, on March 13, 2025, titled “No disease left behind."

In this editorial, Dr. Muzamil Arshad from the University of Chicago Medical Center and colleagues highlight a growing concern in cancer care: radiotherapy may leave behind microscopic cancer even when scan images suggest the tumor is gone. The authors argue that this “residual disease” is more common than expected and is linked to worse long-term outcomes. Their perspective calls for a rethinking of how treatment success is judged and how cancer is followed up after therapy.

Radiotherapy, especially a form known as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), is widely used to treat cancers in the lung, liver, prostate, and other organs.  SABR delivers high-dose radiation with outstanding precision and often shows excellent results on scans. However, the authors highlight that relying only on imaging may not provide a complete picture. Months or even years later, follow-up biopsies frequently reveal cancer cells that scan imaging tests were unable to identify.

“Residual cancer is identified on histology in 40% of lung, 57–69% of renal cell, 7.7–47.6% of prostate and 0–86.7% of hepatocellular carcinoma.”

This gap between what scans show and what tissue analysis finds can have serious consequences. Studies across several cancer types have shown that patients with residual disease—even if small—are more likely to experience cancer recurrence and shorter survival. This pattern holds true for rectal, cervical, prostate, and liver cancers, among others. In some cases, not  destroying the tumor completely may allow it to spread to distant organs.

The authors point out that a complete response on scan imaging does not necessarily indicate the complete disappearance of the tumor. This mismatch can mislead both clinicians and patients into thinking treatment was more successful than it truly was. The editorial encourages more regular use of biopsy-based tests and new strategies to increase the true effectiveness—or “ablative power”—of SABR.

They also discuss promising approaches to improve outcomes, including increasing radiation doses and combining radiotherapy with other therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. While some trials have shown better tumor control with these combinations, results have not been consistent, and more research is needed to refine these strategies.

In summary, this editorial encourages the cancer care community to look beyond the scan images. Residual cancer may remain even when imaging looks clear, and recognizing this hidden threat is key to improving long-term outcomes. The goal is not just to shrink tumors on screen but to fully eliminate the disease.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28700

Correspondence to - Muzamil Arshad - muzamil.arshad@uchicagomedicine.org

Video short - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XC0XNjJjC2o

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About Oncotarget 

Oncotarget (a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal) aims to maximize research impact through insightful peer-review; eliminate borders between specialties by linking different fields of oncology, cancer research and biomedical sciences; and foster application of basic and clinical science.

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Oncotarget

Clear Scans Can Be Misleading: Residual Cancer Linked to Worse Outcomes

A conversation with Janet Bishop, co-curator of the exhibition Ruth Asawa: Retrospective.

Ruth Asawa

Aging (Aging-US) was proud to sponsor the Muscle Aging Science & Translation (MAST) Symposium, organized by the Aging Initiative at Harvard University on Friday, April 18, 2025. This important event brought together 350 participants—chosen from more than 1,300 applicants—including students, researchers, company founders, investors, and industry leaders. Together, they explored the latest research and innovations in muscle health and aging. The symposium reflected the journal’s strong commitment to supporting collaboration across fields and advancing research in aging.

-Key Highlights from the MAST Symposium- 
Clinical Research Perspectives on Frailty  

The symposium opened with a strong clinical session led by experts from top institutions: Dr. Roger Fielding (Tufts University and Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center) and Drs. Douglas Kiel, Shivani Sahni, and Yi-Hsiang Hsu (Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center).

The panel discussed key topics such as the biology of frailty, how bone and muscle health are connected, and the influence of genetics, diet, and exercise on staying strong as we age. By blending real-life patient care with the latest research, the speakers shed light on the challenges of sarcopenia—the gradual loss of muscle strength and mass that occurs with age—and the new scientific approaches being developed to improve treatment.

Full recap - https://aging-us.org/2025/04/agings-ongoing-support-for-scientific-innovation-sponsoring-the-muscle-aging-science-translation-symposium/

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Aging (Aging-US)

Aging’s Ongoing Support for Scientific Innovation: Sponsoring the Muscle Aging Science & Translation Symposium

Sponsoring the Muscle Aging Science & Translation Symposium

For their third annual Bulldog Days Live episode, Hannah and Mark interview three recently admitted students about how they chose to spend their time in high school. The students share their insights on balancing schoolwork, extracurricular activities,  social life, work, family, and everything else on their path to applying to college.  Admissions officers Skylar and John discuss how the admissions office produces an action-packed three-day campus preview program, including two world-class performance showcases. Hannah and Mark also share dozens of pearls of wisdom submitted by audience members about prioritizing commitments and finding balance.

Bulldog Days Live 2025

This week’s episode of YBJM Science News tackles two important parts of our bodies: skin and brain. From immune cells to lysosomes to brain networks and more, join co-hosts Majo and Hanna as they break down recent Yale-affiliated biological and biomedical research.
Papers featured in this episode:
Skin Injury May Bring on Food Allergies https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/skin-injury-may-bring-on-food-allergies/
Skin damage signals mediate allergic sensitization to spatially unlinked antigen https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciimmunol.adn0688
Neutrophils in the Immune System Help Build Healthy Skin
https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/neutrophils-in-the-immune-system-help-build-healthy-skin/?utm_source=YaleToday&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=YT_YaleToday-Students_4-7-2025
Matrix-producing neutrophils populate and shield the skin https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08741-5
Damaged Cell ‘Trash Cans’ May Contribute to Parkinson’s Disease https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/damaged-cell-trash-cans-may-contribute-to-parkinsons-disease/ 
The bridge-like lipid transport protein VPS13C/PARK23 mediates ER-lysosome contacts following lysosome damage 
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-025-01653-6 
Understanding the Transition from Early to Chronic Psychosis https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/understanding-the-transition-from-early-to-chronic-psychosis/
Connectome-based predictive modeling of early and chronic psychosis symptoms https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-025-02064-9


Secret Signals: How the Body Repairs, Reacts, and Reflects

BUFFALO, NY - April 28, 2025 – A new #research paper was #published in Oncotarget, Volume 16, on April 24, 2025, titled “PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the anogenital region."

Researchers Humberto Carvalho Carneiro, Rodrigo de Andrade Natal, José Vassallo and Fernando Augusto Soares from the Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino and Rede D’Or studied early tissue changes caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) in the anal, vulvar, and penile regions. They found that high-grade pre-cancer lesions triggered stronger immune responses and showed higher levels of two immune-related markers, PD-L1 and FOXP3. These findings are important because they help explain how some HPV-related lesions progress to cancer while others heal on their own.

High-risk HPV is known to cause several types of anogenital cancers. Before these cancers appear, the virus often leads to abnormal tissue changes known as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Many of these lesions disappear without treatment, but some become cancer—especially in people with weakened immune systems. This study explored how immune activity may play a role in this progression.

The researchers examined tissue from 157 patients—95 males and 55 females—with either high-grade or low-grade HPV-related lesions. They found that T-regulatory cells, marked by the FOXP3 protein, were more common in high-grade lesions. These immune cells are known to suppress immune responses, which can allow infected or abnormal cells to grow. The team also found higher expression of PD-L1, a protein that helps cells evade immune detection, particularly in inflammatory immune cells.

"Dense inflammatory infiltrates and high counts of FOXP3+ cells were significantly more frequent in patients with HSILs than in those with LSILsHR (p = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). HSILs also exhibited higher PD-L1 expression (padj < 0.01 and < 0.01 for the SP142 and 22C3 clones, respectively), based on the Poisson generalized linear model.”

These findings suggest that HPV may begin avoiding the immune system early in infection, even before cancer develops. The combination of high FOXP3 and PD-L1 levels may create a protective environment for infected cells, making them harder for the body to eliminate. This immune evasion may allow the lesions to remain and, over time, become cancerous.

The study also compared patients with and without HIV to assess whether immune health influenced the results. While those with compromised immune systems had more extensive lesions, PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression was also found in patients with healthy immune systems. This evidence shows that immune evasion by HPV can happen regardless of a person’s immune status.

Understanding how PD-L1 and FOXP3 function in early HPV-related lesions may help clinicians predict which lesions are more likely to become cancer. These insights could lead to new strategies for monitoring, treating, or preventing HPV-related precancerous lesions and cancer in the anogenital region. The study highlights how early immune system changes can play a key role in the development of HPV-related cancers.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28715

Correspondence to - Humberto Carvalho Carneiro - humberto.carneiro@rededor.com.br

Video short - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6d8G8TUbgYc

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Early Immune Evasion Found in HPV-Related Pre-Cancer Lesions of the Anogenital Region

In this #episode of the Longevity & Aging Series, Dr. Stephen Vatner from the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, joins host Dr. Evgeniy Galimov to discuss a #research perspective he co-authored in Volume 16, Issue 22 of Aging (Aging-US), titled “Brown adipose tissue enhances exercise performance and healthful longevity.”

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206179

Corresponding author - Stephen F. Vatner - vatnersf@njms.rutgers.edu

Author interview - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DE4H2DtSZg

Video short - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1DvuR7owJQ

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Keywords - aging, brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, healthful longevity, exercise, regulator of G protein signaling 14

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Longevity & Aging Series (S3, E3): Dr. Stephen Vatner

Yale Divinity School Professor Teresa Morgan shares her expertise about the Greek word “pistis,” often translated in the New Testament as “faith.” The conversation revolves around faith, trust, and faithfulness and touches on the importance of a nuanced understanding of atonement theology. Brandon challenges Morgan and Black to “Gregory or Gregory?” Tune in for an enlightening discussion that bridges the gap between ancient texts and modern faith.

51: Trust in Atonement with Teresa Morgan

BUFFALO, NY — April 29, 2025 — A new #research paper was #published in Aging (Aging-US) Volume 17, Issue 3, on March 20, 2025, titled “Inhibition of the metalloprotease ADAM19 as a novel senomorphic strategy to ameliorate gut permeability and senescence markers by modulating senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).”

Researchers, led by first author Sudipta Bar and corresponding authors Amit Sharma and Pankaj Kapahi from the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, have found that the enzyme ADAM19 plays an important role in regulating aging in cells and inflammation in the gut. Their study shows that blocking ADAM19 reduced gut damage and inflammation in fruit flies, mice, and human cells. This discovery points to a new possible way to treat gut disorders related to aging by reducing the harmful signals from senescent (aging) cells.

As individuals age, DNA damage can lead to the accumulation of senescent cells, contributing to tissue damage. These are cells that stop dividing and release harmful inflammatory substances called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this study, researchers used fruit flies to search for genes involved in radiation-related gut damage. They identified a gene called meltrin, which is similar to human ADAM19. When meltrin was turned off, the flies had less gut leakage, less inflammation, and fewer signs of cellular aging.

“Through an unbiased genome-wide association study (GWAS) utilizing 156 strains from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), we identified meltrin (the drosophila orthologue of mammalian ADAM19) as a potential modulator of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).”

To test if these results applied beyond flies, the team inhibited ADAM19 in mice using a drug called batimastat. Mice treated with the drug after chemotherapy exposure had stronger gut barriers and lower levels of inflammatory markers. The findings extended to human cell cultures, where ADAM19 inhibition reduced signs of cellular aging, including the expression of SASP proteins and β-galactosidase, a classic aging marker. 

Importantly, this approach does not kill aging cells like many 'senolytic' therapies but instead reduces the harmful substances they release, making it a potential "senomorphic" strategy. The study also showed that ADAM19 helps release certain SASP proteins by cutting them at the cell surface, suggesting a direct role in regulating inflammatory signals.

Through proteomic analysis, the team identified 12 SASP proteins that were significantly reduced when ADAM19 was blocked. Many of these proteins are linked to inflammation, immune response, and tissue remodeling in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn’s disease. This connection underlines the relevance of the findings for treating chronic gut disorders in aging populations.

By targeting ADAM19, researchers may have found a new way to protect gut health and lower inflammation caused by aging cells. This study offers a promising path for creating treatments that maintain healthy tissues without having to destroy aging cells, which could benefit people with gut damage related to aging or medical treatments.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206224

Corresponding authors - Amit Sharma - amit.sharma@sens.org, and Pankaj Kapahi - pkapahi@buckinstitute.org

Video short - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRfxQ20O2fQ

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Inhibiting ADAM19 Reduces Gut Inflammation and Cell Aging Markers Across Species

BUFFALO, NY — May 1, 2025 — A new #research paper was #published in Aging (Aging-US) on April 2, 2025, as the #cover of Volume 17, Issue 4, titled “Decreased mitochondrial NAD+ in WRN deficient cells links to dysfunctional proliferation.”

In this study, the team led by first author Sofie Lautrup and corresponding author Evandro F. Fang, from the University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital in Norway, discovered that cells from people with Werner syndrome (WS)—a rare genetic disorder that causes  premature aging—have low levels of a molecule called NAD+ in their mitochondria. This molecule is essential for energy production, cellular metabolism, and maintaining cell health. The researchers also found a potential way to improve cell function in WS patients, pointing to new directions for treating age-related decline and other premature aging disorders.

Werner syndrome leads to signs of aging much earlier than normal, including problems such as cataracts, hair loss, and atherosclerosis by age 20 to 30. The team found that when the WRN gene is missing or damaged, cells cannot maintain healthy NAD+ levels in their mitochondria. As a result, the cells age more quickly and stop growing properly. When the researchers boosted NAD+ levels using nicotinamide riboside (a vitamin B3 compound) the affected stem cells and skin cells from patients showed less aging and improved mitochondrial activity.

“Interestingly, only 24 h treatment with 1 mM nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD+ precursor, rescued multiple pathways in the WRN−/− cells, including increased expression of genes driving mitochondrial and metabolism-related pathways, as well as proliferation-related pathways.”

The study also found that the WRN gene helps regulate other important genes that control how NAD+ is made in the body. Without WRN, this system becomes unbalanced, which affects how cells function, grow, and respond to stress. Although adding more NAD+ helped some cells look healthier, it could not completely fix the growth problems in other types of lab-grown cells. This suggests that while NAD+ supplementation is beneficial, it cannot fully replace the essential functions of the WRN gene.

These findings offer new insights into the biological mechanisms of aging and reinforce the therapeutic potential of targeting NAD+ metabolism in age-related and genetic diseases. Future studies will aim to better understand how subcellular NAD+ regulation interacts with mutations like those seen in WS. Finally, this research supports ongoing efforts to develop NAD+-based treatments that could slow cellular aging and improve quality of life for patients with premature aging conditions.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206236

Corresponding author - Evandro F. Fang - e.f.fang@medisin.uio.no

Video short - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpRpi8TYPfU

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Keywords - aging, Werner syndrome, premature aging, NAD+, mitochondria, proliferation

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Boosting NAD+ Levels Slows Aging in Cells from Werner Syndrome Patients

Aging (Aging-US) invites #submissions for a Special Collection dedicated to the theme of cellular #senescence, spanning its basic mechanisms, physiological and pathological functions, and clinical applications.

This collection is published in memory of Professor Judith Campisi, a pioneering force in the field of cellular senescence whose groundbreaking work shaped the understanding of senescence in aging, cancer, and tissue homeostasis. Her legacy continues to inspire generations of scientists working to decode the complex biology of senescent cells and their impact on health and disease.

We welcome original research articles, reviews, and perspectives on topics including:

-Fundamental mechanisms of senescence induction and maintenance

-Regulation and context-specific roles of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)

-Beneficial and detrimental effects of senescent cells in vivo

-Senescence in development, aging, regeneration, and age-related diseases

-Biomarkers, imaging, and tools for senescence detection and quantification

-Therapeutic targeting of senescent cells: senolytics, senomorphics, and clinical translation

This Special Collection is guest edited by Han Li and Irina Conboy, both internationally recognized leaders in the study of senescence and aging.

Submission Details:

-Submission Deadline: January 15, 2026
-Manuscript Format: Please follow the journal’s submission guidelines
-Peer Review: All submissions will undergo a rigorous peer-review process
-Submission Link: https://aging.msubmit.net/cgi-bin/main.plex

Call for Papers: Commemorative Collection Honoring Dr. Judith Campisi

Oncotarget is a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal. Papers are published continuously within yearly volumes in their final and complete form and then quickly released to Pubmed.

Oncotarget is now indexed by MEDLINE, PubMed and PMC/PubMed.

Read about the Oncotarget Scientific Integrity Process: https://www.oncotarget.com/scientific_integrity/

Clear Scans Can Be Misleading: Residual Cancer Linked to Worse Outcomes

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