The Rulings on Fasting-Sharh Umdat ul Ahkam by Shaikh Uthaimin-Shaikh Abu Idrees

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[01/03/2024] Lesson One: The Rulings of Fasting - Abu Idrees Muhammad Khān حفظه الله. Lesson series at Masjid As-Sunnah An-Nabawiyyah, Aston, Birmingham, UK.

Some points discussed during this lesson:

- Reminder regarding the importance of ikhlāṣ.
- Brief background of al-Ḥāfiẓ ‘Abdul-Ghaniy al-Maqdisī (رحمه الله), and the reason he authored ‘Umdatul-Aḥkām.
- A breakdown of the methodology utilised by Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymīn (رحمه الله) in his explanation of ‘Umdatul-Aḥkām. 
- Chapter: Kitāb aṣ-Ṣiyām
- The linguistic and legislative definition of ṣiyām (fasting). 
- Proof that Allāh (عز وجل) obligated fasting upon every millah (religion).
- Some benefits of this tremendous act of worship.
- The manner of fasting when it was initially legislated and the year it became obligatory. 
- Ḥadith #1: Abū Hurayrah (رضى الله عنه) narrated that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said, “Do not let one of you fast a day or two days before Ramaḍān begins, except for an individual who is accustomed to fasting, then let him fast.”
- Brief biography of Abū Hurayrah.
- The humility of Abū Hurayrah, and his recounting of the incident that resulted in his strong memorisation and him not forgetting anything the Messenger ﷺ said. 
- Being humble and remembering that whatever we gain of knowledge or have of virtue is by the Permission of Allāh.
- The topic of the ḥadīth: the verdict of preceding the month of Ramaḍān with fasting a day or two before.
- Explanation of the wording of the ḥadīth.
- The general meaning of the ḥadīth.
- Four benefits of the ḥadīth.

Lesson 1 The Rulings of Fasting By Abu Idrees 01032024

[02/03/2024] Lesson Two: The Rulings of Fasting – Abu Idrees Muhammad Khān حفظه الله. Lesson series at Masjid As-Sunnah An-Nabawiyyah, Aston, Birmingham, UK.

Some points discussed during this lesson:

- Benefits from Shaykh ‘Arafāt al-Muḥammadī (حفظه الله):
- Obligatory and non-obligatory fasts. 
- The two categories of obligatory fasts, with examples.
- Examples of recommended fasts.
- Evidence from the Qur’ān and Sunnah for the obligation of fasting the month of Ramaḍān.
- Virtues of fasting.
- The meaning of fasting being a shield. 
- Those upon whom fasting is obligated/the conditions of fasting.
- Clarification that though a non-Muslim is not requested to fast, he is not exempt from punishment on the Day of Judgement for leaving it off.
- The signs that a boy/girl has entered into adulthood. 
- That which is upon the one with a terminal illness and the one who hopes to get better. 
- That which is upon the woman in the state of menses or post-natal bleeding. 



Questions:
1. Regarding the signs of adulthood, coarse pubic hair was mentioned, is there another type of pubic hair?
2. What is upon a brother who has been unable to fast for ten years due to being sick and has not paid the fidyah during this time?
3. What is upon the breastfeeding and pregnant woman?
4. Please advise the brothers not to congregate outside the masjid and keep the noise down as we have had complaints from the neighbours.
5. If a man and woman are in the sate of janābah and woke up after Fajr, can they continue to fast?
6. Regarding the fidyah, can a person pay the thirty days to one family if he cannot find thirty poor people?

Lesson 2 The Rulings of Fasting By Abu Idrees 02032024

[04/03/2024] Lesson Three: The Rulings of Fasting – Abu Idrees Muhammad Khān حفظه الله. Lesson series at Masjid As-Sunnah An-Nabawiyyah, Aston, Birmingham, UK.

Some points discussed during this lesson:

Rulings of Fasting [Lesson 03] 04.03.24

- The recompense for non-Muslims who carry out acts of kindness.
- That which is upon the one who did not fast for ten years due to sickness and also did not pay the fidyah. 
- Hadith #2: ‘Abdullāh b. ‘Umar (رضى الله عنهما) narrated that he heard the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ saying, “When you see it (the new crescent) fast, and when you see it, break your fast. And if it is obscured from your view, then estimate it.”
- Brief biography of ‘Abdullāh b. ‘Umar (رضى الله عنهما).
- The seven Companions who narrated the most ḥadīth, and the number of aḥādīth narrated by each of them.
- The topic of the ḥadīth: what is the obligation regarding fasting Ramaḍān and opening the fast in Ramaḍān.
- Explanation of the wording of the ḥadīth.
- The general meaning of the ḥadīth.
- Proof that Islamic months can only be twenty-nine or thirty days.
- Eight points of benefit of the ḥadīth. 
- The meaning of jumhūr. 
- Discussion on whether the sighting of the moon in one Muslim country suffices the entire ummah or if every country follows their own sighting. 
- The position of the jumhūr.
- The evidence utilised by those who hold that one sighting suffices the entire ummah.
- Explanation of the position of Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymīn, Ibn Taymiyyah and Imām ash-Shāfi’ī (رحمهم الله) that each country follows their own sighting of the moon, and their evidence. 



Questions:
1. Question regarding prayer timetables.
2. Is it permissible to make up obligatory fasts a day or two before Ramaḍān? 
3. Is zakāh obligatory upon the one who has received money by other than working e.g. benefits? 
4. What is done with ḥarām money?
5. What should an individual do if he starts fasting in one country, then travels to another country and ends up with 31 days?

Lesson 3 The Rulings of Fasting By Abu Idrees  04032024

[05/03/2024] Lesson Four: The Rulings of Fasting – Abu Idrees Muhammad Khān حفظه الله. Lesson series at Masjid As-Sunnah An-Nabawiyyah, Aston, Birmingham, UK.

Some points discussed during this lesson:

- Ḥadīth #3: Anas b. Mālik (رضى الله عنه) narrated that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said, “Take the pre-dawn meal, as there is blessing in the pre-dawn meal (saḥūr).” 
- Brief biography of Anas b. Mālik (رضى الله عنه). 
- The last of the Companions to die.
- The topic of the ḥadīth: the legislation of suḥūr.
- Explanation of the wording of the ḥadīth.
- The difference between saḥūr and suḥūr. 
- The general meaning of the ḥadīth.
- The justice and mercy of Islām.
- The barakah (blessing) attained from suḥūr in one’s dīn and dunyā. 
- The meaning of murabbī. 
- The importance of the dā’ī (caller) knowing the level of the people he is calling and addressing them in a manner in which they can understand. 
- Five points of benefit of the ḥadīth. 
- Aḥādīth that encourage taking the saḥūr.
- The ruling on suḥūr.
- Ḥadith #4: On the authority of Anas b. Mālik , on the authority Zayd b. Thābit (رضى الله عنهما), “We ate the pre-dawn meal with the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ, then he stood for the prayer.” Anas said: “I said to Zayd, ‘What was the duration between the adhān and suḥūr?’ He said, ‘The equivalent of fifty verses (i.e. how long it takes a person to recite 50 verses).’”
- Brief biography of Zayd b. Thābit (رضى الله عنه).
- The topic of the ḥadīth: clarification regarding the time the Messenger ﷺ  would have his saḥūr.
- Explanation of the wording of the ḥadīth.
- The general meaning of the ḥadīth.
- Five points of benefit of the ḥadīth.

Lesson 4 The Rulings of Fasting By Abu Idrees 05032024

[06/03/2024] Lesson Five: The Rulings of Fasting – Abu Idrees Muhammad Khān حفظه الله. Lesson series at Masjid As-Sunnah An-Nabawiyyah, Aston, Birmingham, UK.

Some points discussed during this lesson:

- Ḥadīth # 5: ‘Ā’ishah and Umm Salamah (رضى الله عنهما) narrated that Fajr would come upon the Prophet ﷺ and he would be in the state of ritual impurity (junub) due to him having relations with his wife, then he would take a ritual bath (ghusl) and fast.
- Brief biography of ‘Ā’ishah b. Abū Bakr aṣ-Ṣiddīq, and her virtues (رضى الله عنها).
- Brief biography of Umm Salamah (رضى الله عنها). 
- The topic of the ḥadīth: the ruling on fasting for the one who wakes up in the state of ritual impurity.
- Explanation of the wording of the ḥadīth.
- The permissibility of delaying ghusl.
- The general meaning of the ḥadīth.
- The reason ‘Ā’ishah and Umm Salamah (رضى الله عنهما) clarified that the Prophet ﷺ was junub due to relations and not due to a wet dream.
- The matter of differing that occurred between some of the Companions that lead them to seek clarification from ‘Ā’ishah and Umm Salamah (رضى الله عنهم أجمعين). 
- Consolidation between this ḥadīth and the narration from Abū Hurayrah and Faḍl b. ‘Abbās (رضى الله عنهما) that the Messenger ﷺ said, “Whoever reaches Fajr in the state of ritual impurity (junub) should not fast.”
- Proof that relations with one’s wife is permissible [but not recommended] up until the adhān of Fajr. 
- Another ḥadīth that proves it is permissible to perform ghusl after Fajr enters and continue fasting. 
- Four points of benefit of the ḥadīth.
- The ruling on the woman who becomes pure from menses just before the adhān of Fajr. 

Questions
1. Does the breastfeeding woman have to fast? 
2. What is the ruling regarding the woman who wakes up after the adhān of Fajr and is still not pure but becomes pure a short time after?

Lesson 5 The Rulings of Fasting By Abu Idrees 06032024

[07/03/2024] Lesson Six: The Rulings of Fasting – Abu Idrees Muhammad Khān حفظه الله. Lesson series at Masjid As-Sunnah An-Nabawiyyah, Aston, Birmingham, UK.

Some points discussed during this lesson:

- Ḥadīth #6: Abū Hurayrah (رضى الله عنه) narrated that the Messenger ﷺ said, “Whoever eats or drinks forgetfully while he is fasting, then let him complete his fast for indeed Allāh has fed him and has given him drink.”
- The topic of the ḥadīth: the ruling of the one who ate or drank forgetfully (whilst fasting).
- The general meaning of the ḥadīth.
- The great principle derived from the verse, “…Our Lord! Punish us not if we forget or fall into error…” [Sūrah al-Baqarah 2:286]
- Explanation of the wording of the ḥadīth.
- Five points of benefit of the ḥadīth. 
- Discussion: does the Sharī’ah define the amount that can be eaten in this scenario?
- Ḥadīth #7: - Abū Hurayrah (رضى الله عنه) narrated, “Whilst we were sitting with the Prophet ﷺ, a man came upon him and said, ‘O Messenger of Allāh, I am destroyed!’ The Messenger ﷺ  said, ‘What has destroyed you?’ He said, ‘I came upon my wife whilst I was fasting [another narration mentions, Verily I have had relations with my wife in Ramaḍān i.e. the day of Ramaḍān].’ The Messenger ﷺ said to him, ‘Are you able to find a slave that you may free?’ He said, ‘No.’ The Messenger ﷺ then said, ‘Do you have the ability to fast two months consecutively?’ He said, ‘No.’ The Messenger ﷺ then said, ‘Are you able to feed sixty poor people?’ He said, ‘No.’ So the Messenger ﷺ remained there for a while, then a man came and gave him a container full of dates. The Messenger ﷺ said, ‘Where is the questioner?’ He said, ‘I am here.’ The Messenger ﷺ said, ‘Take this (container of dates) and give them in charity.’ He said, ‘O Messenger of Allāh, shall I give this in charity to someone poorer than me? By Allāh, I do not think that there is any family between the two mountains [in the outskirts of Madīnah] that is poorer than my family.’ Then the Prophet ﷺ laughed up until his canine teeth were visible and said, ‘Feed it to your family.’” 
- The general meaning of the ḥadīth.
- Explanation of the wording of the ḥadīth.
- The difference between faqīr and miskīn.
- The quantity of dates that was given to the man.
- Twelve points of benefit of the ḥadīth. 

Questions:
1. An individual is fasting two months as an expiation but something beyond his control occurs and he is unable to fast.
2. Is fasting in Ramaḍān obligatory upon a person who is so poor he cannot even have ifṭār? 
3. Major sins being expiated?
4. What is the ruling on the one who vomits unintentionally? 
5. Regarding the two that have fallen into this sin, does the wife also have to carry out the expiation?
6. Can a person include the fasting of Ramaḍān as part of the two months for his expiation?

Lesson 6 The Rulings of Fasting By Abu Idrees 07032024

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